Chapter 56 Chapter 24 Cosmic Knowledge Lesson

He invited everyone to sit down, but of course they could only sit on the floor. Croubney announced loudly into the air: I, at 89 degrees 59 minutes and 45 seconds north latitude, invite everyone in the world to have lunch with us. All of them have entered the state.Their minds were already dominated by the idea of ​​entering the North Pole.And this grand idea is enough to make them ignore the death they must face on the way to conquer.This trek to conquer the North Pole will be one of the world's greatest feats. At the request of his companions, the doctor poured out his scientific knowledge about the universe and the North Pole.Earlier, the doctor suggested a toast to the captain.This made everyone enthusiastic.

For John.Cheers Hatteras!cheered the doctor. Cheers to Hatteras!Everyone also echoed in unison. Cheers to the North Pole!The captain responded.The tone of this usually reserved and reticent captain was full of extraordinary passion and excitement.The desire to conquer the North Pole has completely taken over his body and mind. cheers!cheers!The crisp clinking of glasses came and went.People's hands are tightly held together. Take note, the doctor said, that this expedition will be the greatest event in the history of geography.Its significance goes far beyond the discovery of Africa and Australia.Hatteras, this honor goes entirely to you.Your name will be listed before Stuart, Livingston, Burton and Bart.

Doctor, you are quite right.From the perspective of the difficulty of conquering the North Pole, the North Pole is indeed the highest peak in the history of earth exploration.Altamon also shared the same feeling that in the past, the government was eager to understand Central Africa and gave material rewards and honors to explorers.And if the expedition to conquer the North Pole is to succeed, it will have to overcome nearly insurmountable obstacles. Insurmountable!No!Hatteras took it excitedly and said that there is no insurmountable obstacle, nothing can't be conquered, it's just that the will can be divided into strong and weak!

Finally, we're at the North Pole, which is so exciting.Johnson interjected, Mr. Crawford, may I ask you what are the properties of the North Pole? Of course, my brave Johnson.The North Pole is the point on Earth where all other points are moving at extreme speed but it is the only one that is standing still. But I can't tell if it's any more static here than in Liverpool!Johnson replied. You don't experience the movement any more here than you do in Liverpool; which means that, to compare the two places, you must yourself participate in the movement or the stillness!The answer is that the earth rotates in 24 hours. It can be imagined that the two ends of the axis of rotation are the North Pole and the South Pole.We are, then, at the apex of this central axis of absolute stillness.

Is it fair to say that we are at rest while our fellow man is running fast?Bell interjected. Relatively true, since we haven't reached the North Pole yet! You are quite right, doctor!Hatteras nodded in agreement in a serious tone. Exactly, it will take forty-five seconds before we are truly standing on the North Pole! What is this difference?Altamon said that we can think of it as static. Yes, and at this moment the inhabitants of various points on the equator turn 396 nautical miles per hour!The doctor replied. This must be the hardest!Bell replied. Exactly!The doctor answered. However, besides rotating on its own axis, the earth also revolves around the sun?Johnson asked.

Yes, once a year. Is revolution faster than rotation?Bell asked. Infinite times faster.I should point out that although we are in the North Pole, it carries us around, like all inhabitants of the planet.Therefore, the stillness that we can speak of is just an illusion: relative to other points on the earth, it is true; but relative to the sun, it is impossible to be still. good!Bell said in a humorous tone, I thought I was so peaceful!It seems to have to give up this illusion!Ultimately, there is no moment of peace in this world. You are right, Bell, interjected Johnson, Mr. Crowburn, can you tell us the speed of this revolution?

That's considerable, the doctor replied. The earth revolves around the sun at seventy-six times faster than a round cannonball of the Type 24 at a speed of 195 meters per second.Therefore, its revolution speed is 7.6 nautical miles per second; you see, it is nothing compared with the displacement made by various points on the equator. God!That's incredible, Mr. Croubney!According to Bell, the speed exceeds seven knots per second, and it can easily remain stationary if need be! alright!Bell!What do you think, asked Altamon, more days, more nights, longer springs, summers, autumns, winters!

But a simple scary result was missed!The doctor answered. what?Johnson asked. We will be flung into the sun! Fall on the sun!Bell asked in surprise. no doubt.If this revolution stops, the earth will be thrown towards the sun in sixty-four and a half days. Sixty-four and a half days of falling bodies!Johnson chimed in. No more, no less, replied the doctor, for there was still a distance of thirty-eight million nautical miles to be crossed. How much does the earth weigh?asked Altamon. That's 5,881,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 metric tons. This huge astronomical figure is really hard to remember!It's hard to understand!Johnson said.

