Chapter 10 Chapter 9: The Reform Movement of 1898

Darkness is everywhere in Beijing, even in the imperial palace.The palace walls of the Forbidden City are quite high, and most of the houses sandwiched between the palace walls are quadrangle houses and triple houses. At night, it is even darker. Compared with the Meridian Gate and the Taihe Gate, although the Qianqing Gate is a little smaller, it is located in the first main gate of the inner court, the closest to the emperor, and it seems majestic and majestic.Especially after dark, the dim candlelight swayed from the door and shone on the back of the pair of bronze lions in front of the steps, making it even more majestic and dead.The bronze lions squatted on the low and finely carved stone platform with their five toes outstretched, seemingly protecting the emperor, but after nightfall, they fell asleep in the dead silence.

Although the Qianqing Gate is the gate in front of the Qianqing Palace, it also has the emperor's throne inside, and the emperor comes here to listen to the government.When listening to the government, the eunuch lifted the throne to the middle of the Qianqing Gate, put a yellow case in front, and put a felt mat for officials to kneel in front of the yellow case, which opened a small semi-open-air court.Looking to the left along the stone railing of the imperial gate, there is a sloping wall, which is the screen wall. The yellow and green glazed tiles on the wall protrude from the vermilion wall. After nightfall, it turns into a black wall, which looks very special in the outer courtyard in front of Qianqing Gate protrude.Go left along the screen wall, pass the inner right door, and you will see three small rooms that are not commensurate with the tall palace buildings, which are the famous small cabinet military aircraft office.At right angles to the military plane is Longzongmen.Passing through the Long Zongmen and forming a right angle again, the three low rooms similar to those of the Military Aircraft Office reappeared, which are the Military Aircraft Zhangjing Value Room.

The reason why Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty set up the Military Aircraft Office was because he had used troops in the Northwest for years. In order to express military documents and keep secrets to prevent espionage, he built a small house outside the Longzong Gate and asked the ministers to be on duty.Since then, it has been established as a system and lasted for 180 years. The Military Aircraft Department is a mysterious yamen with great power. In order to prevent it from becoming big, the emperor did not restrict it.For example, the seal of the Military Aircraft Department is placed separately in the inner court. When the seal is to be affixed, the military aircraft Zhang Jing on duty must go to ask for the seal to complete the stamping procedures.Another example is that the central and local officials are not allowed to inform the military aircraft department in advance of the content of the report, and the important places of the military aircraft department are not allowed to enter without permission. There is a white wooden sign on the door. The six characters are complete.In order to implement these strict regulations, a censor from the Military Aircraft Department came to watch every day.

There is a strong contrast between the majestic and luxurious palace and the small and dilapidated military aircraft, which symbolizes the majesty of the monarch and the humbleness of the subjects.Apart from office supplies and a wooden kang for rest, the military aircraft department is poorly equipped.The only thing that is exquisite is the wooden plaque with a red banner of happy news hanging high on the wall. The four characters on the wooden plaque are the emperor's greatest hope every time he sees the minister of military affairs.Now, the object of the emperor's hope has been transferred to the military machine Zhang Jing. Due to the dictatorship of the Empress Dowager, the imperial gate has not been held for a long time. Under the plan of the military aircraft Zhang Jing, a major reform jointly launched by the Manchu and Han Dynasties was carried out.However, the so-called Manchurian emperor is just one person; the so-called Han Dynasty is just a few people outside Beijing plus Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, etc. The whole of China is still like the bronze lion at night.

☆☆☆☆☆☆ Reform and reform began officially on June 11.On this day, Emperor Guangxu decreed state affairs, announced reforms and self-improvement, followed by a series of intensive reforms to eliminate the old and introduce the new.In terms of removing old stereotypes, abolishing academies, abolishing green camps, eliminating redundant officials and soldiers, prohibiting women's foot binding, etc.; in terms of introducing new ones, recommending talents, trying out strategies, running schools, setting up agricultural and industrial institutions, setting up the General Administration of Mining and Railways, advocating industry, Rewarding new works and inventions, translating new knowledge, setting up academic societies, opening newspapers, spreading the word, changing the army to practice foreign guns, preparing for conscription, etc.When Emperor Guangxu took the lead in promoting China's comprehensive modernization in the Forbidden City, the Empress Dowager, who saw it in the Summer Palace, also extended her hand.On the fourth day after Emperor Guangxu's decree on state affairs, the Empress Dowager drove away Weng Tonghe, the emperor's teacher, and placed her confidant Rong Lu as Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang.Although the sky was full of clouds and the army was overwhelming, Emperor Guangxu still insisted on reforming the law without hesitation. He vowed not to be a subjugated king who lost his power and humiliated the country, but he would move forward despite the difficulties.During the day, he crossed over the conservative ministers and promoted reforms with the military aircraft in Sizhangjing; at night, he called the patriots who were on duty in the military aircraft Zhangjing into the gate of Qianqing, and held candles to plan everything before the bronze lion woke up.

