Chapter 25 Chapter Four Activities in Tianjin

Luo Zhenyu's efforts When I arrived in Tianjin, I realized that the accommodation was not ready as Luo Zhenyu said, so I first stayed at the Yamato Hotel for a day.The next day, Wanrong, Wenxiu, and the team from the Japanese embassy all came, and they moved into the hastily arranged Zhang Garden together. Zhang Yuan is a garden covering an area of ​​about 20 mu, and there is a building in the middle of which Tianjin people call it eight floors and eight floors.This is the place where Zhang Biao, who was stationed in the Eighth Town of Wuchang in the former Qing Dynasty, used it as an amusement park.During the Wuchang Uprising, Zhang Biao was so frightened that he didn't even want his official seal. He slipped to Tianjin with his gold and silver treasures and his family, and became an apartment in the Japanese concession.I just moved into Zhangyuan. This famous general of the Qing Dynasty never charged rent. Every morning, he brought a broom and came to clean my yard in person, probably to show his loyalty.He didn't know who dissuaded him until he dropped the broom.I have lived here for five years.Later Zhang Biao died, and his son showed the face of the landlord to ask for rent. I also thought his house was not good, so I moved to Lu Zongyu's Jingyuan.

The purpose of my coming to Tianjin was to go abroad, but in the end I stayed here for seven years.This is the seven years I have been swinging between various factions and ideas.At this time, the influence of princes and dukes on me had already been greatly weakened; my father did not come to Tianjin very often at first, but even though he came often later (living in the house I bought on Gordon Road in the British Concession), it did not cause any harm to me. effect.During this period, Mr. Johnston left me and went to Weihaiwei as a commissioner.After Weihaiwei was taken back by the Chinese government, he met with me once in Tianjin in 1926 when he was dealing with the Beiyang government on the issue of the Seventh Fund.He once ran among Wu Peifu and others for me, but to no avail.Later, he returned to England to accept the knighthood, and became a professor of Sinology at the University of London and an adviser to the British Foreign Office.In the past seven years, the people who have been intriguing around me can be roughly divided into the following groups: At first, they put their hopes on restoring the preferential treatment conditions, and later retreated to maintain the status quo. A group of old ministers headed by Chen Baochen, can be called It is the Returning Palace faction; those who hope to go abroad to obtain foreign (mainly Japan) aid are headed by Luo Zhenyu, among them there are old and young, and there are individual princes such as Puwei. According to the saying at the time, it can be called It is the faction that unites Japan or goes abroad; it hopes to contact and buy warlords, that is, the so-called martial arts faction. This faction is quite complicated, with veterans from the former Qing Dynasty and politicians from the Republic of China, but the central figure is myself.Later, Zheng Xiaoxu, who came back to me, did not belong to any faction at first. It seemed that he had agreed with and opposed to all the ideas of any faction. Openness (collaboration with any country that is willing to help the restoration), and so on, has also been opposed by various factions.When he later made up his mind on the idea of ​​joining Japan, he defeated all opponents.Not only did he beat them, but even his old opponent, Luo Zhenyu, the old leader of the United Japan faction, was easily snatched by him with the achievements of many years of management in this stage of the competition.But this is something for later, let's talk about Luo Zhenyu first.

