Chapter 20 Chapter 7 Internal Contradictions of the Ruling Class I. The Hulan Party Case

The Huaixi Peasant Armed Group headed by Zhu Yuanzhang resolutely opposed the ruling Mongolian and Han landlord class at the time of the uprising. Dukes, marquises, high-ranking officials and lords, governed the feudal ruling class of 60 million subjects. According to statistics in the fourth year of Hongwu, Li Shanchang, the Duke of Korea, Xu Da, the Duke of Wei, Chang Mao (the son of Chang Yuchun), the Duke of Zheng, Li Wenzhong, the Duke of Cao, Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song, Deng Yu, the Duke of Wei, and 28 princes including the Marquis of Yan’an and Marquis of Ji’an All the princes own a large amount of farmland, and there are thirty-eight thousand one hundred and ninety-four tenants.

The emperor was from the Huai River, the prime minister Li Shanchang, Xu Dahe hero Tang He, Geng Junyong, Bingwen and his son, Guo Xing, Guo Ying, Zhou Dexing, Zheng Yuchun, Lu Zhongheng, Cao Zhen, Zhang Yi, Chen Huan, Sun Ke, Xie Cheng, Li Xin, He Fu, Zhang Long, Zhang He, Hu Quan, Chen Ti, Wang Zhi, Tang Shengzong, Fei Ju, Gu Shi, Tang Duo, Ma Shixiong, staff Li Menggeng, Shan Anren, Yu Xin, Guo Jingxiang, etc. are all from Fengyang. Among them, Tang He and Zhou Dexing were from the same village as Yuan Zhang.Most of the princes, marquises and important officials of the court are Huai people.As far back as Zhu Yuanzhang first came to Jiqing, the poet Bei Qiong wrote in his poem: "If the soldiers of the two rivers join together and the red scarves are exhausted, how can there be a paradise to avoid Qin?"Immediately, there are many Chu guests in short clothes, and half Huai people in the city with high buns.The Huai River Basin belonged to Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. From these few lines of poems, we can see the views of Confucian scholars and literati at that time on the prominent people from Chu and Huai.After Zhu Yuanzhang established the country and proclaimed himself emperor, the Huai people became more and more overwhelming in politics, military affairs and economics. Non-Huai people were squeezed out and suppressed. They were unwilling and tried every means to gain Zhu Yuanzhang’s trust. Internally, the non-Huai people and the Huaixi Group struggled for power and profit, and the contradiction became more and more acute. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of this contradiction, reused Huai people and used non-Huai people to monitor the Huai people, and strengthened and consolidated his power.

Heroes have made meritorious service in bloody battles, and they have trilogy, adopted sons, and a large number of servants. They also have commanding relationships with military officers in various guards. In a peaceful environment, such a small number of armed forces and robes are possible. Became a factor in the overthrow of royal rule. The system of the Zhongshu Province, an institution that manages political affairs across the country, was inherited from the Yuan Dynasty.The Prime Minister of Zhongshu Province is in charge of government affairs and has a lot of power.When the relative weight is increased, the emperor's power is relatively weakened. Zhu Yuanzhang is a person with a strong desire for power, and he has to decide everything by himself.However, the prime minister system with a long history and tradition played a check on the supreme power of the emperor.

