Chapter 7 6. Red Cloud War

one eight six six On March 27, President Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act.On April 1, Congress rejected the President's veto of the Civil Rights Act, granting equal rights to all born in the country (excluding Indians); the President authorized the use of the Army to enforce the law.On June 13th, Article 13 of the U.S. Constitution was amended to grant citizenship to blacks, which was passed on to the states for ratification.On June 21, a cholera epidemic hit London, killing hundreds of people.On July 30, race riots broke out in New Orleans.Siemens invents the electric motor.Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment and the American Poet Shetty Urschefon are published.

1867 On February 9, Nebraska joined the Union as the thirty-seventh state.On February 17, the first ship passed through the Suez Canal.On March 12, the last French troops left Mexico.On March 30, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.In London on May 20, the British Parliament rejected Mill's proposal to grant women the right to vote.On June 19, the Mexicans executed Emperor Maximilian.On July 1, the Dominion of Canada was established.On October 27, Garibaldi marched into Rome.On November 25, a congressional subcommittee decided that President Johnson should be impeached for his high crimes and corrupt conduct.Nobel invented dynamite.Hughes made the first practical typewriter.Strauss for the Blue Danube; Max Capital's first published.

This time the war did not start on our land, but was brought by the children of the Great God. They came here and took away our land without paying the price. These people are also on our land, doing a lot of evil. Peace and safety It has always been our wish to live on our land and do things that are beneficial and well-being for our common people.But the Great God has filled the land with soldiers, and the only thing they want is to kill us.Some of our people have gone from here, for perhaps some change, and some have gone north to hunt, and have been attacked by soldiers from that direction, and they have been north, and have been attacked by soldiers from the other direction; and now they Wishing to come back, the soldiers stood in the way and prevented them from returning home.In my opinion, there is a much better way than this.When people are in trouble, it is better for both sides to come together, without arms, and discuss the matter thoroughly, and find some peaceful way to settle it.

Sioux Burning Tribe Bartail Chief In the late summer and fall of 1865, as the Indians displayed their military might in the Powder River region, a U.S. government treaty subcommittee was sailing up the Upper Missouri River.At each Sioux village near the river, the commissioners stopped to hold a meeting with any chief they could find.Emmonds, who was recently appointed governor of the Dakotas, is the main promoter of this committee, and the other member is the high businessman Seaborough, who was the man who drove the Sioux Sandy tribe out of Minnesota three years ago. .They distributed blankets, molasses, biscuits, and other gifts to the Indians wherever they visited, and there was no difficulty in persuading these hosts to sign a new treaty.They also sent Quick Legs into Black Hills and Powder River, inviting the war chiefs to come and sign, but those chiefs were busy fighting Connor's invading troops, and no one responded.

In the spring of that year, the white civil war had come to an end, and the bits and pieces of the whites who had migrated westward had grown into a torrent.All these commissioners wanted was the right of way through trails, highways, and ultimately a railroad across Indian territory. By the end of the fall, the commissioners had completed nine treaties with the Sioux including the Burning, Hank Baba, Agrale and Miniconyo tribes, most of whose warrior chiefs were not in the villages along the Missouri River .Government authorities in Washington celebrated these treaties as the end of Indian hostilities.They said that the Plains Indians had finally been comforted, and that there would be no need for Connor's expensive campaigns like the Powder River March. The formation of that march cost millions of gold dollars each time to destroy the Indians. Hundreds of officers and soldiers died, many of our frontier residents were slaughtered, and most of our property was wiped out.

It was well understood by Governor Emmonds and the other commissioners that these treaties were meaningless, since none of the war chiefs had signed them.While the committee forwarded copies to Washington for Congressional ratification, it continued its efforts to mobilize the other chiefs of the Red Cloud and Powder River districts to meet with them and sign further treaties at any convenient location.Since Bozeman Road was the most important route from Fort Lerime to Montana, military officials in the Fort were under heavy pressure to persuade Red Cloud and other war chiefs to end their blockade of the road and Come to Castle Larimer.

Colonel Meredith was ordered to be dispatched to Fort Lerimy as a commander of each of the fake regiments of the Northern Army, and he really wanted to ask someone Red Cloud could trust, like Blanket Bridge, or Foo Baker Wooz as an intermediary , but not long after Kangnuo invaded and aroused the anger of all ethnic groups, no one wanted to go to the Powder River area.In the end, Meredith decided to use five Sioux as couriers, who spent most of their time around the castle area, Big Mouth, Big Rib, Eaglefoot, Whirlwind and Little Crow.When it comes to these people, people look down on them, calling them vagrants from Fort Lerime. In fact, these Indians who do business are really shrewd entrepreneurs.If a white man wants to get a first-class buffalo coat cheaply; or an Indian going up the Tongue River wants to get some supplies from the Fort Market, these vagrants of Fort Lerime come to arrange this. kind of transaction.They would also play an important role in the Indian arms supply in the Red Cloud War.

Dazui and his group went out for two months, spreading the news that if the war chiefs went to Fort Lerime to sign a new treaty, there would be beautiful gifts waiting for them.On June 6, 1866, the messengers returned, along with two impoverished factions of the Burning Horde, led by Standing Moose and Quick Bear.Li Mo said that his people lost a lot of horses in a heavy snowstorm, and wild animals were very rare in Gonghe River area.Madaratail, leader of the Burning Horde, will come as soon as his coughing daughter can travel.Li Mo and Kuaixiong couldn't wait to sign a contract to receive food and clothing for their people.

