Chapter 24 Chapter Eight Family Life II. Thought and Life

Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor peasantry and was a wandering monk, begging for food everywhere.After joining the army, he gained power and status, and served as the right deputy marshal under the order of Han Liner until the prime minister. The purpose of the Red Army uprising was to overthrow the joint rule of the Mongolian and Han feudal landlords, but the bureaucracy established inherited the enemies they opposed. , is a feudal system.Zhu Yuanzhang became a bureaucrat in the feudal system and employed a large number of Confucian scholars from the landlord class. His thinking changed day by day, from betraying the landlord class to safeguarding the interests of the landlord class.Under the influence of Confucian scholars, he worked hard to learn culture, often talked about the past and the present, and accepted historical experience and lessons as a guide for marching and dealing with affairs.He thought he was born in a poor and humble family, and was afraid of being despised, so he pretended to be miraculous, set up Shinto teachings, frightened the common people, and colluded with Taoist monks to fabricate many miracles.This was originally a trick that feudal emperors were accustomed to in the past, but Zhu Yuanzhang just intensified it.For more than 30 years, Confucian scholars, Taoist priests, and monks have been fully utilized as tools for him to improve himself and consolidate his rule.

Let’s start with the role of Confucianism. From crossing the river to becoming emperor, he and Confucian scholars in the shogunate, such as Fan Chang, Tao An, Xia Yu, Sun Yan, Yang Xian, Qin Conglong, Chen Yu, Kong Keren, Fan Zuqian, Ye Yi, Wu Chen, Ye Zanyu, Hu Han, Wang Zhongshan, Li Gongchang, Dai Liang, Liu Ji, Song Lian and others discussed day and night and told about classics and history.After more than ten years of studying feudal culture, after middle age, Yuanzhang not only knew some Confucian classics, could write popular colloquial Chinese, but also could compose poems with rhyme, appreciate and criticize literary works. up.

Before proclaiming himself emperor, whenever he had time, he sat down with Confucian scholars to compose poems. Fan Chang always handed in the first volume. Yuan Zhang said with a smile: "Old Fan's poems are simple, very similar to his personality."When he first came to Huizhou, Zhu Sheng asked for an inscription, and Yuan Zhang personally wrote the plaque on the Plum Blossom Chuyue Building, discussed academics with Tao An, and was the first in Hanyuan's articles.door post to him.When Chen Youliang was on the expedition, he passed by Changsha King Wu Rui's Temple, and saw Hu Run's poems. He liked it very much and summoned him immediately.In the fourth year of Hongwu, Hu Run came to see him as a scholar from the government. Yuan Zhang still remembered clearly and said: This scholar wrote a poem on the wall of Poyang Temple that year.The governor's mansion is the capital of the government.Poyang Lake won a big victory, and wrote poems with Xia Yu and others.Song Lian didn't know how to drink, so he was barely drunk, and wrote "Chu Ci" for him, and gave him a good horse to write "White Horse Song".

After becoming emperor, he liked writing and ink even more. Mao Qi, Tao An, and An Ran died, and wrote sacrificial rites in person.Gui Yanliang wrote an article to see him off when he became the king of Jin Fu.Song Na accidentally warmed himself to the fire while studying, burned his clothes and hurt his body, and wrote an essay to warn him.Zhang Jiushao retired and returned to his hometown, and wrote a composition to see him off. He can write popular colloquial Chinese, and advocates that articles should be written clearly, channel skills, and current affairs, that is, to meet political requirements.After reading Zeng Lu's article, I liked it very much, and said: After reading Tao Kaiwen, I have already become satisfied.Lu is like this again, and his literary fortune will be prosperous!I like to study phonology. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, "Yinshi Yunfu" was often used at hand. It used the old rhyme to come out of Jiangzuo, and ordered Yue Shaofeng to refer to the phonology of the Central Plains, and named it "Hongwu Zhengyun".

I often write poetry.Such as "Chrysanthemum Poem": I don't post when Baihua sends it out, but if I do, I'll be scared to death! If you want to fight against the west wind, you should wear golden armor all over your body. "Don't provoke nunnery to show monks" Killing all the millions of soldiers in the south of the Yangtze River, the sword at the waist is still bloody. Mountain monks don't know heroes, so they only ask for their names. "Conquering the East to Xiaoxiang" Madu Shatou smells alfalfa, clouds and rain pass Xiaoxiang. The east wind wakes up the dream of a hero, not Xianyang but Luoyang.

It's rough and bold, but also has a certain charm, which is consistent with his personality.He can also compose Fu, have a feast with Confucian officials in Dahontang, and compose Shixue Fu by himself.Personally wrote the stele of Fengyang Emperor's Mausoleum, speaking directly in spoken language, and using rhyme throughout the article.He also knew how to write parallel prose. Xu Dachu wrote a letter to the Duke of the State and personally wrote an imperial edict: Since I set up troops on Haoshang, I first kept the heart of admiring the sun.He also said: Taigong Taolue should be the rule of grand unification, and Deng Yu's fame and fame should stand above the feudal lords.It turned out to be a forty-six writer.