The illegal exploitation of the people by the aristocratic landlords, the covert occupation of the royal tax and servitude, the exclusion and attack of the non-Huai people by the Huaixi Group, the threat of rebellion by the military aristocrats; the contradiction between the power of the prime minister and the power of the monarchy, these internal contradictions are accompanied by the state The machine is strengthened and developed day by day, the conflict becomes more and more serious, and finally reaches the point of irreconcilability.Relying on the support of small and medium-sized landlords, Zhu Yuanzhang consolidated his regime by means of bloodshed by means of inspections and the army directly under his control.In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, Hu Weiyong, the prime minister, was killed, and in the twenty-sixth year, the hero Lan Yu was killed. Those who were related to Hu Weiyong and Lan Yu were called the Hu Party and the Blue Party, and the number was about 40,000.There has been a long history of aristocratic landlords infringing on the interests of the people and the dynasty and breaking the law.In the tenth year of Dragon and Phoenix, Zhu Yuanzhang once said to Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others: You started from me, and achieved this feat with difficulty, and it was due to bandits day and night.Biwen Er et al.'s family children are arrogant and arrogant, beyond the rules of etiquette, villains have no scruples, if they are not punished early, or quarrels arise, they would rather not be burdened by them.In the third year of Hongwu: At that time, the military ministers relied on their merits and arrogance, and more and more people offended them.Four years: At that time, the tenants of the public land and villages given by the Xunchens mostly relied on the power and acted against the law, and bullied the village, and the Xunchens couldn't help it.In May of the sixth year, Zhu Yuanzhang broke the law with his meritorious officials, and his servants killed people without reporting. Order the Ministry of Industry to make an iron list, and cast a decree admonishing the princes:

Fan Gonghou's family forcibly occupied the official and civilian mountain fields, lakes, tea gardens, reeds, gold, silver, copper fields, and iron smelting; All the people who are in charge of the village in the home of the heroes, etc., rely on their power to bully the people in the village; Those who are the tenants of the land of the meritorious officials, the cadres of the village, the firemen, the servants, and other relatives, etc., who rely on the power to dominate the people and seize the land and property; In addition to granting ceremonial households and tenant households, the households of all princes and princes have already registered with the official, and they dare to secretly entrust the door to shadow the corvee;

Where the family of a duke and lord, relying on the powerful, oppressing the good and the good, stealing people's fields and houses to breed livestock; The home of all the heroes receives the land from all the people, and Meng Yu donates the property. Penalties and sentences are stipulated item by item.Among them, the prince's family relied on the power to bully others, seized and invaded the land and property, and privately served under the door, shadowing the servants and corvees, all of which were punished by execution.It is clear that the former violated the imperial court’s laws and regulations protecting private property, and the latter violated the imperial corvee policy, both of which must be severely punished.From the fact that Zhu Yuanzhang had to formulate special laws and regulations to restrain the heroes of the Huaixi Group and their managers, etc., it shows that the crimes listed in the iron list are already universal and serious, and it also shows that Zhu Yuanzhang and the leader of this group Although the characters have lived and died together in the past, they have shared adversity, but they are not monolithic. With the emergence, growth, and development of internal conflicts, they gradually come to opposites.For example, Tang He's uncle concealed the land in Changzhou and was killed by Yuan Zhang.After the establishment of the iron list, Lanyu became tyrannical and violent, and thousands of slaves and fake sons in the livestock farm came in and out to take advantage of the situation to fish and hunt.Tasting to occupy Dongchang people's land, the people complained to the censor, who was arraigned according to law, and Lan Yu beat him away with a stick.He also ordered his family members to buy more than 10,000 citations of Yunnan salt privately, relying on the situation to cash in, embezzling people's wealth and preventing the destruction of salt law.Guo Ying raised more than 150 domestic slaves privately, and killed five men and women without authorization.Zhou Dexing's mansion was overrun.Zhu Liangzu was in the Lingnan town, and as an expert, he was especially greedy.It can be seen that the laws of the feudal dynasty did not have much binding force on these noble landlords of the Huaixi Group.