But what happened to Hongyun?Colonel Meredy needs to know this: where are the chiefs who fought with Connor's troops, Red Cloud, Fear of Mahan, Blunt Knife?The vagrants of Big Mouth and Lerime Castle reassured him that these Warchieftains would be coming soon, and they couldn't come too soon, especially in the Cold Moon. A few weeks passed, and then, in early March, a messenger from the Madarao faction arrived to inform Colonel Meredith that the Chief of the Burning Horde was coming to discuss treaty matters with him.Madarabi's daughter Flying Legs is very ill, and he hopes that the soldier's medical officer will heal her again.A few days later, when Meredith heard that Skitter had died on the way, he rode out of the castle with a company of soldiers and an ambulance cart to meet the mourners of the Burning Horde.It was a cold, rainy and snowy day, and the mountains of Wyoming were bleak, the streams were frozen, and the brown hills were covered with patches of white snow.The dead girl was wrapped in a buckskin, fastened tightly with leather straps, and embalmed with smoke; the rough body bag hung between her two white mustangs, which she loved.

Flying Foot's body was loaded onto the ambulance wagon, with two white horses tied behind it, and the funeral procession continued on to Fort Lerime.When Madarao and his party arrived at the fort area, Colonel Meredith lined up with all the officers and men of the fort to meet the mourning Indians. The colonel invited Madarao to his regiment headquarters to express his condolences for the loss of his daughter.The chief said that when the whites and Indians lived in peace, he had brought his daughter to Fort Lerime many times. She liked the fort area very much, and he also hoped that her bier would be placed in the camp cemetery.Colonel Meredy agreed at once, to his amazement, seeing the tears in Spottail's eyes, which he did not know an Indian could cry.The colonel somewhat reluctantly changed the subject. This spring, the patriarchs of Washington sent a new peace team. He hoped that the zebras would stay near the Fort until the team arrived to make Bozeman It is very urgent to travel on the old road safely.As far as I know, there will be plenty of travel next spring, said the Colonel: to the mines of Idaho and Montana.

When we think about it now, we have been very wrong and very wrong, Madarao replied: We have made many roads on our land, so we have caused damage, misfortune, buffalo and wild beasts, and we are entitled to claim compensation.My heart is very sad, I can't formally discuss it yet, I will wait here until the counselor sent by the parents arrives. Meredith arranged a military burial for the flying feet the next day, and just before sunset the funeral procession marched behind an artillery ammunition wagon carrying a red-carpeted coffin to the cemetery.According to the custom of the Burning Tribe, several women carried the coffin on the bier, covered it with a piece of freshly peeled buffalo hide, and tied it with leather ropes.The sky was dark, the wind and rain were tightening, and the snow and graupel fell with the dusk.At a single order, the soldiers marched forward in unison, fired three rows of shots in a row, and then they and the Indians walked back to the camp as a whole.An artillery squad remained at the bier all night, lighting a great campfire of pine logs, and firing a howitzer every half hour until daybreak. Four days later, Hongyun and a large group of people from the Sioux Agrale tribe suddenly appeared outside the fort area.They stop first at Madarao's camp, where the two titan leaders have a happy reunion.At this moment Colonel Meredith came out of the castle with a retinue of soldiers, and greeted them to his regimental headquarters with a great drum band. Meredith told Red Cloud that the new Peace Council had not been able to arrive at Fort Lerime for several weeks, and the chief of Agrala was furious.Dazui and other messengers told him that as long as he came to sign the treaty, he would receive gifts.What he needed urgently were guns, powder, and provisions.Meredith replied that he could distribute food from the army storehouse to the visiting Agrales, but he had no right to distribute guns and gunpowder.Hong Yun wanted to know what kind of treaty this was for other people. They had signed many treaties before, but it seemed that the Indians always gave to the whites. This time, the whites had to give something to the Indians. Meredith remembered that Taylor, the chairman of the signing subcommittee, was still in Omaha, so he suggested that Red Cloud send a telegram to Taylor.Hong Yun was very skeptical, he didn't really believe in the magic power of this talking wire.After some delay, it was agreed to go with the colonel to the Fort Telephone Office, where an interpreter dictated a message to the Patriarchal Peace and Friendship