I am particularly interested in history, and I often read books such as Yishu and Song History.In November of the first year of Wu, he discussed with his courtiers: Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty used chasing cunning rabbits to compete with military officials, and instructed his whereabouts to compare with civil officials.I think that to build a foundation and establish a business, it is like building a big house, cutting and cutting, and using military officials and algae paintings to decorate, it must be civil servants.Using words rather than force, for example, how to paint the walls before they are even built?Using force instead of words is like only a space frame, rough and rough, without paint and color painting, it is very ugly.It's not right.Ruling the world requires civil and military support, so that nothing bad will happen.Read "History of the Song Dynasty" Song Taizong changed the seal of the pile storehouse to the inner storehouse, and criticized Song Taizong: the emperor takes the whole world as his home, and uses the wealth of the whole country for the use of the whole country.Why separate public and private?Taizong can be regarded as a virtuous emperor of the Song Dynasty, but he is still so petty, I can't see it!As for the West Garden of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty and the Qionglin Daying Treasury of Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, they scraped people's money for private savings, and they are not worthy of blame.Tell Zhang Xin to take the post of Hanlin and cite Tang Luzhi, Cui Qun and Li Jiang as examples.Instructor Wu Congquan was ignorant of civil affairs, so he refuted the example of Song Huyuan teaching students with special emphasis on current affairs.As far back as June of the eleventh year of Longfeng, he appointed Confucian scholars Teng Yi and Yang Xunwen as daily notes, and ordered to compile and compile the deeds of ancient rulers without Tao, such as Xia Jie, Shang Zhou, Qin Shihuang, and Sui Yang Emperor. Those who want to know the reason for their loss and chaos, take it as a warning.The purpose of his study of history is to absorb the experience of success and failure of the ancients as the basis for his own actions.

He also studied Confucian classics, reading "Chunqiu Zuozhuan" with Song Lian, and "Hongfan Jiuchou" with Chen Nanbin.When reading "Cai's Biography", I found that the operation of Xiangwei was different from Zhu Zi's biography, so I specially recruited Confucian scholars to correct it.He is the author of "Yu Zhu Hong Fan", which is often said by Chen Nanbin. He was born as a monk. After becoming an emperor, he naturally respected Buddhism.He summoned famous Buddhist monks in the southeast to hold a Dharma meeting in Jiangshan, Nanjing, and personally worshiped with all his officials.Among the monks, those who should be satisfied will be awarded golden cassocks and robes, called into the forbidden, and given to sit and give lectures.Wu Yin, Hua Keqin and other monks all returned to the secular world and became high officials. Yuan Zhang thought that the monks were insulated from the secular world and had nothing to do with them. Most of the ministers of civil and military affairs that Yuan Zhang disliked were slandered and offended.Relying on the credit of the report, the monks please create officials for Buddhism, improve the World Academy as a monk record department, and set up officials who control the good world, explain the teachings, preach the scriptures, and feel righteousness, so as to improve their rank.Taoism is also set up in the same way.He himself also wrote a volume of "Jizhu Diamond Sutra".

Famous Taoists who worked for Yuanzhang were Zhou Dian and Tie Guanzi.According to Zhou Dian's deeds in "Zhou Dian Immortal Biography" written by Yuan Zhang: When Zhou Dian was fourteen years old, he became ill and was begging in Nanchang City.When I was in my thirties, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, whenever a new official took office, he must go to see him, saying that he was telling peace.Yuanzhang took Nanchang, and Zhou Dian came to sue Taiping again in a frenzy. Yuanzhang was annoyed by the accusation, so he ordered people to drink soda wine to keep him from getting drunk. Just a little sweat.Called to Jiangshan Temple to send food, the monk came to complain, Zhou Dian and the little novice robbed food, lost their temper and did not eat for half a month, Yuan Zhang went to see it in person, set up a banquet, and invited Zhou Dian to eat a meal.He was locked up in an empty room again, without food for a month, and he didn't care.This story spread, all the soldiers rushed to be the host to invite him to dinner, but he vomited whenever he ate. Only when he was eating with Yuan Zhang did he behave properly.Everyone was convinced, thinking that it was indeed a fairy.

Zhou Dian went to see Yuanzhang and sang: Shandong has to be a province.Draw a map with your hands, point to Yuanzhang and say: You break a barrel (unification) and make a barrel. Yuanzhang went west to Jiujiang, and asked Zhou Dian before he left: Is this trip possible?Response said: Yes!Ask again: Youliang has proclaimed himself emperor, is it not easy to destroy him?Zhou Dian looked up at the sky, and Jishou said solemnly: "There is no one else above."When the boat master set off in Anqing, when there was no wind, he said, "Just do it, just have the wind, if you don't have the courage, there will be no wind."Sure enough, there was a strong wind all of a sudden, and we drove straight to Xiaogushan.