In order to consolidate his ruling power, Zhu Yuanzhang tried his best to maintain the law and order that served the ruling class, and he would never show favoritism to those who violated or violated the law.As early as when Jinhua was taken, because of the lack of food, alcohol was strictly prohibited. At this time, General Hu Dahai was leading the troops to surround Shaoxing. Seeing that the general army attacked Shaoxing, Dahai can spare him for his own sake.Yuan Zhang said angrily: "I would rather Hu Dahai turned against me than destroy my order!"He drew his own knife and killed these people.Zhao Zhongzhong, the old general who crossed the river, defended Anqing, Chen Youliang sent an army to besiege, the city was destroyed, Zhongzhong escaped, Yuan Zhang was furious, and ordered to be executed according to the law of the lost city, Chang Yuchun persuaded: Zhongzhong is an old man who crossed the river, please forgive him.Yuan Zhang said: If you don't follow the military law, you can't stop your future.Give a bowstring and make him hang himself.After Xie Zaixing rebelled against Zhang Shicheng, his younger brothers Xie San and Xie Wu guarded Yuhang. Li Wenzhong led an army to besiege the city and asked them to surrender.Wen Zhong swore to the sky: I am the commander-in-chief, I will not kill you.After the five Xie brothers surrendered, Yuan Zhang ordered them to be escorted to Nanjing. Wen Zhong thought that if he killed the second Xie, he would lose his trust and no one would surrender.Yuanzhang said: Xie Zaixing is my in-laws. It is unforgivable to betray my sincerity!Or kill Xie San and Xie Wu.In order to protect feudal law and order, he would rather let the former enemy's leading generals rebel than execute those who violated the ban. Zhu Yuanzhang has always adhered to this spirit and summarized it into a theory. It must be fierce!Govern the country with fierceness and strictness. In this way, it has to split and even confront the Huaixi Group more and more, and solve the problem with bloodshed.

The central figure of the Huai people's bureaucratic group is Li Shanchang.He was the secretary of the shogunate after Zhu Yuanzhang started his army, he was the right minister when he became king, and the left minister and prime minister after he became emperor, ranking first in the court.The son is the emperor's son-in-law and captain.Hu Weiyong, his relative and fellow countryman, also succeeded him as prime minister.During the seventeen years when Li Shanchang and Hu Weiyong were in power successively, they tried their best to exclude non-Huai people from being in power.Liu Ji, the leader of the East Zhejiang Landlord Group, was also a founding hero and a trusted adviser to Zhu Yuanzhang. Yuanzhang said to his son: When I arrived in Wuzhou, I won Chuzhou.There was Fang Guozhen in the east, Chen Youding in the south, and the Zhang family in the west. Liu Bowen stood up and followed me.Fighting everywhere in Poyang Lake, he has contributed.In the battle with Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, he put forward correct opinions to Yuan Zhang.The military guard system that formed the Ming army was also his suggestion, and he contributed a lot.But when he was making meritorious officials, Liu Ji only granted the title of Bo Chengyi, with a yearly salary of 240 shi.Li Shanchang was granted the title of Duke of South Korea, with a yearly salary of four thousand stones.Zhu Yuanzhang went to the Bianliang General Assembly. Li Shanchang and Yushi Zhongcheng Liu Ji stayed in Nanjing. Shanchang's confidant, Zhongshu Province, was accused of breaking the law by Li Bin. Shanchang pleaded for mercy, but Liu Ji refused to listen. Li Bin killed.The Zhedong Landlord Group was originally a thorn in the side of the Huaixi Group, and with this incident, the hatred deepened.After Yuanzhang came back, he asked Liu Ji to ask for leave and go home after listening to Shanchang's instigation.In the fourth year of Hongwu, he simply asked him to report his old age and return to his hometown to live idle.Before that, Yuanzhang had discussed with Liu Ji the candidate for the prime minister. Some people attacked Li Shanchang. Liu Ji said that he was an old man with meritorious service and could reconcile the generals.Yuan Zhang said: "He has tried to harm you many times, why do you still speak well for him?"I think you should be the prime minister.Liu Ji himself knew that he was untenable when the Huaixi Group was in power, so he resolutely resigned.Yuan Zhang asked him how Yang Xian, Wang Guangyang and Hu Weiyong were doing.Yang Xian is a good friend of Liu Ji, but Liu Ji thinks that although Yang Xian is talented, he is not good enough, Wang