Chapter 2 The first chapter of the most corrupt official, the legendary life of He Shen

Chapter 1 Family History What kind of family created Heshen The common surname at the foot of Changbai Mountain The Northeast of my country has always been inhabited by an ancient ethnic Manchu, whose ancestors can be traced back to the Jurchens who have been active in this area for generations.Developed to the early Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens were divided into three parts: Jianzhou, Yeren, and Haixi.Jianzhou Jurchen are mainly distributed in the northern part of Changbai Mountain to Mudanjiang and Suifenhe. They are the one with the fastest social and economic development among the three, and the one with the deepest influence of Han culture.In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, due to the unbearable intrusion of other backward Jurchen tribes, Jianzhou Jurchen began to move southward continuously.During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, Jianzhou Jurchen moved to the upper reaches of the Hun River and Suzi River, and gradually settled in Feiala (also known as Feiyalanga, the so-called old old city) and Hetuala (both in present-day Xinbin, Liaoning Province) Manchu Autonomous County) as the center area settled down.

The Ming government mainly adopted a divide-and-rule policy to deal with the Jurchen Tripartites.It is often to fight one part and pull one part to make it go up and down, creating various contradictions among them, making them hinder each other and not being unified.Later, the Ming government saw that Jianzhou Jurchen was gradually becoming stronger. In order to prevent it from becoming too powerful and threatening the central government, the Ming government divided it into three parts and established Jianzhou Guard, Jianzhou Left Guard and Jianzhou Right Guard.Therefore, until the late Ming Dynasty, the Ming government still exercised effective rule over the Jurchen ministries.

Aixinjueluo.Nurhachi was born in the family of the leader of Jianzhou Zuowei (the commander of the capital), and he was the founder of Houjin.It is said that the fairy Fokulun bathed in the Tianchi Lake of Changbai Mountain, and after eating the (red) fruit from the magpie on her clothes, she gave birth to a son, Bukuli Yongshun, the ancestor of Nurhachi.Although this is just a legend, it also reflects his extraordinary life experience, otherwise no one would attach it.His sixth ancestor Mengge Tiemu'er (also known as Meng Temu) served as the commander of the left guard of Jianzhou, and his family has always followed this position.Of course, his father Tu Keshi (also known as Ta Shi, Ta Shi) later inherited this position as a matter of course.

When Nurhachi was ten years old, his biological mother died, and his stepmother treated him badly.In order not to be bullied by her stepmother after growing up, she separated from her father at the age of nineteen.Since then, he has tried various ways of earning a living: he once brought local specialties to Fushun to trade with Han businessmen, and he also worked as a servant for Li Chengliang, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty.These experiences gave him a deep understanding of Han culture and customs (he himself was deeply influenced by "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"), and initially grasped the actual situation of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong.In the tenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1582), Li Chengliang was ordered to help Tulun city lord Nikan Wailan of Jianzhou Wei Sukesu guards to attack Atai, the right guard chief of Jianzhou, and accidentally killed Nurhachi's grandfather Jue Chang'an and father Tu Ke World.Afterwards, the Ming government immediately appointed Nurhachi as the commander and governor of Jianzhou Zuowei, and granted him the title of General Dragon and Tiger. At the same time, he was given more than 30 imperial edicts and 30 horses to express his apology for this mistake. .But Nurhachi had already planted the seeds of hatred in his heart, and this incident became a legitimate reason for him to oppose the Ming Dynasty in the future.

In the name of avenging his father and ancestors, Nurhachi raised troops with the thirteen sets of armor left by his father and led the crowd to crusade against Nikanwailan.After more than 20 years of continuous slaughter, the Jurchen ministries were finally unified, and the Eight Banners system was gradually formed in the process.In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), the Houjin Kingdom was established, openly broke with the Ming government, and defeated the Ming army in the Battle of Sarhu. The Eight Banners system is a system of military-civilian unity. It turns out that when the Jurchens were hunting, producing and conducting military operations, every ten people was a basic unit called Niulu (Manchu, translated as arrows in Chinese), and its leader was called Ezhen ( Manchu, mainly Chinese translation), equivalent to Zuoling.After the strength grew, it was changed to one Niulu for every 300 people, and one Jiala (Manchu, also known as Zhalan, Chinese translation of Shi, Dai, Dai, etc.) for every 300 people, a total of 1,500 people, Its leader is Jiala Ezhen, which is translated into Canling in Chinese.The five Jiala are one Gushan (Manchu, translated as Banner in Chinese), with a total of 7,500 people, and its leader is Gushan Ezhen (the banner owner), translated as Dutong in Chinese.