Advisors of Omaha. Commissioner Taylor’s report came out tick-tock-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-tick-ed: The patriarchs in Washington want all of you to be his friends and friends of the white people.If you conclude a peace treaty, he wishes to send gifts to you and your people as proof of his friendship.There is a train full of supplies and presents that will not reach Fort Lerime from the Missouri before the first of June; and he wishes to agree that his commissioners will meet and sign with you about that day. Hong Yun was deeply moved, and he also liked Colonel Meredy's candid attitude.But he couldn't wait until the green moon came to sign the treaty, which would bring him back to the Powder River and send a quick leg to all the scattered Sioux, Sai'an, and Orapaho tribes.It also gave the Indians time to collect more buffalo and sea otter hides for trade on their next visit to Fort Lerime. Meredith expressed his kindness to these departing Aglar tribes, and sent them a small amount of gunpowder and lead, and they rode away happily.Meredith didn't say a word about the opening of Bozeman's old road, and Hongyun didn't say anything about Fort Leroy, which was still trapped on the Powder River; these issues could be postponed until the treaty meeting. Hong Yun didn't wait for the green grass to grow. He returned to Fort Lerime in the middle of May, the month of horse shedding, and brought his big boss, Fear Mahan, and more than a thousand Aglales.Dull Knife brought several Cone Saiyans, and Hongye and his Burning Tribe arrived, and they formed a camp along the Platte River.The trading posts and hawkers are thriving.Dazui and a few homeless people from Fort Lerimi have never been so busy in terms of trade arrangements. A few days later, the peace commissioners arrived.On June 5, the formal process began, usually with long speeches by commissioners, Indian chiefs.Unexpectedly, Hong Yun asked to adjourn the meeting for a few days and asked them to wait until the Sioux Titas who asked to participate in the discussion arrived.Commissioner Taylor agreed and the meeting was adjourned until June 13th. As fate would have it, the thirteenth of June was also the day when Colonel Carrington and seven hundred officers and soldiers of the Eighteenth Infantry Regiment under his command arrived near Fort Lerime.Starting from Fort Killey, Nebraska, the regiment was ordered to open a series of forts along the old Bozeman Road in preparation for the frequent travels expected this summer into Montana.Although the expedition had been planned for several weeks, none of the Indians who had been invited to sign the contract knew anything about the military occupation of the Powder River area. In order to avoid friction with the 2,000 people who camped around Fort Lerime, Carrington sent his group of troops six and a half kilometers to the west of the fort to set up a moose, a chief of the Burning Horde. Winter arrived here, and when the soldiers were weaving the caravan into a hollow square, he saw it in a cone in the distance, and rode to this camp, and the guards took him to see Colonel Carrington.Carrington asked a guide in the regiment to act as an interpreter. After they went through the etiquette of smoking pouches, Li Mo asked bluntly, "Where are you going?" Carrington answered very frankly. He led the troops to the Powder River area to guard the road through Montana. At Fort Lerime, who was making a treaty with the Sioux in the area you were going to, Limo told him: If you go there, you will fight the Sioux warriors. Carrington said he was not out to fight the Sioux, but to serve as a guard on the road. They wouldn't sell the hunting grounds to the whites for a road, the Limo insisted: They wouldn't give you the road until you beat them.He added right away that he was the Burning Tribe, and that he and Bartail were friends with the whites, but the Agrale and Miniconyo tribes of Red Cloud beat any white man who came north of the Platte River. The departure of this regiment of blue uniforms, and its purpose, was known to every Indian at Fort Lerime before the next day's treaty proceedings.The next morning, Carrington rode into the fort, and Taylor, the treaty commissioner, decided to introduce him to the chiefs and quietly tell them what the chiefs already knew channel. As soon as Carrington began to speak, he was overwhelmed by a chorus of discontent from the Indians.When he resumed speaking, the Indian was still talking about himself, and began to walk restlessly up and down on the pine bench where they had assembled in the Fort playground.Carrington's interpreter suggested quietly that perhaps he should let the chiefs speak first. Fearing that Mahan would get on the podium, he made it clear while he was eloquent that if the soldiers marched into the Sioux area, his people would fight with them.He declared