When Luo Zhenyu came to the palace, she was in her early fifties, tall and tall, wearing a pair of gold-rimmed myopia glasses (which I took off in front of me), a yellow and white goatee on her chin, and a white strip hanging from the back of her head. braids.When I was in the palace, he always had a full set of gowns and gowns. After I left the palace, he always wore a mandarin jacket with a large placket, with a narrow gown sleeve exposed from the short fat cuffs.Speak Shaoxing Mandarin, speak and walk slowly, and the rhythm is slow.He was a counselor of the academic department in the late Qing Dynasty, and he belonged to the former department of Baoxi, the former minister of the academic department. He was not close to me. After I got married, because of Shengyun's recommendation and his reputation in archaeology, I accepted Following Chen Baochen's suggestion, he was kept as a walk in the South Study Room, and he was invited to participate in the appraisal of the ancient Yi artifacts in the palace.Famous scholars at the time who came with him not long ago included his in-law Wang Guowei and Ke Shaomin, who was famous for his history of the Yuan Dynasty.Chen Baochen thought that having these people in the South Study Room would add color to the clean room.Of course, Luo Zhenyu's reputation in restoration activities has attracted more attention from me than his academic reputation.In the year of the Revolution of 1911, he traveled to the east and worked as an apartment in Japan for ten years. He wrote books on archaeology and named himself Qiuting Laomin.When Shengyun and Shanqi went to Japan to seek support for the restoration, they got involved with him and formed a bond.Later, Sheng Yun became discouraged, and after living in Qingdao for a while, he ran to work as an apartment in the Japanese Concession in Tianjin; Shanqi settled in Dalian, Lushun, and was supported by the Japanese.Luo Zhenyu was more active than them. He returned to China in 1919, first lived in Tianjin, made friends with the Japanese, and later opened an antique shop called Moyuantang in Dalian Wharf. While smuggling and selling antiques, calligraphy and paintings, he continued to associate with the Japanese Pulling and pulling, widely seeking sympathizers of the Restoration.

Luo Zhenyu has a long history of defrauding money in antiques, calligraphy and paintings, gold stones, and oracle bones.He was born in an old-style bookseller's family in Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province, and taught in a giant gentleman's family in Jiangxi Province after he became an adult.This giant gentleman is a bibliophile.In Luo Zhenyu's third year as teacher, Dong Weng passed away suddenly. Taking advantage of the ignorance of his mistress, he pretended to be very sad and refused to accept this year's confinement, and wanted to use it as a funeral ceremony. I would like to leave a few old books, calligraphy and paintings of my master as a souvenir.The hostess thought that this gentleman was too kind, so she invited him to choose from the library.So the scholar Jia Shizi picked out several baskets of souvenirs, containing more than a hundred volumes of scriptures written by Tang people, and more than 500 pieces of calligraphy and paintings from Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and returned with a full load.On this basis, he turned from a bookshop with three-character scriptures and hundreds of surnames into an antique calligraphy and painting dealer. The business became better and better, and the reputation of the antique calligraphy and painting connoisseur became more and more famous. Later, he sold ancient books and cultural relics. The Japanese hooked up.During those years in Japan, he made friends with a group of celebrities in the ruling and opposition parties through his relationship with Japanese booksellers. Many Japanese regarded him as an authority on Chinese ancient cultural relics and often asked him to identify calligraphy and paintings.He engraved some stamps of Luo Zhenyu's appraisal and Luo Zhenyu's approval. The Japanese antique dealer asked him to stamp his calligraphy and paintings once, and paid him three yuan a day, and then used them to deceive people.Later, he went so far as to engrave the name seals of ancient people on unnamed paintings, add Luo Zhenyu's identification seal, and then sell them at a high price.He often used the excuse that he was busy, and dragged down the precious copperware that others had asked him to appraise, and sold as many rubbings as possible.It is said that some of the Song edition books sold by his Moyuantang were forged using the title page paper in the palace edition "Book Collection" of the Forbidden City.The palace paper is Chenghua paper or rib paper, which is very similar to the paper used in Song edition books.It is said that when the Ministry of Internal Affairs handed over the batch of palace edition books to Luo Zhenyu for sale, he removed all the blank title pages of the more than 10,000 volumes, and printed the Song edition books with engraved blocks imitating Song style.I didn't know anything about it at the time.Some people say that Luo Zhenyu's character is not good, but his talent and learning are good.As far as I can see, it is doubtful how much talent he has.Once when he was in Manchukuo, he brought a batch of Hanyu and invited me to watch it.I can't say that I have any research on Hanyu, but I have collected a lot because I am very fond of it.Of course, the so-called Hanyu does not have to be from the Han Dynasty, it is just a customary name for ancient jade.I saw the Han Yu brought by Luo Zhenyu, and I couldn't help being surprised by his talent, because all of them were fakes.