☆☆☆☆☆☆ However, no matter how much he pushed day and night, everything seemed wrong.Emperor Guangxu finally realized that the crisis was at hand.The secret news came that probably in October, when the emperor accompanied the Empress Dowager Xi to Tianjin for a military parade, the action to abolish the emperor and solve the new party would begin.Emperor Guangxu had been pushed to the foot of the wall. On September 14th, the ninth day of his official visit in Sizhangjing, he handed over the secret edict to Yang Rui to take out; three days later, he handed over the second secret edict to Lin Xu. Bring out.The contents of the two edicts are:

Give Yang Rui Recently, I have looked up to the Empress Dowager's will, and I don't want to change the law completely, and I don't want to depose this generation of old, absurd and stupid ministers, but use brave and wise people to make them discuss politics, thinking that I am afraid of losing people's hearts.Although I have issued decrees many times for rectification, and there are several remonstrances at any time, but the holy will is firm, and I am afraid that it will be useless in the end, just like the Zhu Yu on the 19th, the empress dowager thought it was too serious, so she had to keep it. It is really embarrassing recently. The situation also.I also don't know that China is weak and weak. As for the danger, it is all the mistakes of this generation. But if I want to make a decree early in the morning, change the old law and depose the stupid people of this generation, then my power is real. Insufficient.If this is the case, then my position cannot be guaranteed, let alone others?Now I would like to ask you, what good strategy can you have, so that the old law can be gradually changed, the old, absurd and stupid ministers will be dismissed, and the brave and wise people will be promoted to discuss politics.To turn China from danger to safety, and to turn weakness into strength, without breaking the holy will.You and Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi and other comrades negotiated quickly, sealed and sealed, and delivered by the Minister of Military Aircraft, waiting for me to think about it carefully, and then handle it. I am really looking forward to it urgently.Special order.

Cheers to health However, the current situation is difficult, and reforms are not enough to save China, and the ministers who are old and absurd must be replaced by wise and brave men.But the empress dowager didn't take it seriously, and I repeatedly admonished her, and the empress dowager was even more angry.Now my position is almost in danger, Rukang Youwei, Yang Rui, Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi, etc., can make arrangements quickly and try to rescue each other. I am very anxious and beyond expectation.Special order. Cheers to health I am ordering you to supervise the official newspaper. I really have a last resort, which cannot be exhausted by Chu Mo.You can go out quickly without delay.You are full of loyalty and love, and I know it well.He cherishes his body, is good at self-regulation, and will drive more efficiently in the future to build a great cause together. I have high hopes!Special order.

On the early morning of September 18, in the Nanhai Guild Hall, Kang Youwei and everyone held a secret edict and made an urgent decision: First, to find a way to save the emperor, Tan Sitong proposed to persuade Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Han army with the new army in hand, Yuan Shikai He has a relatively new mind, and he sponsored it when he organized the Strong Society. The emperor summoned him twice in a row the day before yesterday, and expressed that he would be of great use to him.If he can understand the righteousness and things will turn around, although this persuasion is risky, it is worth the risk. Tan Sitong volunteered and was willing to go to him alone.Second, the emperor strongly urged Kang Youwei to go south, in order to avoid accidents, and everyone would be wiped out, so it was decided that Kang Youwei would leave Beijing quickly to preserve the fire.After the decision is made, proceed separately.

That night, Tan Sitong contacted Yuan Shikai and made an appointment to visit Yuan Shikai at Fayuan Temple at ten o'clock in the evening.Yuan Shikai was busy at that time, and instead of living in his Haidian villa, he lived in Fayuan Temple. No one knows why he lived in Fayuan Temple. Maybe he was imitating Prince Gong? When the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing in 1860, Emperor Xianfeng fled to Rehe, leaving his younger brother, Prince Gong Yixin, to negotiate with foreigners in Beijing.At that time, foreigners occupied the Forbidden City and the inner city of Beijing. Prince Gong couldn't live in his own Prince Gong's mansion, so he took a fancy to the Fayuan Temple in the outer city and lived in it.Emperor Xianfeng was negotiating the situation remotely in Rehe, and he repeatedly urged: Prince Gong should not meet foreigners in person, because Prince Gong is the younger brother of the Chinese emperor, with a high status, how can he be seen by foreigners?However, Emperor Xianfeng's exhortation was actually impossible.You have lost the battle yourself, and foreigners have occupied your capital. How can you negotiate with foreigners without meeting them face to face?In fact, the situation is stronger than the people. The British and French allied forces murdered, set fire, robbed and raped Beijing. This lawless situation should be resolved as soon as possible. During the resolution process, Prince Gong would have to meet foreigners.Finally, the negotiations were completed, and the British and French coalition forces agreed to withdraw their troops, willing to live in peace with China, and expressed that they would send ambassadors to present their credentials in person in accordance with international etiquette.Unexpectedly, this agreement made Emperor Xianfeng, who regarded himself as a celestial dynasty, very concerned. He criticized Prince Gong's memorial and said: Although the two barbarians have changed the contract, there is no guarantee that it will not be repeated in the next spring; The misfortune is about to come to an end, even if it is temporarily allowed to be discussed; after returning to Luan, I will return from Tianjin to Beijing, and there will be no end to threats. I just ask!This time the barbarians failed every step of the way, so that the barbarians met my brother, which is already out of the question.If he is allowed to act recklessly, will there still be people in my Qing Dynasty?In order to protest that there was no one in the Qing Dynasty and refused to meet the barbarian envoys, Emperor Xianfeng refused to return to Beijing, and he died in Rehe.This death resulted in the Queen Mother's success in seizing power and Prince Gong's final loss of power.His efforts to defeat Zunzu in Fayuan Temple were finally unable to stop the human being Daozu.Thirty-four years after his painstaking efforts at Fayuan Temple, Japan defeated China again; four years later, at the age of 67, he finally died while obstructing Emperor Guangxu's reform and reform. When he was young, he was a radical in Tongzhi Zhongxing; When you are old, you become a conservative of the Guangxu Reform. This is a person's life.On the way to Fayuan Temple, Tan Sitong suddenly remembered the history of Prince Gong's saving lives in Fayuan Temple nearly 40 years ago. He thought along the way, and thinking of Yuan Shikai, his heart sank.ah!Isn't the Liuyang Guild Hall where he lives nearby? This association is really at the right time and place.He smiled wryly.

