Chapter 5 4. The Sai'an War

1864 On the thirteenth of January, Foster, the ballad composer, died at the age of thirty-eight.On April 10, Maximilian became emperor of Mexico with the support of the French army.On April 17, a bread riot broke out in Savannah, Georgia.On May 19th, He Sang passed away at the age of sixty.On June 30, Treasury Secretary Chase resigned, accusing opportunists of plotting to delay the war for monetary gain.Congressman and historian Winthorpe said: "An act of blatant patriotism may have provided a cover for a great deal of crime.On September 2, the federal army captured the city of Garuda, Georgia (Atlanta).On November 8, Lincoln was re-elected president.On December 8, Pope Pius IX issued an article on fallacies, condemning liberalism, socialism and rationalism.On December 21, the Federal Sherman Army captured Savannah.In December, Owen Booth played Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theater in New York City.

Although many wrong things have been done to me, I still live in hope, I have no two hearts and now we are together again to make peace.My shame is as vast as the earth, but I will do as my friends advise me.At one time I thought I was the only one who could be called a white man's friend, but since they came and wiped out our tents and horses and everything else, it's hard for me to trust white people anymore. Black Pot Chief of the Nan Sai'an Nationality In 1851, the Saiyan, Orapaho, Sioux, Raven, and other tribes met with American representatives at Fort Lerime and agreed to allow the Americans to build roads and military outposts through their land .Both parties to the treaty swear to maintain good faith and friendship in all dealings with each other, so as to establish an effective and lasting peace.By the end of the first ten years after the treaty, whites had opened an outlet in Indian land along the valley of the Platte River.First came the convoy of wagons and baggage, then a series of military forts; then stagecoaches, and more closely connected military forts, followed by express horses, and talking telegraph wires.

In the Treaty of 1851, the Plains Indians did not waive any rights, or any claim to their lands, nor did they waive any right to hunt, fish, or pass in the territory defined by this Treaty .The Pikes Peak gold digging wave in 1858 attracted thousands of white gold diggers to dig yellow metal on Indian land.The gold diggers built little wooden villages here and there; and by 1859 they had built a large village and called it the city of Denver.A chief of the Orapaho tribe, Xiaoduwu, was very happy with these activities of the white people. He visited Denver and learned how to smoke cigars and eat meat with a knife and fork.He also told the miners that he was very happy to see that they got the gold, but reminded them that this land belonged to the Indians, and expressed the hope that after they found all the yellow gold they wanted, they would stop there stay.

The gold diggers not only stayed, but thousands of people came.The Platte River valley was once a place rich in bison, but it began to be filled with immigrants. On the land that belonged to the Nan Saiyan and Orapaho people in the Larime Treaty, they erected boundary markers to make pastures, or claimed the land. sovereignty.Only ten years after the signing of the treaty, the big meeting in Washington (Congress) established the territory of Colorado. The patriarch sent a local governor, and the politicians began to stir up trouble to transfer the land from the Indians. During all this time, the Saiyan and Orapaho tribes remained at peace, and American officials invited their chiefs to meet at Fort Wise, on the Arkansas River, to discuss a new treaty, and several chiefs agreed.According to the later claims of the chiefs of the two tribes, telling them what was in the treaty and what was actually written in the treaty were two completely different things.As far as the chiefs knew, the Sai'an and Orapaho retained sovereignty over their lands and freedom of movement to hunt bison, but they agreed to live within a triangle bounded by Sand Creek and the Arkansas River.Freedom of movement is a matter of particular importance, since the reserves designated for these two groups are almost devoid of wildlife and, unless irrigated, are not at all suitable for agriculture.

The signing of the treaty in Fort Wise became a big event for celebration. Because of the importance of the treaty, Colonel Greenwood, the director of the Liberal Bureau, also attended, and distributed medals, blankets, candy, and tobacco.The little white man (William Burnt), who is married to the Saiyan, is also there to look after the interests of the Indians.When only six of the forty-four chiefs were present, the U.S. official replied that the others could sign at a later date, the Fe'an pointed out.None of the other people signed it, and for this reason, the legitimacy of this treaty is still in doubt.The signatures of the Sai'an people are Heiguo, Bailing, and Shouxiong; among the Orapaho people are Xiaoduwu, Stormy Storm and Dazui.The two witnesses to the signing of the treaty were two U.S. Army cavalry officers, Sedgway and Stater. (In one of the ironies of history, it was one of the ironies of history that, nine months later, these two men who had pushed for the peaceful work of the Indians were at war with opposing sides in the Civil War, and both died within hours of the Battle of the Wilderness.)

During the first two years of the White Civil War, Saiyan and Orapaho hunting parties found it increasingly difficult to stay away from the blue-uniformed soldiers as they searched south for the gray uniforms.The Indians also heard about the troubles of the Na'vi and the Sioux. They also learned from the friends of the Sioux that the Sandy tribe dared to fight against the soldiers in Minnesota, and the end was terrible.The chiefs of the Sai'an and Orapaho tribes tried to keep the young men of the tribe busy driving the bison out of the white man's way.However, each summer, the number and indifference of the blue uniforms increased.In the spring of 1864, the soldiers went deeper into the remote hunting area between the Smoky Mountains and the Gonghe River.

When the grass was growing abundantly that year, a considerable number of people from the Romabi and Sai'an Goubing tribes went northward to the Powder River area, and together with their Tang tribe, the Northern Sai'an tribe, went hunting well.But the black pot, the white antelope, and the skinny bear still kept their tribes on the lower Platte River, as did the Orapaho little duo.They carefully avoided the soldiers and white buffalo hunters, and kept far from their forts, roads, and living quarters. In the spring of that year, the black pot and the skinny bear did not go south to Laundroburg to trade.Only in the previous year, the two chiefs were invited to visit Washington, where they had an audience with the patriarch, Lincoln. They were sure that the patriarch's soldiers at Fort Larnde would treat them well.President Lincoln awarded medals and hung them on their chests. Colonel Greenwood even gave the black pot an American flag. It was a large flag of the garrison. The stars representing the thirty-four states on the flag shone brighter than the sky at night. The star is even bigger.Colonel Greenwood also told him that as long as this flag was flying over his head, no private soldier would shoot at them.Heiguo is very proud of this flag, and every time he arrives at the permanent camp, he always raises it on the curtain pole at the top of his cone.

In mid-May, Black Pot and Slender Bear heard that soldiers had attacked the Fean on the South Platte River.They decided to dismantle the camp and head north.Join others in your clan for strength and protection.After a day's travel, they entered a camp near Gray Creek.Next morning the hunters set off early to hunt, as was custom; but they turned back in haste, having seen soldiers with cannon approaching their camp. The skinny bear likes to be stimulated, he told the black pot to go out to meet the army and find out why they came.He hung the medal awarded by the patriarch Lincoln on the outside of his jacket, and brought some official documents from Washington to prove that he was a good friend of the United States, so he took the accompanying soldiers out on horseback.The skinny bear galloped up to a hill near the camp, and saw an army of cavalry in four divisions approaching, with two cannons in the center and several carts behind them.