that in two moons the army would be left alone. At this time, it was Hong Yun's turn to speak. His brisk figure, covered with a light blanket and moccasin boots, walked to the middle of the podium.A head of black hair, parted in the middle, fell from the shoulders to the waist; the broad mouth under the aquiline nose was closed in a resolute incision; Eyes sparkle.He berated them for pretending to negotiate a territory when they were ready to seize it by conquest.The whites had pushed the Indians back year by year, he said: until we were forced to live in the little area north of the Platte River, which is now our last hunting ground and the home of the common people, but It will be taken from us again.Our women and children will starve to death, but as far as I am concerned, I would rather be killed than starve to death. The parents gave us gifts and asked for a new road.But the white chief didn't wait for the Indians to say yes or no, so he brought soldiers to steal the way!While the interpreters were still trying to translate the Sioux into English, the Indian audience was in chaos, and Commissioner Taylor abruptly ended the day's meeting.Red Cloud strode ahead of Carrington as if he wasn't there, and then across the field toward the Agrale tribal camp.Before dawn the next day, the Agrale tribe left Fort Lerimi. In the next few weeks, as Carrington's caravan traveled north along the old Bozeman Road, the Indians had a good opportunity to judge its size and strength.The two hundred caravans were fully loaded to the top pole of the caravan. Inside were harvesters, tile-making machines, stele-making machines, wooden doors, window frames, door locks, nails, wind band instruments for the twenty-four team members, rocking chairs, stirring machines, etc. Milk containers, canned goods, vegetable seeds; and the usual ammunition, gunpowder, and other military items.The blue uniform obviously expected to stay in the Powder River area, there were many large cars with wives and children, as well as all kinds of pets and servants.They were armed with old-fashioned muzzle-loading muskets, and a few breech-loading Spencer lances, supported by four more guns.As guides, they had the services of Blanket Bridge and Fool Baker Wooz, both of whom knew that the Indians were monitoring the daily progress of the convoy along the Powder River Pass. On June 28th, this group arrived at Fort Le Lo, taking over two companies of counterfeit Northern Army infantry. They were trapped in their fortress during the winter and spring, and they were actually prisoners.Carrington left about a quarter of the regiment in order to guard at Fort Leroy, and then moved north to search for a suitable camp for the regiment's headquarters.Along the Powder River and the Tongue River, in the Indian camps, hundreds of soldiers began to gather at this time, waiting on both sides of the army convoy. On the thirteenth of July, the column stopped at the intersection of Big Pine and Little Pine Creeks, in the center of a rich prairie, and near the pine-covered slopes of Big Horn Mountain, the best hunting ground for the Plains Indians, The blue uniforms set up military tents and began to build Fort Felkini. Three days later, a large number of Sai'an people approached the camp.Among the chiefs were Er Yue, Dark Horse, and Blunt Knife, but Blunt Knife was always behind the scenes, because the other chiefs scolded him severely, and signed a document allowing the soldiers to build the fort and open Powder River Passage.But Dull Knife insisted that he touched the pen at Castle Lerime in order to get a gift of blankets and ammunition, and he didn't know what was written on the paper.But the others chided him for doing it after Red Cloud had turned his back on the whites and despised their gifts, and gathered his warriors and despised them. Under the white flag, the Sai'an people arranged a meeting with the little white chief Carrington.Forty chieftains and warriors were allowed to visit the barracks.Carrington entertained them with uplifting military music, with the marching band he had brought all the way from Fort Killing, Nebraska.Blanket Bridge was also there, and the Indians knew that they couldn't fool Blanket, but they really tricked the little white chief into believing that they were here to negotiate peace.While the smoking pouches and opening speeches were going on, the chiefs looked at the soldiers' sabers. They were about to leave when Chief White aimed one of his howitzers at a hillock and fired a spherical shell at it.It blew up twice, and the black horse said with forced composure: the white chief blew it up once, and then the white chief's great god, for his white children, blew it up again. The power of the cannon impressed the Indian very much, just as Carrington had hoped, but he did not suspect that the black horse taunted him, speaking of the