Yuan Shikai was almost going out to meet this military aircraft Zhang Jing in court clothes.In terms of real power, Junji Zhang Jing is equivalent to a deputy prime minister, and Yuan Shikai is an old official, so he has to look at such a hot new nobleman with special respect. Tan Sitong first said that the matter was confidential, and asked to have a private conversation with Yuan Shikai in the bedroom, which Yuan Shikai complied with.In the bedroom, Tan Sitong showed Emperor Guangxu's secret edict to win Yuan Shikai's trust.And tell him that saving the emperor and saving China is all in one fell swoop.Tan Sitong said that the fundamental key lies in the Empress Dowager, and only by eliminating the Empress Dowager can the problem be solved.What Yuan Shikai is now required to cooperate with is: 1. Kill Rong Lu; 2. Surround the Summer Palace.As for entering the Summer Palace to deal with the Empress Dowager, there is no need for Yuan Shikai to send troops. He, Tan Sitong, can control dozens of heroes in Beijing, and can recruit many good generals from Hunan, which is enough to solve everything in the garden. Yuan Shikai apparently agreed to the plan.However, one hour after sending Tan Sitong away, Rong Lu received Yuan Shikai's report; early the next morning, the Empress Dowager in the Summer Palace also learned the truth from Rong Lu's kneeling report. The same morning the next day, after a night of discussion, everyone walked out separately at the Nanhai Clubhouse.Except for Lin Xu who absolutely did not believe Yuan Shikai, the others were dubious and inclined that even if Yuan Shikai did not send troops, he probably would not be able to tell the truth.Tan Sitong's conclusion was: Regardless of whether Yuan Shikai is reliable or not, this is our last move. A dead horse is like a living horse doctor, so we have to take the risk to find him.In order to strengthen Yuan Shikai's confidence, he decided to enter the palace today and appealed to the emperor to summon Yuan Shikai again tomorrow.As for Kang Youwei, he decided to go south tomorrow. In the early morning of September 20, Kang Youwei got on the train to Tianjin.How lucky he was!Ten hours after he boarded the train, the Nanhai Guild Hall was surrounded by officers and troops, and Kang Guangren was arrested.Because Kang Youwei was missing, officials ordered the trains to be stopped and the city gates closed to prevent Kang Youwei from escaping.He also ordered the Tianjin area to stop sailing ships, and ordered the Yantai area to search for ships.However, he escaped several catastrophes, and with the help of the British, he finally arrived in Shanghai. The Japanese did not fall behind the British. In the legation, they were the first to take in Liang Qichao.This day is exactly September 21st, and the Empress Dowager is officially in charge of the imperial court, and the 103-day reform and reform will come to an end from today.Two days later, news came that Emperor Guangxu had lost his freedom and was imprisoned by the Queen Mother in Yingtai, a small island in the middle of the lake in the palace. Despite the turmoil outside, Tan Sitong did not escape.However, the Liuyang Guild Hall could not find him, so he took a cloth bag and went to the Japanese Legation. ☆☆☆☆☆☆ Tan Sitong had never been to the Japanese legation.When approaching, what attracted his attention the most was the large row of square wooden windows.The specifications of the wooden windows are completely different from those of Chinese windows. They appear bright and square, and let in a lot of light.He walked up the three wide stone steps, proved his identity, and said that he came to see Liang Qichao.It happened that Minister Lin Quanzhu was away, and a short and alert Japanese received him. Long-awaited, long-awaited, Mr. Tan.My name is Hirayama Zhou.We welcome Master Tan.Mr. Liang lives there, and now he will take Mr. Tan there. The door opened, and it was Tan Sitong who came in, and Pingshan Zhou came in together.Liang Qichao went up to meet him, holding his arms with both hands.You are here, resurrected, you are worrying people to death.Come, sit down and have some tea first. Liang Qichao took the cloth bag from Tan Sitong and put it on the table. I was afraid that someone would follow me, so I turned around several streets, and finally came over from Yuhe Bridge.If someone followed, he would think I was going to the British embassy.How is it, Zhuo Ru, did you sleep well in the past two days? Sleep well.Liang Qichao said, are you still sleeping in the hall? That's right, after you left, I have been in the guild hall and haven't come out.Tan Sitong answered. Is there anyone near the hall? Can't see it yet. Is there any news about Mr. Kang? No. Mr. Kang should be in Shanghai by now.Lin Quanzhu said that he had secretly telegraphed the Japanese officials in Tianjin and Shanghai to take care of Mr. Kang, and he reassured