A young warrior who escorted the skinny bear, Chief Wolf, later said that the soldiers lined up as soon as they saw the Sai'an people.The skinny bear told us these soldiers to stand still, and the captain of the wolf said, so as not to frighten the soldiers, and he rode forward by himself, shook hands with the officer, and showed him the certificate.When the chief was only 20 or 30 meters away from them, the officer screamed loudly, and the soldiers all shot at the skinny bear and us.Skinny Bear fell off his horse right in front of the cavalry, and a Sai'an Xing Xing also fell off his horse.The soldiers then put their horses forward and fired again at Slender Bear and Xingxing who were lying helpless on the ground.I went to the side with a group of young people, there was a company of soldiers in front of us, but they were shooting Slender Bear and the Sai'an who was close to him, and didn't notice us until we fired all the guns and arrows, They were all very close together, and our arrows hit several of them, and two of them fell from their horses on their backs. At this time, they became a mess, and more Sai'an people came in small groups. When I arrived, the soldiers gathered in groups, seemingly terrified.They bombarded us with their cannons, and the cannonballs hit the ground near us, but they were very poorly aimed.

During the battle, Heiguo appeared on horseback and galloped back and forth among the soldiers.Stop hitting!He yelled loudly: Don't fight!It took a long time before the Sai'an people listened to him.We were all very angry, said the Captain, but he finally stopped the fight.The soldiers all fled, and we captured fifteen army horses, with bridles, saddlebags and all.Several soldiers were killed: Slender Bear, Xing Xing, and another Sai'an were killed, and many of them lost their lottery. The Sai'an people are very sure that they can kill all these soldiers and snatch their mountain cannons, because there are 500 Sai'an fighters in the camp to fight against more than 100 soldiers.Many young people were outraged by the cruel killing of the skinny bear. In this mobile battle, they chased and killed the fleeing soldiers, and chased them all the way to Fort Launde.

Chief Black Pot was bewildered by this sudden attack, and he mourned deeply for Skinny Bear, whom he had known for almost fifty years.He still remembered Slender Bear's curiosity, how he kept poking holes for himself.A few days ago, when the Sai'an tribe visited Fort Atkinson on the Arkansas River, the skinny bear saw an officer's wife wearing a shiny ring. He couldn't hold back, so he took the lady's hand Look at her ring, the lady's husband ran up and whipped the skinny bear.As soon as the skinny bear turned around and jumped on his mount, he galloped back to the Sai'an camp.He painted his face, galloped through the camp, and called upon the warriors to join him in attacking the fort; and he cried that a chief of the Saiyan tribe had been insulted.That day, Heiguo and the other chiefs made great efforts to make him settle down.Now, Skinny Bear was dead, and his death aroused the warriors' rage more deeply than the insult of Fort Atkinson. The black pot simply didn't understand why the soldiers attacked the Sai'an camp without warning.He imagined that if anyone knew, it would be his old friend William Burnt, the little white man.The little white man and his brethren came to the Arkansas River and built a Penthouse, and had been for thirty years or so.William first married the owl girl, and after she died, he married his sister-in-law Huang Nv; during these years, the Burnt brothers and the Fean people had a very close friendship.Xiaobairen, his three sons and two daughters live with his grandfather's family most of the time.In the summer of that year, George and Charlie, the two second sons, were hunting bison with the Sai'an people in the Yanshan River area. After thinking about the matter, Heiguo sent a messenger on a fast horse to find the little white man.Tell him that we fought with the soldiers and killed several of them, and the black pot said: We want to see him and talk to him about it. The wrong messenger happened to find William Burnt, who was on his way from Larndeburg to Leonburg.Ponte asked the messenger to go back and send a message to Heiguo, asking him to meet at Raccoon Creek.A week later, the two old friends met. Both of them cared about the future of the Sai'an people, and Ponte was especially worried about his son. He was relieved to hear that they were hunting in the Smoky Mountains.There hadn't been reports of anything wrong there yet, but he knew of two fights elsewhere.In Fremont Orchard, north of Denver, a faction of the Dog Soldiers was attacked by a detachment of Colonel Chiverton's Colorado Volunteer Regiment looking for stolen horses.The Dog Soldiers rounded up a horse and picked up a stray mule, but Chiveton's troops, before giving the Sai'an a chance to explain how the mules and horses had gotten there, opened