Great God firing it, and coming again for his white children. once.When the Sai'an people were about to leave, Chief Xiaobai gave them a few pieces of paper, saying that they had agreed to have eternal peace with the white people and all the travelers on the road, and they left.Within a few hours, the villages along the Tongue River and the Powder River all heard the news from the Sai'an people that this new castle area was too strong to be attacked without major losses.It was much easier for them to attack if they could lure the army out of the fort into the open ground. In the early morning of the next day, a group of Agrale tribesmen under Red Cloud drove away one hundred and seventy-five horses and mules from Carrington's herd.When the army rode in pursuit, the Indians lured them into a pursuit for twenty-four kilometers, causing the invading blue uniforms to take their first casualties in the Powder River area. From that day on, Chief Little White suffered a brutal guerrilla war throughout the summer of 1866.Of the numerous caravans passing by on the old Bozeman road, whether military or civilian, none of them was immune to the sudden attack.The escorting cavalry troops were scattered thinly, and the soldiers knew immediately that they would encounter a deadly ambush.The soldiers assigned to cut wood a few kilometers away from Fort Felkini were often and viciously harassed. As the summer wore on and the Indians established a supply base on the upper Powder River, it soon became clear that their grand strategy was to make travel on this road more and more difficult and dangerous; supplies, isolate them, and attack them. Hongyun is running around, and his allies are increasing day by day.The previous summer, Black Bear, the chief of the Orapaho tribe whose village had been destroyed by General Connor, informed Hong Yun that his soldiers were eager to join the battle; another chief of the Orapaho tribe, the Stallion, also brought his warriors. Join the alliance.Madarawei, who still hopes for peace, has gone to the Gonghe River area to hunt bison, but many warriors in his burning tribe have gone north to be with Hongyun.This summer, Sitting Bull was also there; later he also drew a picture of a clipped ear horse he had snatched from a white traveler on the Powder River Post Road.A young man from the Hanke Baba tribe also had the guts. He, a man named Longfeng from the Minikonyo tribe, and a young man named Crazy Horse from the Agrale tribe invented a strategy to lure soldiers. Fire them up and lure soldiers or travelers into well-ambushed traps. In early August, Carrington decided that Fort Felchini was strong enough to risk the risk of spreading his forces again.Therefore, according to the instructions of the War Department, he dispatched 150 officers and soldiers and sent them 145 kilometers to the north to build a third fort, Fort Smith, on the old Bozeman Road.At the same time, they also sent scouts Marbridge and Baker Wuzi out to chat with Hongyun.It was a difficult task, but these two elderly frontier men still went to the friendly middlemen. In a Crow village north of the Bighorn River, Bridge had some startling news.Although the Sioux, their blood feud, had driven them from the rich hunting lands, Red Cloud himself had recently made a conciliatory visit, hoping to persuade them to join the Indian League.According to others, Red Cloud said: We ask for your assistance to wipe out the white people.The leader of the Sioux tribe then blatantly said that he would cut off the supplies of the soldiers, and when the heavy snow came, they would come out of the castle hungry and kill them all. Bridge also heard some rumors that a small number of crows had agreed to join Hongyun's fighters.But when he met Baker Wuzi in another Crow tribe village, Baker Wuzi announced that he was recruiting the Crow tribe willing to join Carrington's army to fight against the Sioux tribe. (Fu Zibai Wuzi never returned to Fort Felkini and died suddenly in this crow village. It is very likely that a jealous man was poisoned, which is more likely than other natural causes of death.) By the end of the summer, Hong Yun had an army of 3,000 warriors under his command.Through the vagrant friends of Fort Laramie they managed to gather a small supply of rifles and ammunition, but most of the warriors had bows and arrows.In the early autumn, Red Cloud and the other chiefs agreed that they must concentrate their forces to attack the little white chief and the fortress on the pine forest mountain that they hated.So they moved to the Big Horn before the cold months, and camped near the headwaters of the Tongue.In that area, Fort Felkini was within easy striking distance. In the various assaults in the summer, Gao Heigu and Huang Ying in the Agrale tribe, because they had carefully planned strategies to lure the soldiers, and after the soldiers