me.He came this morning, Hirobumi Ito, he is too busy, he is out now. Minister Lin said that he is too busy and I will entertain everything first, please don't take offense.Ping Shanzhou added. It's too late for us to thank him, so why are we still offended?Liang Qichao said. What a coincidence this time, Hirobumi Ito is in Beijing. Mr. Ito admires you and expresses his desire to save you. Mr. Lin shares the same heart. Under their leadership, we have the same heart and are willing to serve you Chinese people with lofty ideals.In order to avoid long nights and dreams, we plan to cover the two of you smuggling away from China within three to five days. If other people with lofty ideals come to the legation, we are also willing to help.Ping Shanzhou said excitedly. However, Tan Sitong interjected coldly, staring at the Japanese unfriendly, I am not here today to ask you to help me leave China, although I am very grateful for your help in times of crisis.I'm not going to go.I came today because I just have a bag of things to give to Mr. Liang to take out. However, resurrection!Liang Qichao grabbed Tan Sitong's shoulders anxiously, how could you stay?Staying is a meaningless sacrifice and a dead end! Of course I know.Tan Sitong said firmly, and I very much agree with you to go.This is a division of labor and cooperation. Although there is one goal, it is impossible for each comrade to stand in the same position.There are those who charge in the front, those who supply supplies in the back, those who contribute money, those who contribute, some who bleed, and some who sweat.I think today's situation is suitable for me to stay, and I must stay. Mr. Kang and you have to go, go outside, go to a foreign country, and come back to make a comeback for our business. O resurrection!Why are you so stubborn!How much positive significance does staying have?What's the use of staying as a victim?No, no, you have to go with us, you can't sacrifice like this! Zhuo Ru, why do you think that sacrifice has no positive meaning?You remember the story of Gongsun Chujiu, those who don’t leave, those who make sacrifices, are also doing and doing positive things; those who leave, and those who don’t sacrifice first, are also making sacrifices, but it’s just a long-term, unknowable sacrifice .Therefore, according to Gongsun Chujiu, it is easy for those who do not leave and sacrifice first; it is difficult for those who leave and sacrifice first.Gongsun Chujiu laid out two paths, he chose the easy one, and sacrificed himself first instead of leaving.I feel the same way today.I leave the hard work to Mr. Kang and you, and I am willing to be a martyr to open the way for you.There is still a long way to go in the future, maybe I will open this road, and there will be a good reason, a starting point, and a good basis for you to do it, just like if Gongsun Ganjiu did not open the way, Cheng Ying would not have a good reason, a good starting point, and a good basis for relying on.So, after thinking and thinking, I decided that I would stay. Oh, how can you do this!Gongsun Chujiu and Cheng Ying lived in a different era from ours, with different situations, different objects, and different levels of knowledge. How can we generalize them! No difference, exactly the same in broad categories.We, like Gongsun Chujiu and Cheng Ying, have faced enemies who want to kill us all. We all need the sacrifice of some comrades to inform the compatriots and use sacrifices to inspire other comrades to continue their long-term struggle. But, you forgot that Gongsun Chujiu sacrificed his life at that time to play a trick with Cheng Ying. We don’t need to play tricks now. Why should we learn from people of their age and level of knowledge? This is incomparable! Paradoxical!Tan Sitong said firmly that the cloth bag I brought today is the manuscript of my "Ren Xue", and I have studied the issues we are arguing about very clearly.Leave it to you.In short, I was determined to come out and prove some beliefs.And these beliefs, for some of us, are worth demonstrating by example.Brother Zhuo Ru, you have read this "School of Benevolence".Some chapters, we also discussed. yes!Liang Qichao said that the most brilliant part of this book is the opposition to foolish loyalty and muddleheaded death for the emperor.I still remember it very clearly.But today, you are impressed by the emperor's discerning eyes and extraordinary appointment. You are determined to die, or is it because you are misunderstood as a dead king?Even if, as you said, you are determined to die, you have fulfilled the beliefs propagandized in your book: there is no reason for death, and there is absolutely no reason for death, and you are determined to die because of things, but I can't help but ask you In a word, besides death, do you have any reasons for dying for him at the same time? There is, but that's not important. Compared