fire.After this contact, Chiveton sent a large force to attack a Sai'an camp near Xiangshangang, killing two women and two children.The artillery unit that attacked Camp Blackpot on May 16, also Chiverton's men, had been dispatched from Denver and had no authorization to fight in Kansas at all.The artillery company commander, Lieutenant Yi Li, received an order from Colonel Chiveton: If you find a Sai'an tribe, kill them anytime, anywhere. Both William Burnt and the black pot believed that if such accidents continued, a full-scale war would break out on the entire Great Plains.I have no intention, and I don't want to fight with the white people, and the black pot said: I want to be friendly and peaceful, and I want my people to do the same; I can't fight with the white people, but I want to live in peace. Burnt told the scapegoat not to make the youth of the tribe go on a vengeful raid, promised to go back to Colorado, try to persuade the military authorities not to continue on the dangerous path they were taking, and then he set off for Leon fort. As soon as I got there, he later said on oath, met Colonel Chiverton, and told him of the conversations I had had with the Indians, and the chiefs expected friendship.He replied that he had not been ordered to make peace, and that he was about to start the conquest, I think that was what he said.Then I told him that if he wanted to continue the fight, he would be at great risk.There's a lot of government baggage going on the way to New Mexico and other places with lots and lots of nationals on the way and I don't think there's enough troops to protect those trips and the nationals and immigrant populations in this area are going to suffer .He said that the common people must defend themselves, and I have not spoken to him since. In late June Evans, Governor of Colorado, sent out a leaflet to the friendly Indians of the Great Plains, informing them that some elements of the Indian race had made war on the whites.Governor Evans declared that in several cases they also attacked troops and killed soldiers.There is no mention of the army's attack on the Indians, which was the cause of the three battles with the Saiyans.Because of this, the elder was very angry, and he continued: They must be hunted down and punished, but he does not want to hurt those who are still friendly with the white people, but wants to protect and take care of them.To this end, I instruct all friendly Indians to get away from those fighting, and to get to safety.Evans ordered the friendly Sai'an and Orapaho people to report to Leon Fort in their reservation area, and Kohler, the administrator in the fort, would provide them with food and show them safe areas.The purpose of this, to avoid the unintentional killing of friendly Indians fighting opposing Indians, will continue until they are effectively suppressed. As soon as William Pent heard Governor Evans' announcement, he immediately began to warn the Sai'an and Orapaho people to enter Fort Leon.But since the tribes were scattered all over western Kansas on their summer hunts, it would take weeks to get to them all.During this period, the conflict between the soldiers and the Indians continued unabated.Sioux warriors, sparked by General Suri's rebellious expedition into the Dakotas in 1863 and 1864, swarmed down from the north to attack the train trains and posthouses along the Platte River road. Stations and residents.These actions, which blamed the Southern Saiyan and Orapaho tribes, also attracted the utmost attention of the Colorado Army.William Burnt's half-breed son George, who was with a large Saiyan force on the Solomon River in July, said they were attacked repeatedly by troops without question until they began to retaliate in the only way they knew how. Burning of post-coach stations, chasing post-coaches, driving off cattle, forcing wagon trains to form a circle for battle, and so on. Heiguo and other old chiefs tried their best to stop this attack, but their influence was weakened, partly because of the prestige of the young leaders such as Rome, and partly because of the number of dog soldiers tribe.Heiguo found that seven captives, two women and five children, had been taken into the Smoky Mountains by the assaulting warriors. He ransomed four of them with his own horses, so that they could be returned to their relatives.At this time, he finally received a message from William Pent that Governor Evans ordered to report to Leonburg. It was now late August, and Evans issued a second proclamation: the citizens of Colorado, whether riding alone or in small groups, were allowed to go out and chase all the Indians who opposed the Great Plains. Be careful to avoid those who follow my appeal and gather at the designated place; but also treat the Indians who are opposing elements in this area as enemies, and kill and eliminate them no matter where they are found. For those Indians who were not confined to one of the designated reservations, raids