Luo Zhenyu didn't come to the palace very often. His in-law Wang Guowei was on duty for him and often told him many things that happened in the palace when he was away.The biggest reason why Wang Guowei was so obedient to him was that this honest man always felt indebted to Luo Zhenyu, and Luo Zhenyu also relied on this, and he was quite able to command Wang Guowei as he wished.I found out later that Luo Zhenyu's fame as a scholar was somewhat related to their special relationship.Wang Guowei was very poor when he was studying, and he was helped by Luo Zhenyu. Wang Guowei lived in Japan for several years of research and life, relying on being with Luo Zhenyu.In order to repay his kindness, Wang Guowei published his first few works under Luo Zhenyu's name.Luo Zhenyu later published the sensational "Book of Yin Ruins" in Japan, which actually stole the research results of Wang Guowei's oracle bone inscriptions.The two families of Luo and Wang later became in-laws, so Wang Guowei's debts should not be mentioned. In fact, Luo Zhenyu did not forget the price he paid because of this, and Wang Guowei was able to get close to Tianyan because of his recommendation. It also counted as a debt of affection to him, so Wang Guowei obeyed his orders everywhere.When I arrived in Tianjin, after Wang Guowei became a professor of Chinese at Tsinghua University, Luo Zhenyu went so far as to pursue debts from him because of some incident. Wang Guowei, who was poor and desperate for face, committed suicide by jumping into Kunming Lake on June 2, 1927 in desperation.

After Wang Guowei's death, there was a legend about the death of a master of Chinese studies in the Qing Dynasty. This article was actually written by Luo Zhenyu, and I became a collaborator of this article without knowing it.The process is as follows: Luo Zhenyu sent Zhang Yuan a sealed copy of the so-called Wang Guowei's will. I read this written letter full of lonely officials and evil sons, and I was very moved. I discussed it with my masters. After a while, an edict was issued, saying that Wang Guowei was loyal and sympathetic, and he was given the posthumous posthumous title of Zhongguo by Jiaen, and he sent his son, Puyu, to lay it down on the same day, and rewarded the Dharani Sutra and Bianyang with two thousand yuan.Luo Zhenyu therefore invited Chinese and Japanese celebrities and scholars to hold a memorial ceremony for the Duke of Zhongzheng in the Japanese Garden of the Japanese Concession to publicize Wang Guowei's end of the festival and the prosperity of his kindness, which is unprecedented in Zhengu. Declaring that he believed he would meet the deceased in Jiuquan, forgiveness is also far away.In fact, the legacy that shows loneliness and loyalty is a fake, and its creator is Luo Zhenyu who wants to meet the deceased Jiuquan.

At that time, some of the most intriguing people around me were always trying to spy on the opponent's actions. One of the methods was to buy the opponent's servants. Therefore, the master's privacy became the profit capital of some servants.The ones who are most willing to work hard on this are Zheng Xiaoxu and Luo Zhenyu, a pair of enemies.After Zheng Xiaoxu found out the secret of Luo Zhenyu's forged legacy through this method, it quickly spread among some elders.The truth of this incident did not reach my ears at that time, because one posthumous posthumous law had already been granted, and no one wanted to bear the crime of deceiving the emperor. The patriotism of the elders, let's suppress this matter like this.I didn't know the truth until after Luo Zhenyu's death.Recently, I saw the original copy of the legacy. The handwriting was very neat, and it was not written by Wang Guowei.I didn't notice such a strange thing that a person who was about to commit suicide could find someone else to write his suicide note for him.