fell into the trap, their reckless horses Known for his kung fu and fierce hand-to-hand attacks.Sometimes Tall Blackbone and Yellow Eagle, together with young Crazy Horse, plan their very thoughtful baits.At the beginning of the tree-ringing moon, they began to play tricks on the men who felled the logs on the Pine Hills, and on the guard of the carts carrying the logs to Fort Felkini. On December 6th, on this day, a cold wave washed down from the slopes of the Big Horn Mountain. Big Black Bone and Yellow Eagle led more than a hundred soldiers and distributed them at various points on the road of Pine Forest Mountain.Hongyun led another group of soldiers, occupied positions along the ridge, and used the flash of mirrors and waved flags to indicate to the high black bones and decoys where the troops were going.The day was not over yet, and the Indians had charged the blue uniforms in all directions.For a while, Little White Chief Carrington came out of the castle to pursue.Crazy Horse chose the most favorable moment, got off the horse, and appeared on the path in front of a hot-blooded young officer under Carrington's command. After a long stretch on this narrow road, Huang Ying and his soldiers jumped out from their hiding place behind them, and within a few seconds, the Indians rushed towards the soldiers. (In this battle, Lieutenant Binhan and Sergeant Powers were killed, and several soldiers were seriously wounded.) That night and for days afterward, the chiefs and warriors talked in the camp about how stupid the actions of the blue uniforms were.Hongyun is sure that if they can lure a larger group of soldiers out of the fort, they can kill them all with only a thousand Indians with bows and arrows.Later in the week, the chiefs agreed that they would prepare a big trap for the little white chiefs and the soldiers when the next full moon came. By the third week of December, when everything was ready, more than two thousand warriors emerged from their tents along the Tongue River and began to march south.The weather was extremely cold, and they all wore buffalo leather clothes with the buffalo hair turned inward, dark woolen leggings, high-cut buffalo leather boots, and rolled up Hansen Bay brand red blankets on the saddles of their mounts.Most of the men rode pack horses, fast-legged war horses led by lassoes.Some had rifles, but most were armed only with bows, knives, and bayonets.They also carried enough dried beef to last several days, and small groups of men also left the trails whenever they could, killing a deer and carrying as much venison as possible in the saddle. About fifteen kilometers north of Fort Felkini, they pitched a makeshift camp and divided it into three circles: the Sioux, Sai'an, and Orapaho.Between the camp and the fort area, there is a small valley in the Piluo River where the ambush attack was chosen. In the early morning of December 21st, the chiefs and mages decided that today is the auspicious day for the Great Victory.In the first gray twilight a group of fighters set out, making a wide detour toward the path of the logging convoy, where they were to feint against the convoy.For this dangerous task of luring soldiers, ten young men have been selected, two from the Saiyan tribe, two from the Orapaho tribe, and two from each of the three tribes of the Sioux tribe, Agrale, Miniconyo, and Burning. Ma, Longfeng and Xiaolang led the way.When this group of decoy soldiers got on their horses and set off for Mujing Ridge, the main force of the soldiers marched on Bozeman's old road.The mountains were covered with patches of ice and snow on the side that wasn't supposed to be sunny, but the day was bright and sunny, and the air was cold and dry.About five kilometers from the fort, the road followed a narrow ridge that descended to Pilo Creek, and they began laying a great ambush.The Sai'an and Orapaho tribes were on the west side, and some Sioux warriors were hiding in the flat grass on the opposite side, while the rest were still riding horses, hiding behind two rocky ridges.Nearly two thousand soldiers were there before noon, waiting for the lures to pocket the blue uniforms. When the combat team was launching a feint attack on the log transport convoy, Crazy Horse and the lure soldiers got off their horses and waited in the hideout on the hillside facing the fort area.After the first gunshot, a company of soldiers rushed out of the fort area and leaped to rescue the loggers.As soon as this group of soldiers was out of sight, the decoy soldiers appeared on the hillside and approached the fort. Crazy horses waving red blankets rushed in and out of the bushes on the edge of the frozen Pine Forest Creek.After a while, Chief Little White in the fort fired a shot of his double-shot cannon, and the decoys scattered about the hill-side, jumping, scurrying, and bellowing, leading the soldiers