had begun.Black Pot immediately called a meeting, and all the chiefs in the camp agreed to comply with the governor's demands for peace.So George Burnt, a graduate of Webster College in St. Louis, was asked to write a letter to Kohler, the administrator of Fort Leon, informing him that they needed peace.We have heard that you have several captives in Denver, and we have seven of your captives who are willing to release them, and if you do, we want to hear the truth of your answer.Black Pot hoped that Kohler would show him how to take his Saiyan people across Colorado without being attacked by the army or Governor Evans' civilian patrol squad.He didn't trust Kohler very much. He suspected that the administrator had sold some of the goods rationed to the Indians for personal gain. (The black pot still doesn't know how deeply Coller colluded with Governor Evans and Colonel Chiveton. They planned to drive the Indians of the Great Plains out of Colorado.) On July 26, the administrator Had written to Evans that they could not trust any Indians to keep the peace.He said in the conclusion: Now I think that a little gunpowder and lead bullets are the best food for them to benefit from. Because the black pot did not believe Koehler, he sent another copy of this letter to William Pent.He sent others to One-Eyed and Hawkhead, ordering them to ride to Leon Castle.Six days later, Cyclops and Eagle Head arrived at the fort, and suddenly encountered three soldiers. They took a shooting posture, but Cyclops quickly made a peace gesture and held up the letter of the black pot.After a while, the two Indians were brought into Fort Leon as captives and handed over to Major Winkop, commander of the garrison. The high chief, Winkop, suspected the motives of the Indians. From One Eye, he heard that the black pot asked him to go to the Smoky Mountain camp and lead the Indians to the reservation area, so he asked how many Indians there were in the camp.One-eyed replied that there were 2,000 Sai'an and Orapaho people, and maybe they also had more than 200 Sioux friends from the north. These people were tired of being constantly chased by soldiers.Winkop did not respond to this request. He had only a hundred cavalry under his command, and he knew that the Indians knew his strength.He suspected that this was a trap, so he ordered the two Sai'an messengers to be locked in a confinement room, and the military officers in the fort were called to a meeting to discuss.Chief High was very young, only in his twenties, and his only combat experience was in New Mexico, fighting the Confederate Army in Texas.For the first time in his career, he was faced with a decision that could spell disaster for his entire army. After a day's delay, Winkop decided that he must go to the Smoky Mountains, not for the Indians, but to rescue the white captives.No doubt it was for this reason that Black Pot referred to the captives in his letter; he knew that the white people would not bear the idea of ​​white women and children living with Indians. On September 6, Winkop was about to lead his 127 cavalry to set off. He released One Eye and Eagle Head from the confinement room and asked them to serve as guides and hostages in this expedition.As long as your people have the slightest sign of conspiracy, Winkop warns them: I will kill you. The Sai'an people will not break their promises, One Eye replied: If they want to do that, I don't care about my life anymore. (Winkop later said that the conversation he had with the two Saiyans during the march changed his long-standing view of the Indians. I felt that I was facing Superman, and these two men were a racial representative , until then, I always thought that race, without exception, was cruel, cunning, easy to kill, and had no feelings for friends and relatives, and no emotions.) Five days later, along the water source of Yanshan Mountain, Wen Kepu's vanguard searched for troops and found hundreds of soldiers, lined up, as if they were in the form of a battle. George Burnt, who was still with the black pot, said that when Winkop's troops appeared, the dog soldiers were ready to fight, galloped out, and took bows and arrows to meet the troops.However, Heiguo and other chiefs intervened and asked Major Winkop to move his troops back a little, which prevented a bloody battle. The next morning, Heiguo and other chiefs met with Winkop and other officers to hold a meeting.The black pot let others speak first, and the male bear, one of the leaders of the Goubing tribe, spoke, saying that he and his brother Shouxiong tried to live in peace with the white people, but the soldiers arrived for no reason and killed Shouxiong.The Indians could not be blamed for this battle, he added: the white men are foxes, they have nothing to bring about peace, and the only thing the Indians can do is fight. Little Dou of the Orapaho agrees with the bear.I'd be happy to shake hands with white people, he said: but I'm afraid they don't