Luo Zhenyu's sacrificial oration to Wang Guowei can confuse people, at least it confuses me.After he confessed in the sacrificial rite that he did not see the content of Wang Guowei's encore, he exaggerated his loyalty by speculating on his mind, saying that he had committed three crimes since Jiazi but survived.He wanted to commit suicide when I left the palace and when I entered the Japanese embassy. The third time was recently. He wanted to finish cleaning up the unfinished business and then died, but unexpectedly he died before me. Zhilong is unprecedented in Zhengu. Yuruo's successor died, and Yuyou said that he hoped for grace, so it was inconvenient for him to die. Fortunately, the doctor said that the right lung was debilitated. Forgiveness is also far away.Another key point of this sacrificial oration is how he discovered and cultivated that poor secretary [2] at the beginning, and how this young man, who was helpless at the time, was finally able to study hard under his funding and guidance. Cheng Shuo Confucianism.In short, no matter whether Wang Guowei is moral or literary, Luo Zhenyu would not be successful without him.That was the impression that the sacrificial text gave me at the time.

However, although I have been unable to figure out Luo Zhenyu's details for a long time, Luo Zhenyu's political calculations on me have not been able to come true.Before he finally lost to Zheng Xiaoxu, Chen Baochen and Hu Siyuan alone made it hard for him to fight.During the series of quarrels, I myself was indecisive and indecisive. The focus of the dispute between the two groups at first was the issue of whether to go abroad or not.After I ran from the Japanese embassy in Beijing to the Japanese concession in Tianjin, social attacks reached a new climax.An anti-Qing alliance appeared in Tianjin to fight against me.Luo Zhenyu and his group took this opportunity to tell me that no matter for safety or restoration, there was no other way but to go abroad.The lineup of this group was quite large at the time. Even Chen Botao, an old man in Guangdong, sent a memorial saying that non-traveling is not enough to ensure safety, let alone seek recovery. He also advocated that after traveling in Europe and America, he can settle in Japan to wait Timing changes.Chen Baochen and his group thought this was a completely rash move.They think that Feng Yuxiang may not be able to stand on one ground, and the danger is not that great; the other is going abroad to Japan, which may not be welcomed by Japan.If it is not possible to live in Japan, and the country cannot tolerate it, let alone Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin will let me go back to the Forbidden City and restore the previous situation.I was not interested in the opinions of Chen Baochen and others, but their warnings caught my attention, and I hesitated about Luo Zhenyu's proposition.

In 1926, the political situation once changed as Chen Baochen and his gang had hoped. Zhang Zuolin turned to join forces with Wu Peifu. Zhang and Feng finally clashed, and Feng Jun was attacked by Feng Jun.Feng Yuxiang withdrew the army in Tianjin, and Feng Jun in Beijing was under siege.Duan Qirui colluded with Zhang Zuolin and was discovered by Feng Jun. Duan Qirui fled. Then Feng Jun could not stand in Beijing and retreated to Nankou. Fengjun Zhang Zongchang entered Beijing.In July, the meeting between Marshals Zhang and Wu in Beijing aroused the infinite optimism of the palace-returning faction, and the palace-returning faction became active.Chen Baochen, who was beside me, went to Beijing personally to find his old friend, the newly appointed Prime Minister Du Xigui, to go to the event. Kang Youwei, who was outside, also called Wu Peifu, Zhang Zuolin, Zhang Zongchang and others, calling for the restoration of preferential conditions.Kang Youwei wrote a long letter to Wu Peifu. In the letter, he enumerated the merits of the Qing Dynasty and asked Wu Peifu to take the opportunity to restore it on the grounds that China was the Republic of China and the Qing Dynasty let it go.He told Wu that Zhang Zuolin and others are all right, and that they are of the same mind in diplomacy. Even the Kuomintang people all agree with the restoration in private.