More than ten years later, Yuanzhang suffered from a fever and almost died. The barefoot monk Juexian sent medicine, saying that it was given by Venerable Tianyan and Immortal Zhou Dian, and he recovered after taking it that night. The above miracles were all spoken and written by Yuan Zhang himself.It's all nonsense, not a single human word.The iron crown's surname is Zhang Mingzhong, and he likes to wear an iron crown.Pingzhang Shao Rong participated in politics and Zhao Jizu was killed. Some people say that he reported on it.Chen Youliang was also in the army when he was recruited. It is said that he calculated the time for Nanchang's siege and victory. He used the Dongyuan method to worship the wind, and the boatmen went straight to Poyang Lake.Like Zhou Dian, he was a tool used by Yuan Zhang to set up Shinto teachings, elevate himself, and fool his subjects. The Taoist classic that Yuanzhang often read is "Tao Te Ching", and he is the author of two volumes of "Imperial Notes on Tao Te Ching".His view of "Tao Te Ching" is that this scripture is the root of all things, the master of kings, and the ultimate treasure of subjects, and it is not a golden alchemy.As a political theory classic.In the "Preface to the Tao Te Ching" written: Since he came to the throne, he has not known the way of the philosopher kings of the previous generation.One day, I tried to read a group of books, and found a volume of "Tao Te Ching" in the inspection room. I saw this scripture said: People don't fear death, so how can they be afraid of death.At that time, the world was first settled, and the people were obstinate and the officials were evil. Although ten people abandoned the market (beheading) in the morning, and a hundred people still did it in the evening, shouldn't this be what the scriptures say, I will give up capital punishment and imprison them. .It can be seen from this that the relationship between the method of punishing offending officials in the early Ming Dynasty to work in the Huai and Si areas and the Tao Te Ching. The secret of Yuanzhang's use of monkhood had already been pointed out at that time.In the 21st year of Hongwu, there is a passage in Xie Jin's tens of thousands of words: Your Majesty's talent is extremely high, and it fits with the Tao, and the Shinto is absurd, and I know that your Majesty has a deep eye.However, it is unavoidable for the so-called gods to teach, and the minister said that it must be otherwise.The map of unification has been determined, the people's hearts have been convinced for a while, all the traitors have been frightened, the sky will not change, the people will not be harmed, the saints will be in peace, the sons and grandsons of the saints will inherit the rope, the so-called ones who have achieved the truth .Why do you need to set up a teacher in the name of taking treasures, and tell the people to use gods as candidates! In the name of taking treasures, Xingshi refers to continuously sending troops to the north to fight against Mongolia.One of the three things on Yuanzhang's mind after Emperor Yuanshun left the north was Shaochuan Guoxie.The treasure to be taken is the imperial seal handed down by Qin Shihuang in history. It can be seen that the war between Hongwu and Mongolia in the early years of Hongwu was named after the imperial seal.Encouraging the public to respond with immortals refers to the fact that Yuan Zhang preached the miracles of Zhou Dian and Tieguanzi to his subjects.In fact, Yuanzhang didn't understand it, because he knew it well, he used the gods to further subdue people's hearts, deter traitors, and establish unity, proving that he was indeed ordered by heaven, and no one could violate or resist.He stated clearly in the Preface to the Heart Sutra: So there are six phases.The six emptinesses are not the emptiness of the truth, but the emptiness of delusion. The emptiness fools the world, harms the present and the past, and often falls deeper and deeper.The previous emperors were deceived and lost the world: King Mu of Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xiaoliang Wudi, Yuan Wei Zhutao, Li Houzhu, Song Huizong, these emperors abolished the country and neglected government, but Xiaoliang Wudi , Song Huizong, and killing the body, all ascended from delusion and entered the Buddha's heaven.The Buddha's heaven and earth are not so vast, and this kind of happiness exists in the world, because human nature is greedy and unaware, but takes pleasure in it.What is there in the world?Moreover, in the land of the Buddha Heaven, those who are kings and princes, if they do not do bad deeds and can preserve this environment, what about the non-Buddha Heaven?If you can't be conservative and pretend to be false, you will enter a state of emptiness with a delusional heart, so it is like this. He is a person who grew up from practical struggles, and he is also a person with his feet on the ground.He believes that the realm of the Buddha Heaven is the real good life (of course, the good life of the feudal emperors), and if you can keep the real life, you have reached the realm of the Buddha Heaven.Leaving reality, delusional soaring, using the mind of delusions to enter the emptiness, either the world will be ruined, or the body will be killed.In this regard, he was better than many emperors in the past, including Tang Taizong (who died after taking the elixir of Indian alchemists) that he did not mention.He also once said to Song Lian: Emperor Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were good gods, favored alchemists, and dreamed