want peace with us.Then One-Eyed begged for the floor, and said he was ashamed to hear such talk, and that he risked his life to go to Leonburg, and plead with High Chief Winkop, that the Saiyans and the Orapahos would be at peace. Enter the reserved area.I pleaded with the high chief with my own words and my own life, and said with one eye: If the people in my clan act without sincerity, I will go with the white people and fight for them, and many of my friends will follow me. Winkop promised that he would do everything in his power to prevent the soldiers from fighting the Indians.He said that he was not a great chief and could not speak for all the troops, but if the Indians were willing to hand over the white captives to him, he would go to Denver with the Indian leaders to help them make peace with the great chiefs. During the meeting, Heiguo listened carefully in silence (according to Winkop: with a little smile on his face, without moving.) Then he stood up and said that he was very happy to hear the speech of High Chief Winkop .He said: White people have bad people, and Indians also have bad people. The bad people on both sides caused this dispute. Some of our young people joined them.I am against war and have done everything in my power to prevent war.I think it's the whites who start the war and make the Indians fight.At this time he promised to return the four prisoners he had bought, and the other three were still in camps far to the north, and it would take some time to negotiate their release. The four captives were all children, and none of them seemed harmed.In fact, when a soldier asked eight-year-old Archie how the Indians treated him, the boy replied that he would rather stay with the Indians than go back. After more negotiations, the two sides finally agreed that the Indians would remain in the Smoky Mountains and camp, and the seven chiefs would go to Denver with Winkop to negotiate peace with Governor Evans and Colonel Chiveton.Black pot, white antelope, male bear, and one-eyed represent the Sai'an tribe, while Wannianxue, Yuanqiu, Bison Heap and Notney represent the Orapaho tribe.Xiaoduwu and Zuohou, who doubted any promises from Evans and Chiveton, stayed behind to restrain the young Orapaho tribe from making mistakes; while the war situation took care of the Sai'an tribe in the camp. High Chief Winkop's cavalry, four white boys, and seven Indian leaders arrived in Denver on September 28th.The Indians rode in a mule-lined wagon with slatted benches.During the whole journey, Black Pot planted his large American flag on the caravan. When they entered the dusty streets of Denver, the Stars and Stripes flew over the heads of several chiefs, and everyone in Denver was shocked. Come out and see the ranks. Before the meeting, Winkop went to see Evans for an interview. The governor was very reluctant to have any terms with the Indians.He said the Saiyans and Orapahos should be killed before making peace with them.And this was also the opinion of General Curtis, Commander-in-Chief of the Military District, who on that very day sent a telegram from Fort Leavenworth to Colonel Chiverton: I do not want peace until the Indians are badly damaged. In the end, Winkop had to ask the governor to meet with the Indians.If I make peace with them, what will happen to my 3rd Colorado regiment?Evans asked: They were made up to kill Indians, and they must kill Indians.He explained to Winkop that officials in Washington had allowed him to form this new regiment because he had sworn that this regiment was very much needed to protect the people and resist Indian opposition elements. If he made peace now, the politicians in Washington would It is necessary to accuse him of retribution.Evans was also under political pressure from the Coloradoans, who would rather put on uniform and fight the few poorly equipped Indians than go far east to fight Confederate troops in order to avoid enlistment before 1864 .In the end, Evans yielded to Major Winkop's entreaties; after all, the Indians had traveled five hundred and fifty kilometers just to meet him and agree to carry out his proclamation. The meeting was held at Camp Weld, near Denver, and was attended by these chiefs, Evans, Chiveton, Winkop, several Army officers, and by order of the Whiteley who memorized every word.Governor Evans began the meeting roughly, asking the chiefs what they had to say.Heiguo replied in the Sai'an language, and Smith, an old trade friend of this tribe, acted as the interpreter: I have seized on this matter when I saw your circular of June 27, 1864, and now I am here to have a talk with you.Major Winkop proposed that we come and see Your Excellency.We sleep here with our eyes closed, following a few people, as if walking through fire.All we're asking is that we might make peace with the whites.We want to hold your hand, you are our parent.We've passed a cloud, and the sky has been dark since the fighting began.We will go back with the good news