In fact, this time has come to the period of the Beiyang warlords' return to light.Although the soldiers from various branches in the north suddenly cooperated again, and Zhang Zuolin was publicly elected as the commander-in-chief of the Anguo Army, the first cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party began in 1924, and the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army began in 1925. By 1926, the front line of the Northern Expedition was in full swing, and the frontline troops of Sun Chuanfang, Wu Peifu, and Zhang Zuolin were constantly being defeated.Chen Baochen's activities did not produce any results, and Wu Peifu's reply to Kang Youwei was also very simple, saying perfunctorily: "Gold and stone are unswerving, and there is no harmony between the high and the high."A year later, Kang Youwei died in Qingdao with his ambition to fail. The hope of returning to the palace was shattered, Chen Baochen's group was discouraged, and Luo Zhenyu's side became active again.In March 1926, when I was worried about the approach of the Northern Expeditionary Army, Pu Wei sent me a memorial from Lushun and a letter to Luo Zhenyu, saying that he had contacted the Japanese officials. Well, I hope that I will move to Lushun to live. I will stay away from danger first, and then I will pursue a bright future. I must first settle down when traveling east and west.Because I have heard a lot of gossip about Luo Zhenyu, I am already a little worried about him, but I have a good impression of Pu Wei.Not long after I arrived in Tianjin, Pu Wei came from Lushun to greet me. This Prince Gong, whom I met for the first time, said a very touching sentence to me: With Pu Wei here, the Qing Dynasty would not perish!I read his letter urging me to go to Lushun, and I was naturally moved.Because he persuaded me through Luo Zhenyu, my doubts about Luo were also eliminated a lot.Later, the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Wuchang, and the northern army was shaken across the board. Luo Zhenyu even told me that the revolutionary army was a scourge, killing people and setting fire. If it fell into their hands, there would be no way out.After hearing these words, I had already decided to follow him to Dalian, but due to Chen Baochen's advice, I decided to postpone it.According to the information Chen Baochen received from the Japanese embassy, ​​things don't seem so pessimistic.I waited and watched for a while, and sure enough, the news of the Kuomintang's purge came. Chiang Kai-shek was massacring the Communists who were accused of being scourges. , to block the news of the southern army going north.These news made me believe in the stability of Chen Baochen's group, and felt that the matter was not as serious as Luo Zhenyu's group said.Since Chiang Kai-shek and Yuan Shikai.Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin are equally afraid of foreigners. I live in a foreign concession, so I have the same insurance as before? The ultimate ideals of the two factions of returning to the palace and going abroad are not contradictory. They all hope for restoration.After Chen Baochen's hope of returning to the palace was shattered, they repeated the old tune of obeying the times and biding their time, and advocated a policy of waiting and waiting for changes. However, they did not oppose Luo Zhenyu's and his group's proposition in terms of alliance with Japan.For example, an old man named Wen Su who walked in the South Study Room (when Zhang Xun was restored for 12 days as the deputy capital censor of the Metropolitan Procuratorate), once said in a memorial that Chen Baochen had a great talent and was very close to Fangze. In Tianjin, Chen and Fangze can contact secret merchants nearby to assist in paying equipment, stipulate rights and interests, and use foreign aid generously to secretly build forces. Tianjin and Beijing are close, and there is no trace of going back and forth.There is Zhang Kun (former prefect of Wen’an County, Shuntian Prefecture, Qing Dynasty, and alternate magistrate) who hates Luo Zhenyu more than Wen Su. Then, with the door of morality and righteousness and the model of peace, it is impossible to abandon his learning and learn it.It can be seen that he does not completely oppose Luo Zhenyu's reason for going abroad.Even Chen Baochen once conceded that if he had to go abroad, he could only choose reliable followers.It turns out that the real focus of the problem lies in opposing Luo Zhenyu.Now I can remember that the most resolutely opposed to the old people who go abroad are very few. Some people even said that Japan is only interested in profit and will not help the restoration with righteousness. They think that restoration can only be placed on the survivors, among their survivors , to get Luo Zhenyu out. Since the two groups are not disputes over ideas or methods, but disputes between people, in addition to positive public discussions, the secret conspiracy is even more intense.In this regard, Luo Zhenyu is still a loser despite his many tricks. One day, Luo