Guangyang is shallow, and Hu Weiyong is not good enough.A few years later, when Hu Weiyong came to power, he hated Liu Ji for speaking ill of him, so he used an excuse to attack Yuan Zhang and get Liu Ji Suilu removed.Liu Ji had no choice but to go to Nanjing to plead guilty, and did not even dare to go back home. Hu Weiyong sent a doctor to see him.After the Hu Weiyong case, someone reported that Liu Ji was poisoned to death by Hu Weiyong.Yuan Zhang talked to Liu Ji's son later, and said many times: When Liu Bowen was here, the whole court was full of parties, but he didn't follow him alone, and he was eaten by every (their) gu.He also said, "Don't tell me that your father has eaten his gu."He just knows it, and he hates him every time.If it's the one who doesn't know, he doesn't hate him every time.Up to now, my court has a clue, and I will not lose his good name in the end.He also said: When Liu Bowen was here, the Hu family formed a party, but I can't say it.He also said: Later, the Hu family formed a clique and fell into a gu after eating him. One day, I said, "Your Majesty, there is a hard lump in my stomach now, sorry to see it."I sent someone to send him back, and the family died.Later, Xuande's son came to ask, and said that it swelled up tightly, but then died, and it was just because of Gu.His eldest son was also killed in Jiangxi by taking other medicines.From these words, we can clearly see the sharp struggle between the landlord groups in two different regions within the feudal ruling class.Yang Xian, a native of Yangqu, Shanxi, was the inspector in the early days of Yuanzhang, and the calendar official went to Taichung Cheng, the censor.Yuan Zhang loved him for his talent, so he said that Yang Xian could be a good figure.Yang Xian, inspector Ling Shuo, Gao Jianxian, and Xia Yu took turns telling Yuanzhang that Li Shanchang had no talent as a prime minister and wanted to squeeze out Shanchang. Yuanzhang said: Although Shanchang has no talent, he is from my hometown. Hard work, hard work, and a lot of credit.I am the emperor, so he should naturally be the prime minister. This is using old ministers and heroes, so don't talk about it in the future.Having said that, he was a little shaken after hearing too much, so he discussed with Liu Ji to use Yang Xian as his prime minister.Hu Weiyong heard the wind, and quickly told Shanchang: "Yang Xian is the prime minister, and we Huai people can't be high officials."This matter related to the vital interests of the entire Huaixi Group, and it was a life-and-death struggle. They united and worked together to fall. Yang Xian was finally killed, and Ling Shuo, Gao Jianxian, and Xia Yu were also executed successively.Similarly, Yang Xian tried every means to exclude people who were not in his own system. For example, Zhan Ding, a native of Ninghai who once served as Fang Guozhen's shogunate, was sentenced to Shangyu. Yuanzhang liked the book, and wanted to make it for the officials.Yang Xian was jealous of his talent and tried his best to stop him.It was not until Yang Xian died that he became a small official.The rivalry between the Huaixi Group and the Zhedong Group, Yang Xian and others’ rejection of the Huaixi Group, the crowding out of people who were not in their own system, and the political struggles that evolved from the rural concept were a feature of Hongwu’s early politics.

The threat of military aristocrats to the royal rule, since Xie Zaixing's rebellion and Shao Rong's case, made Zhu Yuanzhang very nervous, heightened his vigilance, and tried every means to maintain his dictatorship. Yuan Zhang didn't dare to trust the generals, so he used his family members to stay in Beijing as a pledge.After Shao Rong and Zhao Jizu were killed, Yuan Zhang became more and more worried about the generals. He relied on the inspection school to investigate the private affairs of the soldiers, and everyone in the generals was in danger.Xu Da and Tang He were very cautious and cautious, and they were also suspected. The courtiers spread rumors, which further created tension.The iron list in the fifth year of Hongwu stipulated in the legal form: all internal and external commanders, thousands of households, and hundreds of households, and the general and small banners, etc., are not allowed to privately receive gold, silk, clothes, and money from princes; When going out for an expedition, you are not allowed to stand and wait at the head of the prince's gate; the prince and other officials are not allowed to serve in the army privately unless they are specially ordered.The tighter Yuan Zhang's control over the princes and generals, the deeper the contradictions and the wider the rift.