and tell our people that we can sleep in peace.I want your Excellency to tell the soldiers and chiefs here that we understand that we pursue peace and that we have made peace, so don't be misunderstood by them as enemies.When I came here, I didn't howl like a wolf at all, but to talk to you plainly.We must live near the buffalo, or we will starve.We came here free, and have no trouble coming to see you, and as soon as I get home, tell my folks that I have shaken the hand of your lord, and the hands of all the chiefs in Denver, they will feel very sorry Well, all the different races of Indians on the Great Plains, we've eaten and drunk with them, and we've all felt good too. Evans replied: I regret that you did not immediately respond to my appeal, but instead formed an alliance with the Sioux, and they are fighting us. The black pot was very surprised and said: I don't know who told you about this? It doesn't matter what anyone says, Evans retorted: But your behavior proves my opinion, that's exactly what happened. At this time, several chiefs immediately said: This is a mistake, we have not entered into an alliance with the Sioux or anyone. Evans talked about him left and right, saying that he had no intention of making a peace treaty.All I know, you know there's been a war among the white people themselves, he went on: Do you think you can get the white people out of this area now?This belief is unreliable.The masters of Washington have enough soldiers to drive all the Indians out of the great plains, and at the same time beat the rebels. My advice to you is to join the government and show by action the friendly arrangement you have promised me. .It is absolutely impossible for you to live with our enemies, to treat them on friendly terms, and to have peace. The white antelope, the oldest among the chiefs, spoke now: I understand every word you say, and I will remember all the Sai'an people, all of them are looking this way with their eyes wide open, and they will also hear what you said .The white antelope was proud, the great chief who had seen all the whites in the country, and he would tell his people.Calling all white people my brothers since I've been to DC to receive the medal.But other Indians have been to Washington and got their medals, and now the GIs don't shake hands, they search and kill me. I'm afraid those new GIs have gone out while I'm here, and maybe killed some of my people up. Evans told him bluntly that there was such a danger. When we sent the letter to Major Winkop, Bai Ling continued: Major Winklep's men came to our camp like going through a raging fire or an explosion; the same goes for us to come to see you. At this time Governor Evans began to question the chiefs about certain incidents of conflict along the Platte River, in an attempt to induce some men to take part in those raids without asking themselves.Who took the cattle from Fremont's orchard, he asked: Who fought the first battle with the army up there this spring? Before answering this question, Bai Ling boldly replied: I would like to let you know that that was the beginning of the war, and I would like to know why?A soldier fired first. The Indians stole about forty horses, Evans charged, and the soldiers went out to find them, and the Indians fired volleys at their ranks. Bailu denies this.They came down from the Bijou, he said, and found a horse and a mule, and they gave the horse back to a man before they went to Gray's, and then they went to Gray's, expecting to give the other to someone people.Then they heard that the soldiers and the Indians were fighting down the Platte River, and they were taken aback and fled. Who is robbing Baiyang Town?Evans asked. We don't know which tribe the Sioux people belong to. What's next for the Sioux? The male bear answered the question: Their plan was to wipe out the whole area, and he declared that they were very hot and would do whatever harm they could to the white people.I'm for you, for your troops, fighting for people who don't have ears to hear what you're saying I've never hurt a white man, all I'm looking for is good things, always white friends, they can treat me Well my brother Skinny Bear died trying to keep peace with the whites, and I'd like to die in the same situation and want to do the same. It seemed that there was more to be discussed in the meeting, so the governor asked Chiveton what he wanted to say to these chiefs. Chiveton stood up. pastor who spent most of his life organizing Sunday schools in mining camps.In the eyes of the Indians, he was a huge bull with a face full of thoughts, and his eyes were shining with fierce and fierce anger.I am not a great chief of soldiers, Chiveton said: But all the soldiers in this area are under the command of my subordinates.My principle in fighting whites, or Indians, is to fight until they lay down their arms and submit to the military authorities.They (the Indians) are nearer to Major Winkop than to anyone, and he can come to him now that he is ready to yield. The meeting was over, leaving these distressed chiefs. They didn't know if they had concluded peace. They only had one thing to be safe among the soldiers. The only true friend they could trust was High Chief Winkop, the one with the twinkling eyes. Chiveton the Bright Eagle Chief had said they should go to Leonburg to find Winkop, and they decided to do the same. 