Zhenyu came to my small summoning room with my summoning permission.Holding a slender cloth bag, he said to me: The minister deserves to die for his crimes, and it should not be used to disturb the mind of heaven. However, if the minister only knows how to hide evil and promote good for personal friendship, he will be disloyal and unrighteous. what are you saying? I looked at him inexplicably, and saw him slowly undoing the bag like an old eunuch washing his face and combing his hair.The bag was opened, and inside was a pair of couplets. He unfolded it calmly, and before it was finished, I recognized it. It was written to Chen Baochen by me. The Chen Han Yumo that I found in the small market was fortunate enough to be invited back by the minister. At that time, I didn't know that people like Luo Zhenyu had been buying servants of the enemy and doing some despicable things. I only thought that Chen Baochen would be so disrespectful to the emperor's gift, and even let my imperial pen be placed on the street stall in the small market!I was very unhappy, I was so troubled for a moment, I didn't know what to say, so I waved my hand and told Luo Zhenyu to go away quickly. At this time Chen Baochen went to Beijing.When Hu Siyuan found out about this, he insisted that it was definitely not Chen Baochen's fault. He did not believe that the servants of the Chen family dared to take it to the small market, but he also said that it was possible for the servants of the Chen family to steal it and sell it.As for not selling it to Xiaoshi, who else would he sell it to?Why did it fall into Luo Zhenyu's hands?He didn't say it.When I pressed him, he told me only one story that baffled me. Song Yun, a scholar of the Jiaqing Dynasty, the emperor must know that he is a loyal minister.Songyun's story, the emperor is willing to listen to it, so the minister will tell it.In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Renzongrui wanted to go out of customs on a royal tour. The scholar Songyun knew about it, and felt uneasy. How could he survive such a trip because of the fact that Renzong's holy bow violated peace?On the other hand, even though He Shen was put to death, the king's side is still not clean, I'm afraid Renzong's departure will be inauspicious.Songyun had something in his heart that he couldn't say clearly to his head, so he had to euphemistically explain it in the memorial.Renzong read and played furiously, and issued an edict, saying that since ancient times, the world has been ruled by filial piety, and it is inauspicious for me to go out to worship my ancestors?So Songyun won the official position and was demoted to Xiaoqi school.Later, Renzong was the guest of honor in the Rehe Palace, and Xuanzong (Daoguang) ascended the throne and returned to the court. As soon as he entered Xizhimen, he saw Songyun and led his soldiers to set up a street. Only then did I realize that this is a loyal and important minister, and I immediately returned to my post. Having said this, Hu Siyuan stopped.I anxiously asked: what are you saying?What does this have to do with Chen Baochen? The minister is talking about Chen Baochen, who, like Songyun, has something to say. So am I Renzong or Xuanzong? No, no, Hu Siyuan was too frightened to know what to say.I said impatiently: You are a straightforward person, don't follow that kind of beating around the bush, just say it! Well, the Chen Baochen that I said was just loyal, but he was always indirect when admonishing his superiors, the emperor is very smart, so he can understand it naturally. All right, I know who Master Chen is. Although I still don't understand the meaning of Songyun's story, I am happy to hear Hu Siyuan say good things about Master Chen. At least this can relieve the discomfort caused by the couplet. I hope it is really stolen by a thief. After a series of failures, Luo Zhenyu lost my trust even more in another matter that will be mentioned later. He finally moved to Lushun at the end of 1928 to find another way. Leaving aside the struggles among the survivors here, let me first talk about another reason that made me stay in Tianjin instead of going abroad. This is my hope for the warlords. [1] After the amnesty, I heard a legend, and since I have no memory of it, I attach it here for reference.It is said that Shaoying once asked Wang Guowei to sell some calligraphy and paintings for me. Luo Zhenyu knew about it and asked for it from Wang, saying that he could do it.Luo Zhenyu sold the calligraphy and paintings, and withheld all the proceeds (more than 1,000 yuan) as Wang Guowei's repayment of his debts.Wang Guowei asked him for it, but he settled the old account instead, and Wang Guowei wanted to make up what he didn't have.Wang Guowei was so angry that he couldn't answer Shaoying's urging, so he jumped into the water and committed suicide.It is said that the four characters in Wang's suicide note refer to this.author [2] Wang Guowei was Wang Kangnian's secretary in the 1898 year of Guangxu, and later entered the East Literature Society run by Luo to study.