to believe that they were terribly frightened.At this time, the combat team also retreated from the log convoy and ran towards Mujingling.Within a few minutes, the soldiers began to pursue, some on horseback, some on the run. (They were commanded by Captain Fetterman, who had express orders not to pursue the trail beyond Muk Pass Ridge.) Crazy horses and other lure soldiers jumped on their mounts and galloped back and forth along the slope of Mujing Ridge, insulting the soldiers, arousing the soldiers to be ignorant, and fired recklessly, the guns ricocheted on the rocks. The lure soldiers backed away slowly.As soon as the soldiers slowed down or stopped, the wild horses dismounted, pretended to adjust the water rein, or checked the four hooves of the mounts, and the guns whizzed all around him; The lure soldiers chased and ran to the Piluo River below.Seeing that there were only these Indians, and only ten of them, the soldiers galloped straight to catch them. As soon as the decoys passed the Piluo River, eighty-one cavalry and infantry had already entered the pockets. At this time, the decoys split into two groups and rode quickly across each other's paths on horseback. This was the signal to attack. The pony was the one who had warned the Orapaho people a year ago that General Connor's soldiers were approaching. It was an honor to signal to his subordinates first. They were all hiding in the ravine on the west side.He pointed his spear, and all the Saiyans and Orapahos on horseback rushed out with thunderous hooves. On the other side, the Sioux also came out, and within a few minutes, the Indians were mixed with the soldiers on foot; hand-to-hand combat broke out.The infantry were all killed immediately, but the cavalry retreated to a rocky plateau at the top of the ridge. They let go of their horses and tried to take cover behind the ice-covered rocks. The colt gained fame that day, leaping over rocks and in and out of ravines until he came within a few meters of the beleaguered cavalry.The white bull of the Minikonyo tribe also established a reputation in the bloody battle on the mountain side. He only had a bow and a spear, and he rushed towards a cavalryman who was riding a horse and shooting at him with a lance.In the battle painted later, Bai Niu appeared to be wearing a red combat cloak. He shot an arrow into the heart of the soldier, and smashed his celestial cap with a spear, marking the first battle. Towards the end of the battle, the Sai'an and the Orapaho were on one side, and the Sioux on the other. The two sides got too close, and under a hail of arrows, they started shooting their own men.Then the battle was over, and none of the soldiers escaped. A dog came out from among the dead, and a Sioux man caught it and wanted to take it home.But a rascal Sai'an said: Don't let the dog go.Someone killed it with a single arrow.This battle was what the whites called the Fetterman Massacre; the Indians called it the Battle of the Hundred. Indian casualties were also heavy, almost two hundred dead and wounded.Due to the extremely cold weather, they decided to transport the injured back to a temporary camp to nurse them from freezing to death.The next day, a howling blizzard trapped the soldiers in the makeshift shelter. As soon as the blizzard eased, they returned to the village on the Tongue River. At this time, it is a very cold month, and there will be no battles for a while; the soldiers who are still alive in the fortress will taste the pain of defeat; if they have not learned the lesson, they will wait until the grass turns green in spring , the battle will continue. Colonel Carrington was greatly shocked by Fetterman's massacre. He was horrified to disembowel, chop limbs, mutilate private parts, and put them in an indecent place on the corpse.他苦苦思索這種殘暴行為的張本，最後為這個主題寫了一篇論文，富於哲學地宣稱印第安人出於一些旁門左道的信仰，才犯了這種可怕的罪行，這一點始終留在他心中。如果卡林頓上校到過沙溪屠殺的現場，也就會看見同一樣的摧殘屍體由齊維頓上校手下的士兵所幹。伏襲費特曼的印第安人，只不過是模仿他們的敵人嘛。模仿，在戰爭中，也像在民間日常生活中的一種舉動，據說是最誠心誠意的奉承方式呢。 費特曼屠殺也震驚了美國政府，這是在征討印第安人作戰的損折中，陸軍最慘重的一次失敗，這也是美國歷史上的第二次無一人生還。卡林頓因此去職，粉河流域一帶的堡寨增派兵馬；華府新派了一個和平小組到勒瑞密堡去。 這個新小組的首席代表，是黑鬍子沙朋，他在一八六五年，說動了黑鍋的南賽安族人，放棄了他們在堪薩斯州的狩獵地區，而住在堪薩斯河的下游。一八六七年四月，沙明和蘇里將軍抵達勒瑞密堡；他們此行任務是要說服紅雲和蘇族人，放棄他們在粉河地帶的狩獵地區，而住在一處保留區裡去。也像以往那一年般，首先進入的便是燃燒部落斑尾、快熊、立麋和鐵殼。 小傷和調情殺手帶了他們阿格拉勒部落到普拉特河下游去，希望在那裡找得到野牛，也進來看看這個小組會送些什麼禮物；怕馬漢代表紅雲抵達。小組代表委員問他，是不是紅雲正要來談和？怕馬漢答道，除非所有大兵從粉河地區撤離，否則這位阿格拉勒部落的首領不會談和。 在這些商談中，沙朋請斑尾向集合的印第安人說話，斑尾就告訴聽眾放棄同白人打仗，要過和平幸福的生活。為了這一手，他和燃燒部落的人，接到了充足的火藥和鉛子，可以讓他們到共和江一帶去獵野牛。而反對派的阿格拉勒部落一點東西都沒有。怕馬漢便回去同紅雲晤面，紅雲這時已經恢復了對波茲曼故道沿途的襲擊。小傷和調情殺手隨著燃燒部落到野牛場去，同他們的賽安族老朋友火雞腿一起會合。黑鬍子沙朋的和平小組弄得一無所成。 這個夏末，調情殺手和火雞腿同一個大兵酋長打上了交道，他們管這個人叫硬屁股，因為他追擊他們時，一連幾個小時追上好長一段距離竟能人不離鞍。後來，他們會管他叫長髮寇斯特。寇斯特將軍請他們到麥克孚遜堡去商談時，他們就去了，還接受了糖和咖啡。他們告訴硬屁股自己是白人的朋友，但卻不喜歡那在鐵頭軌道上跑的鐵馬兒，它又叫又噴煙，把普拉特河谷裡的野獸全都給嚇跑了。（一八六七年，聯合太平洋鐵路公司的鐵軌，正舖過了內布拉斯加的西部。） 那年夏天，阿格拉勒部落和賽安族人為了搜尋野牛和羚羊，來回越過了鐵軌好幾次。有時，他們看見鐵馬拖著有輪子的木頭房屋，在鐵軌上跑得飛快。他們都琢磨不出那些房屋裡能有些什麼東西。