因此，我們就在煙山拔營，搬到萊歐恩堡東北六十五公里處的沙溪，喬治彭特說：印第安人從這處營地，進入堡區拜訪溫可普少校，似乎堡區裡的人對我們都非常友善，經過短短一段時間以後，奧拉帕荷族就離開了我們，直接搬到堡區，他們在那裡紮營，接受經常的配給品。 小渡烏和左手告訴溫可普，奧拉帕荷族人在保留區裡，找不到野牛或者其他野獸可獵，他們又害怕派狩獵隊回到堪薩斯的野牛群那邊去。他們或許已經聽到齊維頓最近對軍隊所下的命令：你們遇到印第安人，一律格殺不論。溫可普便發口糧給他們。 溫可普對印第安人的友善處置，立刻就引起科羅拉多和堪薩斯軍方當局的不快。由於他沒有奉准，便把印第安人酋長們帶到丹佛市而遭受申誡，而且由於縱容印第安人在萊歐恩堡管理事情被責，十一月五日，齊維頓科羅拉多義勇軍第三團的一位軍官安東尼少校，帶了命令抵達萊歐恩堡，接替溫可普出任堡區指揮官。 安東尼的頭一批命令之一，便是不發奧拉帕荷族人的口糧，要求他們繳呈武器。他們繳給他三枝步槍、一枝手槍、六十張弓和箭。幾天以後，一批無武裝的奧拉帕荷族人抵達堡區，用他們的野牛皮來交換配給品時，安東尼下令衛兵向他們開槍，印第安人轉身就跑時，他哈哈大笑。向手下的一名士兵說道：他們已經使他煩夠了，這是唯一擺脫他們的辦法。 在沙溪紮營的賽安族人，從奧拉帕荷族人那裡，聽說一個不友好的、紅眼睛、小個子大兵酋長，已經接任了他們朋友溫可普的職務。在鹿兒發情月（十一月）的月中，黑鍋和一小批賽安族人，啟程到了堡區來見這位新大兵酋長。他的眼睛紅通通的（由於壞血病所致），但卻假裝得很夠朋友。安東尼和黑鍋會晤時，在場的好幾位軍官，事後都證實，安東尼要賽安族人放心，如果他們回到沙溪的紮營地去，就會受到萊歐恩堡的保護。他也告訴他們，族裡的小伙子也可以東去煙山獵野牛，一直到他奉得陸軍的准許，把冬季口糧發給他們為止。 黑鍋對安東尼的話很高興，說他和賽安族其他酋長，一直在想更往堪薩斯的遠南面遷移，他們覺得離開大兵會安全些，可是安東尼少校的話，使他們覺得在沙溪安全了，這個冬天他們會待在那裡。 賽安族代表離開後，安東尼便命令左手和小渡烏解散他們在萊歐恩堡附近的營地，告訴他們：去獵野牛養活你們自己去。奧拉帕荷族人被他這種粗魯而恐慌起來，便收拾行裝拔營離開。他們遠遠離開堡區視線以外，奧拉帕荷族這兩股人便分開來；左手帶著族人到沙溪去和賽安族人在一起；小渡烏則帶了自己的部落渡過阿肯色河南下，他不信任那位紅眼大兵酋長。 這時，安東尼向上司報告，有一股印第安人在本堡區六十五公里以內在我獲得援兵以前，我將設法使印第安人平平靜靜。 十一月二十六日，堡區貿易販灰毯史密士，請求准許他赴沙溪作牛皮交易，安東尼少校非等尋常地很合作。他撥給史密士一輛陸軍的救護大車拖運貨物，而且還派一名御手科羅拉多騎兵團的拉都貝克一等兵前往。如果沒有半點兒什麼事情，可以哄印第安人有安全感，使他們紮營在原來的地方；那麼，一位營區貿易販和一位陸軍的和平代表，應該辦得到這點了。 二十四小時後，安東尼說過他攻擊印第安人所需要的增援部隊，到達了萊歐恩堡。他們是齊維頓上校科羅拉多各團的六百名官兵，其中大部分是第三團的人馬。第三團是伊凡斯總督所成立，唯一的目的就是打印第安人。前衛部隊一到堡區，便把全堡團團圍住，禁止任何人離開，違令的人處死刑。大約在同一時刻，由二十名騎兵組成的一個分遣隊，也到達了堡東幾公里處威廉彭特的農場，把彭特住宅包圍，禁止任何人出入。彭特兩個二轉子的兒子喬治和查禮，和他的二轉子女婿格瑞里，正在沙漠和賽安族人一起宿營。 齊維頓騎馬到了萊歐恩堡的軍官宿舍，安東尼少校熱烈迎迓。齊維頓便開始談到收集頭皮和涉過血塊這些話。安東尼的答覆是他一直等著一次大好機會，對他們來一次猛烈攻擊。而萊歐恩堡的每一個人，都迫不及待要參加齊維頓痛剿印第安人的遠征。 然而，安東尼麾下的軍官，並不是個個都迫不及待，或者願意加入齊維頓策畫周密的屠殺。索爾上尉、凱瑞謀中尉和康諾中尉便提出抗議，認為對黑鍋和平的營地施加攻擊，違反了溫可普和安東尼兩個人給予印第安人的安全保證，在字面上，無論哪一方面來說，那都是一種謀殺。任何參與其事的軍官，都會侮辱陸軍的制服。 齊維頓對他們勃然大怒，拳頭伸到了凱瑞謀中尉的面前。任何同情印第安人的人都該死！他叫道：我來就是要殺印第安人，在上帝的天空下面，用任何方法來殺印第安人，都要認為是正大光明的事。 索爾、凱瑞謀和康諾必須參加這次出征，否則的話，就要遭軍法審判。但他們悄悄兒決議，除開是自衛，不命令手下的官兵向印第安人開槍。 十一月二十八日晚上八點鐘，齊維頓的部隊，成四行縱隊出發，加上安東尼的各騎兵連，人數一共有七百多人。四門彈重五公斤半的山炮，隨著騎兵出發，夜空星光燦爛，晚風帶來了降霜的嚙骨寒意。 齊維頓徵了一個黑白混血兒，年高六十九歲的貝克吳茲作嚮導，他和印第安人住在一起已有五十年了。符犢貝克吳茲想辭退這份活兒，可是齊維頓威脅他，這老頭兒倘若拒絕引導大軍到賽安族和奧拉帕荷族的營地裡去，就要把他吊死。 部隊在進行時，事實很明顯，貝克吳茲的昏花老眼和周身風濕的骨頭，用他來當嚮導非常危險。在接近泉底時，齊維頓停了下來，下令到一處農舍裡，把一個農場漢從床上拖起來，擔任貝克吳茲的嚮導工作。這個農場漢是羅伯彭特，是威廉彭特的大兒子，彭特這三個一半賽安族的兒子，馬上就要在沙溪聚在一起了。 賽安族的營地在沙溪北部一處馬蹄形河灣內，是一片幾近乾涸的溪床。黑鍋的錐幕在村落的中央，白羚和戰帽的族民在西邊，東邊略略與賽安族分開的，是左手的奧拉帕荷族營地。在溪灣中的印第安人，一共有六百多人，三分之二是婦孺，大部份戰士都在東面幾公里以外，為了營地在獵野牛，這也是安東尼少校對他們的指示。 印第安人對安全有十分的信心，除開關在溪下游的馬群以外，都沒有夜間的守望。他們大約在日出時分，有了攻擊的第一次警報平坦沙洲上萬蹄踐踏的擂鼓聲。我正睡在帳篷裡，格瑞里說：起先，我聽見一些女人在外面說，有好大一批野牛進入營地來了，別的女人說，他們是一批大兵嘛。格瑞里立刻到外面，朝灰毯史密士的帳篷跑過去。 睡在同一帶地區的喬治彭特說，當時他還睡在毛毯裡，聽到了喊叫聲，人們在營地裡到處奔跑的囂雜聲。在溪下游，一大批騎兵部隊正以快步急馳前進看見有更多的士兵，奔向營地南面的印第安人馬群；在營地裡亂成一團，男男女女和小孩，都只穿了一部分衣服從帳篷裡跑出來，女人和小孩一眼望到大兵，都厲聲尖叫起來，男人跑回帳篷裡去拿武器我朝酋長錐幕望過去，只見黑鍋把一面好大的美國國旗，綁在一根長長的帳篷桿上，他人站在帳篷前面，手持著那根長帳桿兒，國旗在冬天拂曉的灰濛濛光亮中迎風飄展。我聽見他向族人喊叫不要害怕，大兵不會傷害他們；就在這時，騎兵從營地的兩面開槍射擊。 這時，年輕的格瑞里，已經和灰毯史密士和一等兵拉都貝克聚在貿易販的帳篷裡。拉都貝克提議，我們應該出去同騎兵會合。我們開始出去，還沒有走出帳篷邊，就看見士兵開始下馬，我想他們是炮手，準備炮轟營地。我還沒有說話，他們就用步槍開始射擊起來。我一看已沒法子到他們那裡，就衝了出去，離開了那名士兵和史密士。 拉都貝克停了一會兒，可是史密士卻一直朝騎兵們跑過去。打死那他媽的老婊子養的！一名士兵大叫：他和印第安人是一號貨色。在第一批散散落落的射擊中，史密士和拉都貝克轉身朝自己帳篷裡跑。史密士的二轉子兒子傑克和查禮彭特早已在那裡採取掩蔽了。 這時，賽安族好幾百婦女和兒童，都聚集在黑鍋大旗的四周圍了，從白羚營地裡有更多的婦孺過來，到了這片乾溪床上。話又得說回來了，格林伍德上校不是告訴過黑鍋嗎？只要美國國旗在他們頭上飛揚，就不會有大兵向他開槍。白羚已是七十五歲的老頭兒了，日晒風吹，已是滿臉皺紋，他手無寸鐵，大踏步向大兵前走去。他依然懷得有信心，只要大兵們一看到黑鍋這時舉起的美國國旗和白旗，就會立刻停止射擊。 騎在齊維頓上校旁邊的符犢貝克吳茲，看見白羚走近前。他跑出來迎接這支部隊，貝克吳茲後來作證說道：他舉起兩隻手，說道：停！stop!他和我一樣說的是平平常常的英語。他兩手交抱地站住了，一直到被槍打翻倒地。 賽安族中那次倖得生還的人說，白羚臨死以前唱出了喪歌： 沒有一樣活得地久天長， 唯有那大地，唯有高山。 在奧拉帕荷族營地的方向，左手同他的族人也想到黑鍋的大旗這裡來。他看到了騎兵，就站在那裡，兩臂交抱，說他不同白人打仗，因為他們是他的朋友，也被槍擊中倒地了。 不情不願和齊維頓上校騎馬同來的羅伯彭特，說到他們見到營地在望時：我看見那面美國國旗在揮舞，聽到黑鍋告訴印第安人，都站在那面大旗的四周，他們就紛紛擠在那裡男男女女和小孩兒都有，這時我們距離印第安人不到五十公尺。我也見到舉起了一面白旗，這這兩面旗幟的位置非常顯眼，不應該會看不到。騎兵一開槍，印第安人就奔散，有些男人往自己錐幕裡跑，或許是去拿武器我想那裡一共六百個印第安人；我以為有三十五名勇士和一些老頭兒，約摸著一共是六十個男人其餘的男人都已經離開營地，打獵槍聲一響，戰士們就把婦孺集中在一起，環繞在外面來保護他們。我看見五名婦女在一處河岸下躲著，騎兵走到跟前時，她們就跑出來，顯出她們的身軀，讓大兵知道她們是婦女，向他們求饒，可是士兵把她們統統開槍打死了。我又看見一個女人躺在河邊，腿已經被炮彈打斷；一名抽出騎刀的士兵走近劈了下去，她舉起胳臂來擋，把手臂砍斷了；她翻轉身舉起另一隻胳膊擋第二刀，又砍斷了，然後不把她殺死就走了。似乎是對男男女女和小孩，不分青紅皂白的屠戮。一個坑裡，躲了三四十個婦女在掩護自己，她們派了個六歲大女孩兒，帶著一根桿子上的白旗。還沒有走到幾步遠，就被一槍打中死了，那坑裡的女人以後全都死了，坑外面死了四五個男人，印第安女人都沒有抵抗。我所見到的死人，都給割掉了頭皮。我看見一個女人，就給開了膛，據我想，躺在她旁邊的是個還沒有生下來的娃娃，後來索爾上尉也告訴我這是事實。我看到白羚的屍體，生殖器給割掉了，我聽見一個士兵說，他要用這個去做一個菸草袋兒。我看見一個女人，她的私處也給割掉了我看見一個小女孩兒，大約只有五歲光景，她藏在沙裡；兩個士兵發現了她，抽出手槍朝她開槍，抓住她手臂從沙裡拖了出來。我看見好些個還抱著的小娃娃，同他們的媽媽一起死了。 （在這次屠殺前不久，齊維頓上校在丹佛市一次公開演說中，鼓吹殺掉所有印第安人和割掉他們的頭皮，甚至連小娃娃在內，他說：蝨子蛋會變蝨子！） 羅伯彭特對士兵暴行的敘述，得到康諾中尉的確證：第二天我巡視戰場，沒見到有一個男人、女人、或者小孩的屍體，不是被割掉頭皮的；有很多情形，他們的屍體都受到最可怖方式的殘害男男女女和小孩的生殖器給割掉了，我聽見一個人說，他割掉了一個女人的私處，把它放在根棍子上展覽。我又聽見一個人說，他把一個印第安人的幾個手指頭切斷，來拿到手上的幾個指環，根據本人所知道的、所深信的、所犯的這些暴行，齊維頓都知情，而我並不曉得他採取了任何措施加以阻止。我聽到有一樁事情，一個才幾個月大的小娃娃，給摔進一輛大車的飼料槽裡，載了一段距離後，把他留在地上讓他死掉。我又聽說有很多情形，士兵割下女人的私處，把它攤在馬鞍的判官頭上；騎馬在隊伍中行進時，戴在他們的帽子上。 一個有訓練、紀律良好的騎兵團，差不多毫無疑問，可以把沙溪沒有還手之力的印第安人全部消滅掉。