with death, at least not important. I think it matters too, and I can almost guess what those reasons are. Guess what? I guessed wrong, don't be offended. How could I have such a reaction. I guess besides death, the other reason why you don't want to live is because of death! What? Death!I said it was the dead king, it was you who wanted to die for the emperor!One of the important reasons why you are determined to die is this! I don't blame you for saying this, but you speak too strongly.If you say that, where do you put the beliefs promoted in my book?What do you think of me?A man whose words do not match his actions? Absolutely not!You are my hero and my good friend. If I think that your words and deeds are inconsistent, it is also that you do better than what you say. A glorious inconsistency. Then you said that I am not only a dead thing, but also a dead king. Didn’t you clearly say that my words and deeds are inconsistent? What's the inconsistency?You talk about death, and you are determined to die and die for the cause. This matter itself has a beginning and an end, and it is already very consistent, so why is it inconsistent?If you say dead things but not dead things, then your words and deeds are not consistent. You are not like this, so there is no problem of inconsistency at all.You yourself have perfectly fulfilled your belief in death. But in my book, it is clear that death is not dead king, and the two become opposites.Now if you say that I am dead, even if it is not an inconsistency between words and deeds, there is still a sense of contradiction. The problem occurs when you think that death and death are opposites. In fact, there is room for discussion.There have been four hundred and twenty-three emperors in China in the past 4,500 years, including Guangxu. Among them, how many are tyrants and foolish emperors, and how many are saints and wise emperors?Your book says: Please make a big statement and say: There is no reason for death, and there is absolutely no reason for death.The dead king is loved by eunuchs and concubines, and forgiven by husbands and wives.According to your words, you only recognize the dead emperor as the emperor, and they should only be the servants and women around him, because he has a personal relationship with them, so they are loyal and partial to him, except for these people , you think that there is absolutely no reason for a dead king. Isn't it too obvious when you divide it like this? Shouldn't it be so obvious? Let us first recall the story of Yanzi.Duke Zhuang of Qi went to the house of his minister Cui Zhu and committed adultery with Cui Zhu's wife. Cui Zhu was unwilling to cuckold him and killed Duke Zhuang of Qi on the spot.Yanzi was a minister of the Qi State. The emperor was killed. Others dared not go to see him, but he wanted to hang himself. When he arrived at Cui's house, his left and right asked him: Did you die for the king?Yan Zi answered well, he said that the emperor is not mine alone, why should I die for him alone?Left and right asked him again: So, leave Qi and escape?Yan Zi answered well: The death of the emperor was not my fault, why should I escape?Why should I go abroad?Left and right asked him again: Then go home?Yanzi answered well: the emperor is dead, where should he go back?Yan Zi is really a top-notch great statesman in China. Judging from his three answers, he will not die, will not flee, and will not want to go home.At that time when he went to hang the emperor, everyone thought that Cui Zhu would definitely kill him, but he still hanged himself, cried, and cried with his head on his corpse, not at all afraid of provoking the knife in his hand, and he didn't care at all.Yanzi understands the general situation, which is great wisdom; has feelings, is great benevolence; is not afraid of dying and crying, which is great courage.Why Yanzi has such great wisdom, benevolence and courage? I think he is a person who has a deep understanding of death and the theory of death.His theory is: How can a ruler be above the common people?It's about presiding over the country; as a courtier, is it for earning a salary to make a living?It's about protecting the country.Therefore, when a ruler dies, he dies for the sake of the state, and as a subject, he should die with him. If the king dies for the state, he dies; if he dies for the state, he dies.Yanzi thinks: If a ruler dies not for the sake of the community but for himself, then those who accompany him to die should only be favored by those who are by his side and hang out with him for personal gain and the interests of small groups. Private friends and cronies are the only ones who have a share, and dignified ministers don't do it.After Qi Zhuanggong was killed, Cui Zhu decided to make Qi Linggong's son emperor, Qi Jinggong.At that time Duke Jing was young, Cui Zhu made himself Prime Minister on the right, and Qing made him