Finally, the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class concentrated on the struggle between imperial power and relative power. Hu Weiyong was Yuan Zhang's commander-in-chief in Hezhou, a relative of Li Shanchang, and an important figure in the Huaixi bureaucracy.Due to Li Shanchang's strong recommendation, in the third year of Hongwu, he became an official in the middle school and participated in political affairs. In the sixth year, he was promoted to the prime minister of the right and the prime minister of the left.He won the trust of Yuanzhang, and his power grew day by day.Relying on being an old man in Huaixi, and having the support of Li Shanchang and other veterans and important officials, he insisted on doing it alone, and sometimes dealt with major matters such as life and death in the court and personnel, and did not report to Yuanzhang.The reports from the internal and external yamen are withheld if they are unfavorable to themselves.People from all over the country who want to be an official or get promoted, heroes and soldiers who are frustrated, all run under his door, giving gold and silk, famous horses, and playing well.After being the prime minister for seven years, old colleagues and friends under the door formed a strong small group.

Zhongshu Province is in charge of the overall affairs of the country, and the prime minister has the right to make decisions on all common affairs, command all officials, and is only responsible to the emperor.Before Hu Weiyong, Prime Minister Li Shanchang was cautious, Xu Da often led troops outside, and the conflict with Zhu Yuanzhang was not very obvious.Then there was Wang Guangyang from Gaoyou, a literati who loved to drink, was mediocre and had no opinions, and did not dare to take charge of affairs. He was also squeezed out by the Huaixi Group, offended and killed.Hu Weiyong has been in Zhongshu Province for the longest time and has the heaviest power, which has made Yuanzhang feel very displeased that he has lost power. The political heads of the imperial court were combined, and the conflict with Zhu Yuanzhang became more serious.Zhu Yuanzhang directly led the army and the school, determined to eliminate this heinous trouble. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, he killed Hu Weiyong on the charge of arrogating power and perverting the law.And set a law, in the future, the official post of prime minister is not allowed.In the twenty-eighth year, it was ordered: since ancient times, the three princes have discussed the Tao, and the six ministers have divided their duties.Since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the prime minister was set up, and he died without hesitation.In the Han, Tang, and Song Dynasties, although there were virtuous ministers, most of them used villains, who were authoritarian and chaotic.I dismissed the Prime Minister and set up five government offices and six ministries, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, the General Administration Department, Dali Temple and other yamen to handle the common affairs of the world.In the future, the successor will not be allowed to establish a prime minister, and if the ministers dare to ask for the establishment, the civil and military officials will immediately impeach and punish them severely.The court mentioned here is himself, which is fundamentally different from the previous courts.Since the prime minister was dismissed, the government, ministries, courts, and divisions have been divided into general affairs. The purpose is to disperse power and not dare to suppress each other.From Zhongshu Province’s general administration of power to the emperor’s personal management of common affairs, the feudal autocratic regime has been more centralized since then, concentrated in the hands of one person, and the emperor has become a dictator who takes care of all political affairs. Hu Weiyong was killed in order to monopolize the regime.In the twenty-sixth year, someone accused the general Lanyu of treason, and the family punished Lanyu.Lan Yu is from Dingyuan, Chang Yuchun's wife and younger brother.Leading the army under Chang Yuchun's command, he was brave and good at fighting, and made many military exploits.In the 20th year of Hongwu, the left deputy general was recruited from the general Feng Sheng and Naha, and Feng Sheng was offended, that is, the army took the place of the general.In the 21st year, a commander of 150,000 troops