可是這個科羅拉多騎兵團缺乏紀律，再加上夜行軍途中猛喝威士忌酒，怯懦，槍法奇差，才得以使很多印第安人逃掉了性命。有一批賽安族人，在乾溪高岸的下面挖了散兵坑，一直挺守到天黑。還有些人一個一個地，或者三五成群地越過了平原。到槍聲平息時，印第安人一百零五名婦孺和二十八個男人都死了。齊維頓在他的正式報告中，宣稱打死的戰士在四百人到五百人之間。他的損失是死了九個，傷了三十八個，很多人傷亡都是由於士兵輕率開槍自己打自己所致。打死的酋長中有白羚、獨眼和戰帽，黑鍋由於跑進一處溪溝裡，奇蹟地死裡逃生，可是他的妻子受了重傷。左手雖然被槍打翻，卻設法活了下來。 這場戰鬥終了時，一共有七名俘虜史密士的賽安族妻子，萊歐恩堡另一個白人平民的妻子和三個子女，還有兩個二轉子男孩，傑克史密士和查禮彭特。士兵們要打死這個二轉子男孩，因為他們穿著印第安人的衣服。老符犢貝克吳茲把查禮彭特藏在一輛大車裡，同一個負傷的軍官在一起，後來轉交給他哥哥羅伯彭特，可是貝克吳茲卻救不了傑克史密士的命；這孩子當成俘虜拘留著時，一名士兵從帳篷洞裡開槍把這個貿易販的兒子打死了。 彭特的第三個兒子喬治，在這場戰鬥一開始，就和查禮分散。他和那些在溪側高岸上挖坑據守的賽安族人在一起。我們這一批人剛剛到達這裡，他說道：一發子彈擊中我的臀部，把我打翻，但我還是設法子滾進一個坑裡，躺在戰士和婦孺中中間。天黑以後，倖存的人從這些坑裡爬出去。天氣酷寒，傷口上的血都凍結起來了，可是他們卻不敢舉火。他們心中唯一的念頭，便是向東逃到煙山，設法和戰士們在一起。那真是一次恐怖的行進，喬治彭特回憶說：我們大部分人都靠走路，沒有吃食，衣衫不全，還拖著婦女和小孩兒。在這八十公里的長途中，他們忍受著冰冷的寒風、饑餓、創傷的疼痛，但最後終於到達了狩獵營地。我們一走進營地，那場面真是慘極了，每一個人都在號啕大哭，甚至連戰士們都如此，女人和小孩更是哭聲淒厲，哀號不止。幾幾乎在那裡的每一個人，都損失了親人或者朋友，更有很多人悲慟得拿起自己的刀子割進身上，一直到血如泉湧。 喬治的傷口一復元，他立刻就首途回父親農場上去。他在家裡，從哥哥查禮那裡，聽到了大兵們在沙溪暴行更為仔細的情形恐怖的割頭皮、傷殘死體，屠戮小孩和嬰兒等等。經過幾天後，兩兄弟都同意，做一個二轉子，他們不要白人文明的這一部分。他們唾棄父親的血統，悄悄地離開了農場。同查禮一起走的，還有母親黃女，她發誓絕不再跟白人一起生活，他們往北去加入賽安族人。 這時是正月奇冷月，傳統上賽安族人都在他們的錐幕裡燒起熊熊的火，在漫長的晚上說著故事，睡到早上很晏才起床。可是這時卻很不妙，沙溪大屠殺的消息傳遍了大平原，賽安族人、奧拉帕荷族人和蘇族人的快腿，帶著訊息來回不絕，要求向犯了謀殺的白人出兵報仇。黃女和年輕的彭特兄弟，抵達了共和江上的親戚處時，賽安族人獲得了成千上萬同情盟族的支持，蘇族中，斑尾酋長的燃燒部落，調情殺手酋長的阿格拉勒部落，和北奧拉帕荷族的各大部落。不肯到沙溪去的賽安族狗兵部落（這時的首領是高熊）也在那裡，還有羅馬鼻和追隨他的年輕戰士們。賽安族人在哀悼死者時，各族的首領抽著作戰的長菸斗，策畫他們的戰略。 在沙溪那瘋狂的幾小時中，賽安族和奧拉帕荷族要與白人保持和平的每一個首領的生命或者權力，都被齊維頓和麾下官兵消滅掉了。死裡逃生的印第安人逃了出來，就拋棄了黑鍋和左手，轉而跟隨作戰的酋領們，以拯救他們免於被人斬盡殺絕。 也就在這一段時期，美國官員也正要求，對伊凡斯總督和齊維頓上校進行一次調查，雖然他們一定知道，要避免與印第安人的全面戰爭，已經太遲了；他們還是派了符犢貝克吳茲作特使，到黑鍋那裡去，看看有沒有一絲和平的可能。 貝克吳茲找到了賽安族人，可是馬上就知道了，黑鍋已經和少數的親人和老頭兒，漂泊到外處的什麼地方去了，現在的首領是水腿。 我到水腿的帳篷裡去，貝克吳茲說道：我一走進去，他便站起身來說：符犢子呀，你來這兒有什麼貴事呀，你帶來了白人再把我們這些家一網殺盡嗎？我告訴他，來是為了跟他談談，把你們的會議人員找來吧。一會兒以後他們就來了，要曉得為了什麼而來。我就告訴他們，勸他們同白人締和，因為他們人數眾多，就像樹上的葉子一樣。我們知道，這是開會首領的一致回答：可是我們要活著為了什麼呢？白人拿走了我們的家園，殺掉了我們所有的野獸；這還不滿意，還要殺死我們的妻子，我們的兒女。現在沒有和平了，我們要去，同我們的家人在靈地上會面。我們原來喜歡白人，一直到發現他們向我們說謊，把我們所有的都打劫掉。我們已經舉起戰斧了，至死方休。 他們然後又問我，為什麼我帶了軍隊到沙溪，把那帶地區指給他們看。我告訴他們，如果我不去的話，白人酋長早把我絞死了。去吧，同你的白人哥哥待在一起吧，可是我們要作戰，打到死為止。我服從了這些命令，樂意就此不擔任這項角色了。 一八六五年元月，賽安族、奧拉帕荷族和蘇族的聯盟，沿著普拉特河發動了一連串的突襲。他們攻擊篷車隊、驛車車站和軍方的小哨站。他們火攻燒掉了約爾斯堡鎮，割掉了守鎮白人的頭皮，以報復沙溪印第安人頭皮被割。他們割掉數以公里計的電線，在普拉特大道上上下下實施攻擊、搶劫，阻擋住了一切的交通和補給。在丹佛市，開始呈現出糧食短缺的恐慌。 戰士們回到共和江上大樹林的冬營中時，他們開了一次盛大的舞蹈會，慶祝他們復仇的第一次出擊。大雪覆蓋了大平原，可是酋長們都知道，大兵們帶了他們大聲吼叫的大炮，就要從四面八方行軍到達了。舞蹈還在進行時，酋長們就召開了一次會議，決定他們該到哪裡去，以躲過追擊的大兵。黑鍋也在場，他主張南下，在堪薩斯河更南的地方，那裡夏天長，野牛充足。大多數酋長卻主張北上，渡過普拉特河，同粉河一帶地區的親人會合在一起。沒有大兵膽敢進入蘇族提塔部落和賽安族的大根據地。會議結束前，聯盟各族同意派快腿到粉河地區去，通知各族說他們來了。 然而，黑鍋卻不要去，有四百多賽安族人一部分都是老頭兒、婦女和少數重傷的戰士同意追隨他南下。在拔營出發的最後一天前，喬治彭特向她母親族人這一批最後的遺民道別。我在各處錐幕中走過，同黑鍋和所有朋友握手。這些黑鍋手下的錐幕，向堪薩斯河以南搬家，同南奧拉帕荷族、基厄威族和堪馬奇族住在一起去。 賽安族人和大約三千名蘇族人、奧拉帕荷族人（包括了黃女和彭特兄弟）向北遷移，逃進一片他們沒有幾個人曾經見過的地區。沿途，他們和從拉瑞密堡出發的大兵打過幾仗，可是聯盟的兵力，對大兵是太強大了，印第安人把他們掃蕩，就當他們是想撲咬一大群野牛的山狗。 他們抵達粉河地區時，南賽安族人受到了同族的北賽安族人歡迎。南賽安人穿的是布毯和布裹腿，都是同白人交易而來，認為北賽安人穿著野牛皮衣和鹿皮裹腿，看起來很蠻。北賽安人用染紅的鹿皮條，紮住他們分辮子的頭髮，頭戴老鴉毛，說話用了好多蘇族語，使得南賽安族人很不容易懂。北賽安族人的一位首領晨星，他同蘇族人生活、打獵打得太長久了，幾幾乎每一個人都叫他蘇族名字鈍刀。 起先，南賽安人的營地在粉河邊，離北賽安人營地有八百公尺遠，可是來來去去太頻繁了，他們立刻決定在一起紮營，按照古時部落圈圈豎起錐幕，一族族人集合在一起。打從那時候起，賽安族人的南人和北人，就可以小小交談了。 一八六五年春天，他們把馬兒趕到舌頭河可以好好啃青時，就在紅雲酋長的蘇族阿格拉勒部落附近紮營。南方來的賽安族人，從沒見過有這麼多的印第安人紮營在一起，一共有八千多人，日日夜夜都是打獵、節慶、宴會和舞蹈。彭特後來談到，使一個蘇族人怕馬郎成了賽安族人的彎槍部落一員。這一點顯示，當時蘇族人和賽安族人多麼密切。 雖然各族有各族的族規和習慣，這些印第安人卻以人想到自己，對自己的力量有信心，確信自己有隨意生活的權利。入侵的白人，已在達科塔東部和沿南部普拉特河一帶，向他們挑釁，可是他們準備好迎接這一切搦戰。大神生下了白人和印第安人，紅雲說：我認為他先生印第安人，他生我在這片土地上，它就屬於我。白人生在大水的那面，他的土地在那兒。自從他們渡過海來，我已經給了他們容身的所在。而現在，四面八方全都是白人，我只剩下了一丁點兒土地了，大神告訴我要守住它。 在整個春季中，印第安人都派出探馬隊，沿著普拉特河下去，監視那些警戒著大道和電報線的大兵。探馬報告說，有遠比平常更多的大兵，有些正沿著波茲曼故道悄悄北上，穿過粉河地區。紅雲和其他首領決定，這是給大兵一個教訓的時機；要在他們最北面的一點白人管它叫普拉特橋站的地方，加以攻擊。 因為南方來的賽安族戰士要為在沙溪被屠殺的親人復仇，便請了他們大部分隨同這支部隊遠征。由彎槍部落的酋長羅馬鼻擔任指揮，同時去的還有紅雲、鈍刀、怕馬叟。這支編成的作戰隊伍幾幾乎有戰士三千人，其中就有彭特兄弟，擦彩著裝去打仗。 七月二十四日，他們到達了俯瞰普拉特河橋的山岡上，橋樑的那一端便是那處營站一處寨子，驛車車站，和電報局，寨子裡大約有一百來名大兵。酋長們用望遠鏡窺探了這處地方以後，便決定要把橋燒斷，在下游淺灘涉水渡河，然後對寨子展開圍攻。但是最先他們得把大兵誘出寨來，儘可能多多殺掉。 那天下午去了十名戰士，可是大兵們並不出寨。第二天早晨，又派了一批到橋上去引誘大兵出來，但他們並不出來太遠。到第三天早晨，出乎印第安人的意料以外，有一排騎兵整隊出堡，渡過河橋，以輕快步轉向西馳。幾秒鐘內，好幾百名蘇族人和賽安族人跨上馬匹，從山坡上蜂湧而下，直撲向這批藍軍服。當我們衝進騎兵中時，喬治彭特說：我看見一位騎著騮馬的軍官，在濃密的灰塵和硝煙中，打從我前面竄過。他的坐騎跑了開去這位中尉前額上中了一箭，血流滿面。（這位受了致命重傷的軍官是柯林斯中尉。）只有少數幾個騎兵逃掉了，一個步兵排跑到了橋上前來救援，堡上的火炮也開炮轟擊遠處的印第安人。 戰鬥正在進行時，依然在山頭上的一些印第安人，發現這些騎兵出堡的原因了，他們馳去迎接從西面來的一個大車車隊。幾分鐘內，印第安人就把車隊團團圍住，可是大兵在車底下挖坑據守，頑固應戰。這場作戰剛開始幾分鐘內，羅馬鼻的弟弟就被打死了。羅馬鼻一聽到這個消息，為了報仇而憤怒起來。他呼叫所有賽安族人準備來一次衝鋒。我們要使大兵的槍打光子彈！他放聲大叫。羅馬鼻戴著他那頂法帽，挽著盾牌，知道沒有一顆槍子兒能擊中他。他率領了賽安族人環繞著車隊成一個圓圈，他們抽著坐騎，跑得飛快，這一圈兒人馬緊緊逼近大車時，大兵們一下子把槍裡的子彈都打光了，這時賽安族人就向著大車直撲過去，把大兵統統殺死。他們在大車車內的發現非常失望；車隊中什麼都沒有，只有大兵的床單床墊和廚房的櫃子。 那天晚上在營地裡，紅雲和其他酋長決定，他們已經教訓大兵們畏懼印第安人的力量。所以他們就回到粉河地區，希望白人現在能遵照勒瑞密堡條約，在沒有獲得允許以前，不再悄悄向普拉特河以北的印第安人地區中進兵。 這時，黑鍋和南賽安族最後的孑遺族民，已經遷到了阿肯色河以南，同小渡烏的奧拉帕荷族會合在一起。小渡烏這時已經聽說沙溪的屠殺，為在那裡死去的親友悲慟。在這個夏天（一八六五年），他們的獵手在阿肯色河南面，只發現了少數野牛，可是卻害怕往北面回去，那一帶在煙山和共和江中間，正有大批的野牛啃青。 夏季終了，快腿和信差從四面八方來到，尋找黑鍋和小渡烏。突然他們很重要起來了，一些白人的官員，自華府跋涉長途來尋找賽安族和奧拉帕荷族，告訴他們，大家長和大會議都很同情他們，政府官員想要締結一個新的條約。 雖則賽安族和奧拉柏荷族，都已經給驅出了科羅拉多，移民們正在聲稱他們土地的權利，但似乎這些土地的所有權還不分明。根據老的條約，可以證明丹佛市本身，就是建築在賽安族和奧拉帕荷族的土地上。政府要求所有印第安人在科羅拉多的一切土地權利失效，好讓白人居民確定，一度他們曾經宣稱有權的土地，屬於他們所有。 黑鍋和小渡烏不同意同這些官官兒見面，一直到他們從小白人威廉彭特那裡得到了消息。他告訴他們，他曾經勸說美國政府，要把煙山與共和江之間的野牛區，永久給與印第安人；可是政府不肯，因為一條驛車大道，後來還有一條鐵路要經過這一帶，會帶來更多的移民。賽安族和奧拉帕荷族不得不住在阿肯色河以南的地區。 在乾草月，黑鍋和小渡烏在小阿肯色河河口，和這些官員會晤。這些官官兒中，印第安人見過兩位訂約人士黑鬍鬚沙朋和白鬍鬚哈芮。他們認為沙朋是個朋友，