Prime Minister on the left. They gathered all the ministers and made an oath in blood in the Taimiao, saying: "There are kings who do not agree with Cui Qing, as many as the sun!"Everyone swears one by one, but when it is Yanzi's turn, Yanzi wants to change the oath, and only swears: All the kings can be loyal to the king and benefit the community, but those who are not in harmony with each other are like gods!At that time, Cui Zhu and the others were about to turn their backs, Gao Guo hurriedly smoothed things over, pointing out, "What the second prime minister has done today is a matter of being loyal to the monarch and benefiting the community!"Once the high hat was worn, Cui Zhu and the others had no choice but to accept Yan Zi's great conditions.From the story of Yanzi, I turn the other way around. May I ask you, if the death of a gentleman is for the country, for the country, what would you say about Tan Fusheng?For such a great person, do you also think that death is wrong, and there is absolutely no reason for death? This kind of person is of course an exception. That said, there are exceptions to the theory you promote. If Renjun has it, so does my theory. Well, Emperor Guangxu is a renjun, so let me ask you this, frankly, is he an exception among renjun? The emperor is. Why is the emperor? The emperor had been the emperor for twenty-four years before the reform and reformation. He did not change the law, but he was still the emperor, and in front of the old women and the Manchurians, being the emperor was more stable and more airy.The emperor's reform was not for himself, but for the country. The emperor took a big risk for the reform, and he probably died because of the reform.If he dies, he is an out-and-out man who died for the country and the country, right? yes. That's it.Then I was right. Did you guess wrong? You guessed right, besides death, the other reason why you don't want to live is the dead king.how do you say?Once you are determined to die, the reason for death is not only the matter, but also the human element, and the human element has the emperor's element, the emperor is the king! Your inference, I thought about it carefully, is not unreasonable, at least after the death of the emperor, after my death, in the eyes of people, I will inevitably be the dead king, at least the dead king is more than the dead thing.The reason for this is that in Chinese history, most of them were dead kings, and they didn't know about death, so when the emperor died and I died, people naturally believed that this was a dead king.Another reason is that the idea of ​​death is not common at all. Even if someone reads my book in the future, they will belong to a small number of intellectuals. It is natural to assume that this is the dead king.So, from a formal point of view, I am dead, and I may not get much fame for death. The reason for this is mainly because of Guangxu. Guangxu is the emperor. His name is too famous. You reformed and martyred together with him, but you died for another reason. This is difficult to establish in people's minds. The purpose was sucked away by him.So your act of death must be established; the act of death may be buried instead. And, what's worse, in the eyes of the revolutionary party, it was even explained that I died for the Manchurians, and I was still a traitor! Will it take time to prove that in the eyes of the Manchus, the emperor is not a traitor. If he is dead, in the eyes of the Manchus, why is he not dying for the Han people? When it comes to the Man-Han issue, it is really a painful issue. I am determined to die without any regrets. The only thing I am worried about is that I have never been able to convince Da Dao Wang Wu and his brothers on this issue. That should be a matter of time, you didn't have enough time to persuade.Da Dao Wang Wu and the others are people with rough lines, and people with thick lines belong to the lower fools, but the upper wisdom and the lower fools are the most difficult to move. I don't think there is enough time, but other reasons.You say they are stupid, you are right, you can use your mind and mouth to change the upper mind; I think it is not enough to use the mind and mouth to change the lower mind, you have to use other things.How many times have I told them about the Man-Han issue, but they still don't listen.I know they are also in great pain, because they trust me too much, and in the end, not only did I affirm that I should cooperate with the Manchurians to save China, but I even hooked up with the Emperor of Manchuria to cooperate. The changes were too great for them to adapt to. In the end? In the end, I stopped making them suffer. I decided not to meet each other, and decided to use other methods. When you go out, do you still see them? I don't think so. What if there is time? There is no time or opportunity.I must have been noticed. Meeting them at