fought against Mongolia, until they reached the Yuerhai Sea. The leader of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Tuogusi Timur, fled with dozens of horses.After the death of Chang Yuchun and Xu Da, Lan Yu succeeded him as a general, led the army in battle, made great achievements, and became proud and complacent. Advance and stop self-discipline, do not listen to Yuan Zhang's orders.He also thought that the official was small, and he was not willing to be under Fu Youde and Feng Sheng. Yuan Zhang refused to accept the opinions put forward by Fu Youde and Feng Sheng, and became more and more dissatisfied.He has been in charge of the army for many years, and there are more than a dozen brave generals under his command, with high prestige.In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, the Jinyiwei official of Yuanzhang's secret service organization first sued Lanyu for treason, saying that he and Jingchuanhou Cao Zhen and other princes planned to start a rebellion when Yuanzhang was out to clear the fields. More than five thousand people.This case almost killed all the brave and strong men in the army. After Hu Weiyong was killed, the Hu case became a convenient weapon for Zhu Yuanzhang to carry out political struggles. All civil and military officials who harbored grievances, acted domineeringly, and were dangerous to the royal rule, and rich landlords were successively regarded as criminals of the Hu Party by Luo Zhi, and executed and ransacked their homes. .Hu Weiyong's crimes also developed with the development of the internal contradictions of the ruling class and expanded at any time.The crime added at the beginning was liaison with Japan, and then liaison with Mongolia. Japan and Mongolia were the two major enemies at the time, and collaborating with the enemy was of course treason.Later, it developed into collusion with Li Shanchang to rebel and completely destroyed the main force of the Huaixi Group.Finally, in the Lanyu case, even most of the military nobles in the Huaixi Group were wiped out.Those who are killed are all based on the family, and killing one person is killing the whole family.The main people who died in the Hu case were Chen Ning, the imperial historian, Tu Jie, the censor, Li Shanchang, the grand master of South Korea, Tang Shengzong, the Marquis of Yan'an, Lu Zhongheng, the Marquis of Ji'an, Fei Ju, the Marquis of Pingliang, Zhao Yong, the Marquis of Nanxiong, Zheng Yuchun, the Marquis of Xingyang, Huang Bin, the Marquis of Yichun, and Hou Luju, Xuande Hou Jin Chaoxing, Jingning Hou Yesheng, Shen Guogong Deng Zhen, Jining Hou Gujing, Linjiang Hou Chenyong, Yingyang Hou Yangtong, Huaian Hou Huazhong; General Mao Xiang, Li Bosheng, Ding Yu and Song Shen, the grandson of Song Lian Wait, Song Lian was also implicated and demoted to death in Maozhou, Sichuan.The main figures who died in the Blue Party included Zhan Hui, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, Fu Youwen, Minister of the Household Department, Chang Sheng, Duke of Jingchuan, Zhang Yi, Marquis of Jingchuan, Zhang Yi, Marquis of Heqing, Zhu Shou, Marquis of Chaga, Bo Herong of Dongguan, Chen Huan, Marquis of Puding, Xuan Cao Tai, Marquis of Ning, Zhang Wen, Marquis of Huining, Cao Xing, Marquis of Huaiyuan, Puqi, Marquis of Xiliang, Hanxun, Marquis of Dongping, Sun Ke, Marquis of Quanning, Chahan, Marquis of Shenyang, Sangjing, the first uncle of Hui, Huang Ren, Tang Quan and others.In the Hu case, there was a record of proclaiming traitorous parties, and in the Lan case, there was a record of treasonous ministers. The confessions obtained through torture and the detailed records of the verdict were published to let the whole country know their crimes. Ten years after Hu Weiyong was killed, and in the 23rd year of Hongwu, Li Shanchang, the grand master of South Korea, was also involved in Hu Weiyong's case. Zhu Yuanzhang pretended to have a star change, so he had to kill the ministers to respond to the disaster. Let's kill together, Shanchang is seventy-seven years old this year.A year later, someone appealed for his innocence and said: Shanchang and His Majesty have the same heart, and they will die ten thousand times to win the world. The most honored ministers are the first.It is not yet known if he wants to use his orders to try to misbehave.Now it is absurd to say that he wants to assist Hu Weiyong.People love their sons more than the sons of their brothers, and those who enjoy the