of longevity, but in the end it was all in vain.If they can use this kind of thinking to govern the country, how can the country die?In my opinion, if the ruler of Ren is able to have a pure heart and few desires, so that the common people live in peace in the fields, have food to eat, clothes to wear, and live happily, they are gods.A Taoist priest offered him a way of longevity, but he refused to accept it.Some people imitated the method of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Song Dynasty to offer heavenly scriptures, proving that the superior was indeed the true son of heaven, but was killed instead.In short, while talking about gods to his subjects, he did not allow others to talk about magic, immortality, and offering heavenly books to him.He is very clear-headed, and he told the people to use the gods as a response, just to achieve the effect of deceiving the people politically.Even so, after Xie Jin's revelation, he stopped making use of Buddhism and Taoism, and stopped talking about supernatural responses. In the early years of Hongwu's long period of talking about gods and advocating conquests, many mythical stories spread among the people, who thought that Zhu Yuanzhang was the real son of heaven.The main one in the legend is: there are twenty-eight mansions in the sky, and they take turns to be the monarchs of the world.In the first year of Yuan Tianli, the year when Yuan Zhang was born, Lou Su in the sky disappeared. In the 31st year of Hongwu, when Yuan Zhang died, Lou Su regained his vision.Emperor Hongwu was descended from Lou Su.The Hongwu coins that were not in the market at that time were valued by the rural people in later generations, and they were worn by children, thinking that they could ward off evil spirits.Under the bean sheds and melons in the countryside, the stories told by the grandparents to their children are mostly about the myths of Lord Hongwu when he herded cattle. Yuanzhang grew up in the countryside. After living in poverty, he knew that material resources were difficult, so he lived a simple life and paid attention to frugality.Do not like drinking.One time, a businessman gave him fragrant incense and rose dew, saying that it can cure heart disease, and it can also be mixed with powder to adorn women's appearance.Yuan Zhang said: Chinese medicine can cure a lot of diseases. These things are just decorations. It is not good to dress people up and develop extravagant habits.refuse to accept.In the twelfth year of Longfeng's construction of the palace, the person in charge of the project drew up the design, and he removed all the exquisitely carved parts.After the completion of the work, it is plain and without decoration, and only painted many shocking historical stories and Song Confucianism's "University Yanyi".An official flattered him, saying that a beautiful stone was produced somewhere, which could be used for paving, and he was severely taught.Che Yu should use gold ornaments for all the things he eats, and use copper instead.Si Tianjian presented the automatic palace leak (timer) made by Emperor Yuan Shun with great painstaking efforts. He said: Regardless of government affairs, just do this.Chen Youliang had a gold-embellished bed, which was very elegant, and Jiangxi province gave it to the emperor. Yuan Zhang said: "What is the difference between this and Meng Chang's Qibao drowning vessel?"They are all called smashing.He was thrifty not only with himself, but also with others.One day, I saw a servant wearing new boots walking in the rain, and another servant wearing a new suit worth five hundred guan, and they all scolded me. On the screen is written the poem "Shangyuan Nostalgia" by Li Shanfu of the Tang Dynasty: The emperors of the Southern Dynasties love to be romantic, and they will never stop guarding the country. Always clean up for the war, but get rid of Xiong because of singing and dancing. Yao will be morally invincible, but Qin will be free? May I ask where the prosperity lies, Yuhua Tobacco Shicheng Autumn. The poem was not well written, but he recited it day and night, which aroused his vigilance. The principles of simplicity and thrift in life also apply to diplomacy.In the twelfth year of Longfeng, Cai Zhe was sent to Shu to apply for employment. Before leaving, he gave special instructions: "The envoys from Shu came to pretend to be superficial, boasting about its great power, so that people would not believe it."When you arrive, don't imitate them. If you have a question, you can only speak the truth.There is no talk of auspiciousness. In the second year of Hongwu, there was a person who offered a stalk of Ruimai with three ears and five ears. The officials congratulated him. Take things as luck.I remember that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obtained a one-horned beast and produced nine stems of sesame, which caused great troubles and made the sea empty.Later, Emperor Xuan had the auspicious nectar of gods and nobles, but he inherited landslides and ground cracks, and Hande declined. From this point of view, auspiciousness is unreliable, but disasters must be taken care of.It is ordered that if there are any disasters in the future, no matter how big or small, the local officials must report immediately. Law enforcement is extremely strict, and orders must be followed, even relatives are not tolerant.In the last years of Hongwu, Ouyang Lun, the son-in-law captain, was sent as an envoy to sell private tea. Even though he was his own son-in-law, he was also sentenced to death according to law.