this time will hurt them. As you said just now, apart from proving that the reforms of various countries start with bloodshed.Besides your willingness to shed blood, what else does your determination to die prove?Will it prove anything else? When a person is about to die, his words are also kind.What is goodness?Kindness is a kind of merit, a kind of frankness.I can tell you what I say from the bottom of my heart, my death, my reputation, will be dismembered. Dismember?you mean I mean my death has multiple meanings, multiple interpretations.After you went overseas, together with all the reform parties, you cited me as the martyr of the reform, saying that I took a big step for the reform, and took the most glorious first step. The reform has begun, and the Chinese people must march on Tan Sitong’s blood. . Yes, I mean it because it's true. real?In the eyes of the revolutionary party, it is no longer true.They will say: Look, do you still want to engage in political reform with the Manchurian Tartars?Even if you won the throne in front of the Emperor of Manchuria, you will not be able to do anything, and you will be thrown by the old woman. All the New Deals will disappear in smoke, and everyone will hang their heads on high poles.Do you still want to seek skin from a tiger?Give up, this is the lesson of Tan Sitong's blood, bloody proof that there is only one way for China's future, that is revolution, don't try to take the road of reform!Think about it, Zhuo Ru, is there such a possibility?When I died, I actually helped the Revolutionary Party?If so, wouldn't my reputation be robbed by both parties and be dismembered? I haven't thought about it in this direction. After you say this, then whether you should make such a sacrifice, I really have to think again, think again. I have thought about it. Are you still going to die? This is not a dead end, this is the way of life, this is the way of eternal life. You use death to prove life? What's wrong?Zhuo Ru, I told you just now that when a person is about to die, his words are good. I am not here to say goodbye to my feelings, but to give you a manuscript to tell you what I have in my heart.If it's just a farewell of feelings, I won't come. This is one of the reasons why I don't want to see Da Dao Wang Wu and the others again after I leave here and before I die.I came here to find you, Liang Zhuoru, because there is a special karma between you and me. You have the root of great wisdom, you can understand me, and you can understand what I can't understand. You also understand Mr. Kang, and you understand and continue to understand China's future and China's road. .Now, let me tell you, I am dead. Everyone knows that I died for the reform. Yes, I died for the reform, but I can not die for the reform. There are values ​​and reasons for not dying. I also believe in this value , This kind of reason, so I agree with you not to die, you go.But why should I die?Mencius said: You can die, you can have no death, death hurts courage.Why did I die from injury?Why?Because I have another reason for wanting to die. This reason has been haunting me like a dream for several years, making me contradictory, making it difficult for me to be self-contained, and making me unable to escape. This dream that haunts me is the revolution.How many times, how many times, I think that China's road is this one, the road of revolution, not the road of reform, and the road of revolution taken by others, not the road of reform that I took myself.How many times, this dream popped up in my heart; how many times, I tried to suppress this dream, suppress it.Before I came to Beijing, I traveled to famous mountains and great rivers and made friends from all corners of the country. I belonged to many revolutionaries and few reformers. It was not until I read Mr. Kang’s book, heard about your activities, and met you that I decided to go here. an improved path.Now that the reform has come to this point, I have an urge to use my death to prove to the revolutionary party, to those friends who are engaged in revolution and parted ways with me, look, you are right, I am wrong.From now on, there is only one way to save China, and that is revolution.I fell on the road and told the people behind me with my death: Do not go on this road, this road will not work. Ouch!resurrection, what are you talking about?Your words are terrible. Even if you really deny the reform line and affirm the revolutionary line, then you should not prove your denial and affirmation with death. Why don’t you join the revolution and contribute to the revolution? Power, why do you have to die? Death is a way of contributing strength. When I found out that there are so many reasons, and my way of expression is the best way to die, I am willing to die. Do you think now is the time? Now is the time.Because, to tell you the truth, before I met you, I could have taken the