wealth and honor of perfection will not get rich and honor by chance.Being good at being good and being only mediocre is like a child's own ear, and your majesty is like a parent's child.To make the good leader Zuo Wei mediocre, it is nothing more than the number one honored minister, the prince of the Taishi Kingdom is nothing more than the king, the lord and the concubine are nothing more than that, Ning Fu has added to today?And if you are good at it, don't you know that it is unlucky to take it in the world?In the season of the Yuan Dynasty, there is no limit to those who want to do this. How many people can protect the leader if they are all fans of the clan and sacrifices?You can see it by yourself if you are good at growing a beard, but do you do it when you are tired and tired?For those who do this, there must be a deep hatred and upheaval, and there is a big last resort, and the father and son may even coerce each other in order to escape the disaster.Today, Qi Shanchang's son, prepares your Majesty's flesh and blood relatives, and has no suspicion of weaving. Why bother to do this all of a sudden?If it is said that the celestial phenomenon changes, the minister should be a disaster, and he should be killed to respond to the celestial phenomenon, especially not.The minister is afraid that the world will hear it, saying that merit is as good as it is long and so, and the four directions will disintegrate because of it.Now that the good master is dead, it is useless to speak, and I hope that your majesty will be a warning to future ears. All the questions made sense. After Yuanzhang saw it, he had nothing to refute, so he had to forget it. In addition to the second case, when the founding hero was killed, Liao Yongzhong, the Marquis of Deqing in the eighth year of Hongwu, was sentenced to death by taking advantage of the lawlessness of dragons and phoenixes; Zhou Dexing, the Marquis of Jiang Xia, was killed on the ambiguous charge of being thin and unrefined; in the 27th year, Wang Bi, the Marquis of Dingyuan, Xie Cheng, the Marquis of Yongping, and Fu Youde, the Duke of Ying; was killed in the 28th year, Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song. Not only were the generals killed, but Zhu Wenzheng, the adopted son and nephew of Zhu Wenzheng, who stood firm in Nanchang for seventy-five days and made great contributions in rejecting Chen Youliang, was whipped to death for being close to Confucian scholars and harboring resentment.Li Wenzhong, the adopted son's nephew, made great contributions in the Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition, but was also poisoned to death because there were many Confucian scholars and respectful corporals around him.Xu Da was the number one hero in founding the country. He was born with gangrene in the eighteenth year of Hongwu. It is said that steamed goose is the most forbidden food for this disease. When he was seriously ill, Yuanzhang gave him steamed goose. just die. There are a few examples of heroes and veterans who died well by luck: one is Tang He who returned the military power. He was from the same village as Zhu Yuanzhang, and he was a cow-watching partner who grew up together.After Xu Da and Li Wenzhong died, Yuan Zhang wanted to remove the military power of the veteran generals, but he was embarrassed to say so.Tang He understands his old partner's concern, so he is the first to sue him.Yuan Zhang was overjoyed, and immediately sent officials to build a mansion in Fengyang for him, and rewarded him with special courtesy.Another example is that Cao Guogong Li Jinglong and Wuding Hou Guoying returned farmland and tenants. In the 23rd year of Hongwu, Chongshan Hou Li Xin suggested that there should be a specified number of Gonghou family members and Yi Cong households, and those in excess should be returned to the court.Yuan Zhang was very dissatisfied with this group of noble landlords occupying more land and tenants, and he was very happy to hear that.It was ordered that all households exceeding the regulations should be sent to Fengyang for the people.He also asked the Ministry of Rites to compile an anthology record, strictly prohibiting princes from extravagance.In the 26th year, Li Jinglong returned the No. 6 Zhuangtian Institute, and the fields, mountains, ponds and ponds were more than 200 hectares.Guo Ying returned the tenants and paid taxes according to law.Neither of these two people had any accidents in the Hongwu Dynasty.