有一天，賽安族一個人決心要用繩子套住一匹鐵馬，把它從軌道上拖翻，卻反而是鐵馬把他從馬上摔了出去，若不是他套索放手得快，就會毫不慈悲地給拖跑了。 還是睡兔提議，另外想個辦法來抓一隻這種鐵馬吧。如果俺們能把鐵軌彎過來分開，鐵馬或許就會翻出來，他說：那時候，俺們就可以看看有輪子的木頭房子裡有些啥了。他們真這麼幹了，等著火車來。的確不錯嘛，鐵馬翻在一邊，裡面飄出了好多好多煙，車裡面的人往外面跑，印第安人把他們統統殺掉，只有兩個人逃脫跑走了。然後，印第安人打破有輪的房子，發現裡面有一袋袋的麵粉啦，咖啡啦，一箱箱的皮鞋啦，和一桶桶的威士忌酒。他們喝了些酒，開始把一疋疋的布末端綁在馬尾巴上，馬兒在草原上飛馳時，馬後面的長旈鬆開來飄飄揚揚。一會兒後，印第安人從壞了的機關車裡弄出燒紅的煤，一把火把這些平板車廂都燒掉。大兵還沒能趕到懲罰他們時，早已飛馬離開了。 像這種案子，再加上紅雲繼續不斷的作戰，使得經過粉河地區的平民行旅告了一個段落，對美國政府和軍方的高級指揮部，有了強大的影響。政府決心保護聯合太平洋鐵路公司的鐵路線，可是連薛爾曼將軍這些宿將，也都開始懷疑，該不該把粉河地區留給印第安人，以採取普拉特河流域一帶的和平，才是上策。 七月杪，蘇族人和賽安族人舉行過太陽舞和神符法箭的大典後，決定要掃除掉波茲曼故道上的一處堡寨。紅雲要攻費爾基尼堡，可是鈍刀和兩月認為拿下史密士堡要容易得多，因為賽安族戰士已經殺掉了、或者捉走了守軍幾近全部的馬匹。最後，幾位酋長沒有獲得協議，蘇族人說他們攻費爾基尼堡，賽安族人則北上取史密士堡。 八月一日，五六百名賽安族戰士在史密士堡以北三公里處，在一處乾草地上困住了三十名軍民，賽安族人並不知道，這些防守的人配備了新式的連發步槍，他們向著大兵的木材車陣衝殺過去時，遭到了一陣猛烈的火力，僅僅只有一名戰士衝破了工事，他也給打死了。賽安族人這時就在車陣四周圍的高高乾草上放起火來。火勢翻翻滾滾捲湧過來，就像大海的波濤一般。一名士兵事後說道：它一燒到障礙前六七公尺就停住了，就像是被超自然的力量止住了似的，火焰垂直向上衝起，至少有十三四公尺高，有一兩陣子真把人嚇壞了，卻又嘩啦一拍給拍熄了，就像是勁風中厚帆布篷的拍擊聲，緊跟著立刻起風，把煙往著印第安人臉前吹過去，他們也利用機會，在煙的掩護下，把死傷的人運走。 這一天賽安族人稱是打夠了，那些快槍使得好多戰士身負重傷，打死的大約有二十個。他們便啟程南下，看看蘇族人在費爾基尼堡的運氣，是不是要好一些。 蘇族人的運氣也不成，他們環繞堡寨來了幾次佯攻後，紅雲便決定運用對費特曼上尉很管用的誘兵詭計。狂馬攻擊伐木營，大兵一出堡時，高黑骨就帶了八百名戰士一擁而上。狂馬和他的誘兵執行自己的使命，做得盡善盡美，可是一定是有什麼原因，有幾百戰士過早衝出了隱匿地區，去搶堡寨附近的馬群，使得大兵們警覺了他們的存在。 為了要在這一仗裡搶點東西，紅雲便轉而攻擊砍伐木頭的人，這些人把十四輛大車組成一個車陣，還用木頭加強，人躲在車底板的後面。好幾百騎馬的戰士打著磨旋逼近，可是也像史密士堡般，守軍配備了春田快槍。蘇族人面對這種新武器迅速、持續的火力，立刻把馬兒兜出射擊距離以外。然後我們把馬留在一處山谷裡，徒步衝上前去，一個名叫火雷的戰士事後說：但是就像綠草在火中凋萎一樣，所以我們就抬起受傷的人離開，我不曉得我們的人死了多少，不過很多就是了，真慘。 （這兩次接戰，白人稱為乾草田和方車陣之戰，對這兩仗創造了好多好多的傳說。有位富於創意的史學家，形容方車陣外面一圈圈兒都是印第安人的屍體；雖然打仗的印第安人還不到一千人，有一位報告說，印第安人傷亡一千一百三十七人。） 印第安人認為這兩仗都不是打了敗仗，儘管有些軍人，或許以為乾草田和方車陣的戰鬥是勝利，美國政府卻不作如是想。不幾個星期以後，薛爾曼將軍親身率領了一個新和平委員會西行。這一回，軍事當局也決定了除開投降以外，要用任何方法中止紅雲的戰爭。 一八六七年夏末，斑尾接到了理蕃局新局長泰洛的一封信。燃燒部落一直都在普拉特河下游平平安安遊蕩，這位局長請斑尾儘可能通知各族酋長，要在乾草月的一天，向所有友好的印第安人發給彈藥。酋長們要在聯合太平洋鐵路路軌的終端那時是在內布拉斯加州西部集會。大戰士薛爾曼和六位新和平委員，會坐鐵馬來到，與各酋長商討，以結束紅雲的戰爭。 斑尾去請紅雲前來，可是這個阿格拉勒人拒絕，只派了怕馬漢作他的代表。調情殺手和火雞腿來了，大嘴和勒瑞密堡的無業游民們也來了。快熊、立麋和燃燒部落的其他首領，也接受了這次邀請。 九月十九日，一輛閃閃發亮的火車車廂，到達了普拉特市車站，大戰士薛爾曼，泰洛局長，白鬍子哈芮，黑鬍子沙朋，亨得生，塔朋，和譚禮將軍都來了。有些印第安人，九年之後就要在截然不同的環境下，在小大角河同一星譚禮的兵力遭遇。 泰洛局長致開會飼：同仁等奉派到這裡來，要探詢和查明是什麼麻煩事兒。我們要聽取各位親口吐出的悲慟和不滿。各位朋友，請完完全全說出來吧，自由自在暢所欲言吧，把整個兒真情實況道出來吧戰爭壞，和平好。我們一定要選擇好的而不是壞的本人敬候各位不得不說的話。 斑尾答道：大家長已經造了很多路橫亙東部和西部，這些路就是我們一切麻煩事兒的起因，我們所生活的地帶被白人糟蹋。我們所有的野獸都走掉了，這就是大麻煩的原因。我已經是白人的朋友，現在也是。如果停止修你們的路，我們就打得到野獸。那片粉河地區屬於蘇族人我的各位朋友，幫幫我們，可憐可憐我們吧。 在頭一天的整個會議中，其他的酋長都響應斑尾的話。雖然有少數印第安人，認為粉河地區是他們的家，（他們比起來還是喜歡內布拉斯加和堪薩斯的大平原。）但統統支持紅雲的決心，要保持最後這塊大狩獵區不可侵犯。這些路把我們打獵的獵物全都嚇走了，一個酋長說：我要你們停止這條粉河道路。另外一個說：讓我們的野獸待在那裡吧，別打擾牠們，那麼你們也會有生命。誰是我們的大家長？調情殺手非常不解地問道：他是誰呀？他派你們到這裡來解決我們的麻煩是真的嗎？我們麻煩的原因就是粉河道路倘使大家長停止修粉河路的話，我知道你們的老百姓可以在這條鐵路上旅行，而不會受到妨害。 第二天，大戰士薛爾曼向酋長們致詞，很溫和地要他們放心，他已經把他們的話整整想了一晚，準備好了要作答覆。修築粉河道路，為的是供給我們的人糧食，他說道：大家長以為你們去年春天在勒瑞密堡，答應准修這條路，但是似乎有些印第安人當時不在那裡，卻已經去打仗了。酋長們低低的笑聲或許使得薛爾曼有些意外，但還是繼續說下去，不過採取了比較粗魯的語調：只要印第安人繼續在這條路上打仗，它就不會放棄。不過，我們在十一月到勒瑞密堡來檢查檢查，如果我們發覺這條路傷害到你們，我們就把路放棄，或者付錢賠償；假使你們有什麼損失，在勒瑞密堡提到我們那裡去。薛爾曼把印第安人需要有自己的土地作了一番討論，奉勸他們放棄全靠野生獵物，然後他撒下晴天霹靈：因此我們提議，讓整個蘇族人選擇在密蘇里河上游的地帶，包栝了白泥河和賽安河，像白人一樣永永遠遠有他們的土地，我們會建議使所有的白人都離開那裡，只除了你們可以選定的管理員和貿易販。 這些話一傳譯出來，印第安人面色驚奇，彼此間低低討論。原來，這就是新委員要他們做的事嘛！捲起舖蓋、搬家，搬到遠遠的密蘇里河去嗎？多年以來，蘇族提搭部落就一直跟隨著野生獵物從那裡向西遷，為什麼他們要回到密蘇里河去餓死？在獵物依然可以找得到的地方，為什麼他們就不能平平安安活下去呢？難道白人貪婪的眼睛，又看上這片美麗的土地，當成是自己的了嗎？ 在其餘的討論過程中，印第安人非常不安。快熊和調情殺手發表了友好的演說，要求給他們火藥和鉛子，可是大戰士薛爾曼建議，只有燃燒部落才應該接受彈藥，這場會議就在喧噪聲中結束。等到泰洛局長和白鬍子哈芮指出，答應過所有酋長被請來開會時，發給打獵用的彈藥，大戰士才撤回他的反對案，對印第安人給了少量的火藥和鉛子。 怕馬漢毫不耽擱，回到了紅雲在粉河上的營地。如果紅雲有過什麼打算，想在落葉月到勒瑞密堡同這些新和平委員會晤的話，一聽到怕馬漢報導大戰士薛爾曼的橫暴態度，以及提到把蘇族人遷到密蘇里河的話，紅雲的心意也就改變了。 十一月九日，幾位委員抵達了勒瑞密堡，卻發現只有烏鴉族少數幾位酋長在等他們。烏鴉族很友好，可是其中有一位熊牙卻作了一篇使人驚奇的演說，他在演說中譴責所有的白人，對野生動物和天然環境不顧一切的摧殘：各位家長哪，各位家長哪，各位家長哪，好好兒聽聽我說的話吧，把你們的青年人從大角羊的山嶺上召回去吧。他們糟蹋了我們的田野，毀滅了生長的樹木和綠草；他們在我們的土地上放火燒山。各位家長哪，你們的年輕人在破壞這片田地，宰殺我們的野獸，麋啦，鹿啦，羚啦，還有我的野牛。他們殺牠們不是為了吃，他們讓牠們在倒下的地方腐爛掉。各位家長哪，如果我到了你們的國土裡，殺掉你們的野獸，你們該會怎麼說呢？我不應該有什麼錯嗎？你們不會向我們開仗嗎？ 各位委員同烏鴉族人會見後幾天，紅雲的信差到了。他通知委員們，只要大兵從粉河道路上的各處堡寨撤退，他就會到勒瑞密堡來商談和平。他反覆說明，這一仗打的只為了一個目的挽救粉河河谷，自從白人侵入以後，這是他那個民族所剩下來的唯一狩獵區。大家長派了他的大兵到這裡來流血，我並沒有頭一個發動流血如果大家長能使白人離開我的地區，就會有永永久久的太平日子；但如果他們打擾了我，那就不會有和平大神在這片土地上養了我，在另一片土地上養了你們，我所說的句句實話，那就是要守住這塊土地。 兩年中，和平委員會的第三次失敗。然而，委員們在返回華府以前，他們送了紅雲滿車的菸草，再度籲請他春季雪融時，立刻到勒瑞密堡來。紅雲客客氣氣回答，和平的菸草已經收到了，他會抽這些菸，只要大兵一離開他的地帶，他立刻就會到勒瑞密堡來。 一八六八年春天，大戰士薛爾曼和原班人馬的和平委員會，又回到了勒瑞密堡。這一回，不耐煩的政府對他們下了堅定的命令，放棄粉河道路上的堡寨，同紅雲締訂和約。這一回，他們從理蕃局派了一位特派員，去親自邀請這位阿格拉勒部落的首領去簽訂和約。紅雲告訴這位特派員，他需要十天的時間來和盟族商量商量，或許會在馬兒脫毛月（五月）到勒瑞密堡去。 然而，這位特派員剛回到勒瑞密堡只有幾天，紅雲的回信就來了：我們現在到了俯瞰大兵和各處堡寨的山頭上，我們什麼時候看到大兵遷走，各處堡寨放棄時，我就什麼時候下來談判。 對大戰士薛爾曼和各位委員來說，這可真是非常屈辱、非常丟人的事兒。他們設法子弄到了來領禮物的少數小酋長的簽字，可是日子一天天過去，這些大碰釘子的委員們，就一個個悄悄兒離開回東部去了。到了春末時分，僅僅只有黑鬍子沙朋和白鬍子哈芮還留在那裡談判，可是紅雲和他的盟軍，整個夏季都還留在粉河，對各處堡寨和到蒙大拿的通路，保持密切的監視。 到了最後，心不甘情不願的陸軍部下了命令，放棄粉河地區。七月廿九日，史密士堡的官兵整頓行裝，向南開拔。第二天清晨，紅雲率領了一股歡欣鼓舞的戰士進入堡區，把所有的建築物都付之一炬。一個月以後，費爾基尼堡也放焚了，放火燒堡的榮譽，交給了小狼率領的賽安族人。幾天後，最後一名大兵離開了黎洛堡，粉河通路正式宣告關閉。 經過兩年的抵抗後，紅雲這一仗打贏了。他還讓那些締約的人再多等了幾個星期，然後在十一月六日，在一批凱旋的戰士簇擁下，他策馬進入勒瑞密堡。現在他是位征服的英雄了，在條約上簽了字：自今天以後，本協議雙方間的一切戰爭永遠停止。美國政府渴望和平，以榮譽擔保以保持和平。印第安人渴望和平，他們現在也以榮譽擔保以保持和平。 然而，在以後的二十年中，一八六八年這份條約中十六條的內容，一直在印第安人與美國政府間爭執不休。就很多酋長所了解條約中的內容，以及經過國會批准後實際上寫成書面的條約，就像是毛色並不一樣的兩匹馬。 （九年以後，斑尾說道：條約中許諾的事情都沒有兌現所有的字眼兒證明都是假的。這是薛爾曼將軍、沙朋將軍和哈芮將軍擬訂的條約。當時，那位將軍告訴我們，條約中會發給我們三十五年的養老金和貨物。他說過這句話，可是卻沒有道出實情。）