road of revolution. After I met you, you and Mr. Kang were on the road of reform. I needed help, so I came here.If you were taking the road of revolution, I would have come to walk with you without any consideration. You have read my published book, and you have long recognized that it was a fierce revolution. You and Mr. Kang were in Hunan Province. If China does not protect the Qing Dynasty, isn't it also a revolution?We are suffering, and we all know that China needs to be saved, but no one dares to decide which of the two roads of reform and revolution will work, or which will be the closest and fastest, or which will cause the least damage and the best effect.This coup d'état was essentially a wayfinding on the battlefield. We explored the way and proved that the road to reform would not work. I decided to put the corpse there and tell everyone to turn around.Tell all Chinese people with lofty ideals to learn from Tan Sitong and stop having any illusions.So my death, in this sense, means self-sacrifice and cruelty.I hope you will pay attention.What I did not only told reformers not to go their way, told revolutionaries to go their way, but also told the vast number of Chinese people and Chinese intellectuals which way they should go. If you die to tell the revolutionaries to go their way, you don't have to die, the revolutionaries don't need you to tell them to go that way. Revolutionaries don't need me to tell.But some friends who participated in the revolution.Knowing that I told them I was right and I was wrong.Maybe, my real death mood, no one knows.On the surface, others only know that I died for the reform, but they don't know that I can not die for the reform.From a lofty perspective, I didn't die for political reform, I died for revolution. To die for the revolution?Who would think so?Who will admit it?Neither will the Revolutionary Party. The so-called death for the revolution means that one death will be helpful to the revolution and will be of great help. My death will turn the reformers to the revolutionaries and the majority of the Chinese people to the revolutionaries, which means that I am recommending for them that the revolution will be the right way. I made a kind of blood testimonial for them. The Revolutionary Party neither recognizes nor appreciates it. 我何必要他們領情、承認？革命行動像花一樣，有顯性的、有隱性的，我做的是隱性的。他們是顯性。我無須經他們承認我是革命黨，我才是革命黨。 那你為什麼不乾脆去革命？也去做顯性的？ 我做顯性的，到了海外我是什麼，人家說我，我只是一個改良未成憤而革命的傢伙，甚至說我是投機分子也不一定。我加入革命，不過是一個生員、一個生力軍。但如我做隱性的，情況就完全不同。我覺得死比生效果大得多。因為死可以血薦。 你要血薦，你不說你轉向革命，誰知道啊？你何不先到海外，你那時要血薦，你可以發表大家支持革命的宣言，然後當眾切腹自殺，這不也是很好的血薦嗎？總比你這種一言不發大家猜謎式的好。 譚嗣同笑了，他拍拍梁啟超的肩膀，站起來。通過公使館的方窗戶，向遠望著。就是什麼都不能說，才能加強血薦的效果。他側過頭來，望著梁啟超，梁啟超抬頭看他。譚嗣同笑著，卓如啊，你一個勁兒的想說動我出走，事事都朝出走有好處解釋，甚至要死也該在海外死，你可太愛朋友了。你明明知道要血薦就是要借這口老太婆的刀才妙！這也叫借刀殺人吧？怎麼可以自殺？老太婆殺了我，才證明給天下這個政府無道，大家該革命；若如你所說，不給老太婆殺而去自殺，不但給這個老太婆脫了罪，自己消滅了他們的眼中釘，並且自殺又變成了種種離奇解釋。比如說，人家就會說自殺是因為改良失敗而厭世，或是什麼別的，總之，那個時候，整個的效果完全不對了。所以，要血薦，就在這兒血濺，就要血濺菜市口。在這兒，才有最好死的地方，才有最佳死的方式。 如果你對改良的路這樣悲觀，你希望我的，是走那條路？ 我真的不知道你的路，但我知道康先生的路，他的路好像定了型，如果皇上死了，康先生可能轉成革命；但如果皇上活著，康先生在外面，他絕不會丟掉皇上，他一定還是君主立憲，走改良的路。以你跟康先生的關係，我真不知道以後的演變。我說過，卓如兄，你有大慧根，能夠了解我，也能夠了解我不能了解的，也了解康先生，也了解並且不斷了解中國的前途、中國的路，你好自為之吧，你一定會有最正確的選擇、不斷的選擇。人的痛苦是只能同敵人作戰，不能同朋友作戰；或只能同朋友作戰，不能同自己作戰。你可能是一個例外，只有性格上大智大勇又光霽月的人，才能自己同自己作戰，以今天的自己和昨天的自己作戰噢，時候也到了，卓如兄，一切保重了。譚嗣同站起來。 可是，復生 唉，卓如，別以為我死了，我沒有死，我在你身上，我是已死的你，你是沒死的我，你的一部分生命已隨我一同死去，我的一部分生命也隨你形影長生。記得我的《感懷四律》嗎？第四首 What kind of injustice did Liu Huasu have? Pingmo met Nailqi! 直到化泥方是聚； 衹今墮水尚成離。 How can I endure this forever, It is also without town furrow. I am a relative of the Buddha, heavenly relatives and demons, Let go and rob monks for a while. 我們萍水相逢，如今墮水成離，我們是短暫的；但無論天親魔眷、不論漢滿蒙回，中國是永恆的，我們只不過在永恆中短暫離別，早晚化做春泥，還要相會。再會了，卓如，再會了。 可是，復生 譚嗣同把布包交給梁啟超。豹死留皮人死留名，我關心的不是留名，而是留什麼樣的名。我希望你帶走這些稿本，連同我已經發表的，將來一塊兒代我整理、代我印出來，同時用你一支健筆，代我宣傳我這一點苦心焦思以後生命的成績，也算不虛此生。我這三十三年，活得愈久愈覺得完成了自己，尤其認識了你和康先生以後這三年，它是我生命中最後開花的日子，當然，如《法華經》所說：佛告舍利弗，如是妙法，如優曇缽花，時一現耳！到頭來不過曇花一現，但我希望最後是生命本身的曇花一現，而不是如是妙法的曇花一現。我的生命，我願意在三十三之年，就這樣在花開花謝之間告一結束，但我最後畢竟用我的血來印證了我留下一點妙法。再會了，卓如，你不要送我出來，在裏面安全。再會了，卓如，一切保重。 譚嗣同放開了梁啟超的手，一轉身，頭也不回的走出了客廳，平山周緊跟著出來，隨手帶上了門。 梁啟超呆望著門，然後快步走到窗前。從窗口朝外望，譚嗣同從大門走出來，平山周陪著他，並肩朝街口走去。那是一個背影、一個前進著的背影，這樣一個偉大的同志，在一同做了驚天動地的事業以後，為了永恆，一時撒手，只留下背影給你看了。 ☆☆☆☆☆☆ 平山周陪譚嗣同走出公使館，要求送他一程。譚嗣同答應了。兩個人並著肩，向西走去。街上很靜、很乾淨，他們經過了西班牙使館、英租地、俄國兵營、荷蘭使館、美國使館、美國兵營，向南轉向正陽門。離開了這些使館區，就是中國的氣氛。正陽門地方是北京最繁盛的地段，正陽門也叫前門，這個前字，說明了一切；前字旁邊就是這麼多使館區，也說明了一切，前門是北京內城南邊正中間的大門，蓋在紫禁城的中線上，高達十二丈，是北京所有城門裏最雄偉的。它的南邊，包了一座半圓的城牆，叫甕城，半圓中點，有一座箭樓，箭樓的目的是保護正陽門的門樓，這是設計時的周到地方。出了箭樓，就是護城河，河上有橋，過了橋，向東的街叫東河沿、向西的叫西河沿，橋頭就是聯在一起的五個牌樓，叫五牌樓，所以正陽門外面，等於有兩道前面的建築箭樓和五牌樓。出了五牌樓，就是向南的大街，叫正陽門外大街，也叫前門大街，也叫五牌樓大街，這條大街，直奔天橋、天壇、先農壇，以到外城的大門永定門。出了五牌樓向右轉，就是北京的娛樂區大柵欄，有戲院。從大柵欄後面穿出，就走到李鐵拐斜街。斜街，因為它的方向是西南斜，北京城的街道大多是南北向、東西向，很整齊，叫斜街，就表示它不整齊。北京是一個古城，到處是歷史、是傳說、是神話和掌故。李鐵拐是中國八仙裏的用拐杖的跛子，叫斜街做李鐵拐斜街。 平山周陪譚嗣同走著，一路談的，多是沿途的地理與掌故。譚嗣同奇怪這日本人對中國了解如此之深。他從平山周機警的眼神裏、淵博的談吐裏，驀然想起：這個人，難道真是日本外交人員嗎？他愈想愈疑惑。他聽說日本秘密社會像黑龍會等的成員，許多都是支那通。眼前這位平山周的東洋人，難道不是黑龍會的人物嗎？ 平山周從譚嗣同的機警眼神裏，也有了高手過招的默識。最後，在瀏陽會館門口，他鞠躬而退了。他用深情的眼神望著譚嗣同，轉身走上回程。