The Niuhulu clan is a prominent family among the Eight Banners clans in Manchuria.The Niu Hulu family was a common surname in the Qing Dynasty, which can be seen in "Huangchao Tongzhi.Clan slightly.Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria".Niu Hulu means wolf in Manchu.The oldest surname of the Manchu, mainly distributed in the Songhua River Basin, Mudanjiang River Basin, and Changbai Mountain area.The wolf is one of the totems of the Manchu ancestral Jurchens. The Jurchens took it as their surname out of their worship of wolves. In the long course of historical development, the title of the surname Niu Hulu has changed several times: in the Liao Dynasty it was called the Dilie family, in the Jin Dynasty it was called the Nu Xilie family, in the Yuan Dynasty it was called the Yiqi Lie family, and in the Ming Dynasty it was called the Niu Hulu family.The Niuhulu clan of the Manchurian clan is called the Niu surname by the Chinese character surname, and some are called the Lang surname by the Chinese character surname.The Niu Hulu clan is a typical Manchu clan with one surname and two surnames.Ding Xingwang, a member of the Niu Hulu family, belonged to each of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty, not just a certain banner.

Many celebrities, civil servants and military generals in the Qing Dynasty had this surname, and even many empresses and concubines also came from this surname.For example, Emperor Kangxi's Empress Xiaozhaoren, Emperor Yongzheng's Empress Xiaoshengxian (the biological mother of Emperor Qianlong, a descendant of Eyidu), and so on.The Heshen family belongs to the Niu Hulu family in the British area.The British amount refers to the Yingying (amount) Valley in the eastern part of Liaoning Province.Yingeryu, now called Yingermen, is a township in Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province.There is a small river named Ying'er River here, which flows from here to the boundary of Xingjing (now Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province) in the southwest, and finally flows into the Hun River.This place was originally a small military and transportation point, with a wicker side gate (that is, the side gate of the wicker side wall repaired in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Yinger Gate).This place is not far from Feiala and Hetuala, the capitals of the Houjin Kingdom, so its military status is relatively important.

The Niu Hulu family in Ying'er area originally lived in the Changbai Mountain area, and later moved here with the Jianzhou Jurchen Ministry.For example, Er Yidu, one of the founding fathers of the Qing Dynasty and one of the five ministers, lived in Changbai Mountain. Later, his grandfather A Ling'a moved to Yingeryu with Jianzhou Zuowei.The Eyidu family is a well-known family of the Manchus. They have a wealth of wealth, wealth and wealth, and have always been very prosperous.Aling'a himself is also very prestigious in the tribe, and is called Baiyan (Manchu, also known as Bayan, Bayan, meaning rich man).E Yidu's parents were killed by his enemies when he was a child, and he himself escaped the catastrophe because of the help of his friends.From then on, he developed a deep-seated hatred for his enemy, and vowed to avenge his parents.When he was just thirteen years old, he found his enemy alone and killed the enemy who killed his parents, which shows his determination and courage to take revenge.Later, in order to take refuge, he took refuge in Jiamuhu Village Chief and his uncle Mutong's house. It happened that Nurhachi was his uncle's friend.In the eighth year of Ming Wanli (1580), Nurhachi stayed at Jiamu Lake, and the two met.Er also thought that Nurhachi had broad knowledge and was extraordinary, so he became a confidant and decided to follow him into the world.Since then, he has been following Nurhachi on the battlefield, becoming Nurhachi's right-hand man, and made great contributions to the establishment of the Houjin Kingdom.Although the Heshen family and Eyi are not direct relatives, they belong to the same surname in the same place. After all, this is of great benefit to the Heshen family in the officialdom of the Qing Dynasty, which paid attention to fellowship.