In this way, I will give you a visual comparison, which will be easy for you to remember, my Johnson.Remember, the sum of the weight of seventy-six moons is equal to the weight of one earth, and the weight of 350,000 earths is equal to the weight of one sun. It's such a big difference!Altamon said. There's a big difference, that's the truth.The doctor said, I'm going back to the North Pole, and this part of cosmology about the Earth is absolutely brilliant!If that doesn't bother you. Doc, go ahead, doc, keep going! I have already said that when you are interested and eager to learn, I am more than happy to give my best. We just said that the North Pole is stationary relative to all other points on the earth.This is also not entirely true.

how!Bell asked, do you need to add more? Yes, Bell.The North Pole has not always been absolutely in the same place; once upon a time the Polaris was farther from the pole than it is now.Our North Pole also makes a certain rotation, but it takes about 2,600 years to make one revolution.It depends on the precession, which I'll get to next. However, is it possible for the North Pole to make a greater rotation in the future?Altamont asked. this!My dear Altamon, replied the doctor, you have raised a perplexing question which has been left to scholars for a long time, especially after a curious discovery.

which one found? Well, in 1771, a rhinoceros carcass was found on the coast of the Ice Sea, and in 1799, an elephant carcass was found on the coast of Siberia.How could the bodies of these two quadrupeds from the same tropical country be found at the same latitude?Since then, geologists have been in an uproar.Until a talented French scholar, Eli.Arguing with eloquent evidence, Bermonds asserted that these animals lived in higher latitudes, and that flooded rivers carried their carcasses to where they were found.However, these arguments have never been published, and guess what kind of fantasies scholars have created? Scholars are always wise.Altamon responded with a smile. Yes, in order to decipher a phenomenon, I did not hesitate to rack my brains.They assumed where the North Pole used to be at the equator, and the equator was where the North Pole was. Um! If what I have described is true, then the earth will be flattened at least five miles at the North Pole, and will drift to the new equatorial sea by centrifugal force, and will be covered with twice as many mountain peaks as the Himalayas; all the countries surrounding the North Pole Sweden, Norway, the Soviet Union, Siberia, Greenland, and New Britain would all be submerged five miles below the sea, and the equatorial regions, thrown to the North Pole, would be covered with plateaus five miles higher than they are today. It's beyond recognition!Johnson commented. Oh, the scholars are not at all surprised by all this. How to explain this upheaval?Altamon asked. It was caused by a comet collision.Comets are celestial planets. In the past, everyone turned to comets for difficult problems in the evolution of the universe.It is the most helpful auspicious star among the celestial stars, at least scholars have regarded it as a universal shield. So in your opinion, Mr. Crawburn, this upheaval is impossible?Johnson asked. impossible! if possible? If possible, the equator will be frozen for twenty-four hours. Ah, if the upheaval really happened, Bell interjected, people would also say we've never been to the North Pole! Do not worry!Bell.The static motion of the earth's axis results in the following: if winter is at this position, we will see round stars all around.The sun at the vernal equinox, March 23rd, will appear (here I ignore the index of refraction) to be cut in half by the horizon, gradually forming an elongated disc curve; but, it is worth noting that, When the sun rises, there will be no more nights, and the days will last for six months; until the autumnal equinox, that is, September 22, the sun disk will gradually level with the horizon, and once the sun disappears, it will be invisible throughout the winter. Appear. Just now you talked about the shrinking of the earth at the North Pole, Johnson asked, Mr. Crawford, please explain to me again. Listen, Johnson.The earth has been in motion since the beginning.When the earth rotates, under the action of huge centrifugal force, part of the fluid is pushed to the equator.If the earth were at rest and moving, it would be perfectly spherical; but according to the phenomena I have just described, the earth is elliptical, and the poles are five and one thirds shorter from the center of the axis than the points on the equator. one mile. So, if our captain were to take us to the axis of the earth, Johnson said, we'd lose at least five miles? As you say, my friend. Well, captain, such a cheap journey!what a great opportunity to cherish Hatteras didn't respond.Obviously, he wasn't part of the conversation, or he didn't care what the conversation was about. really!Doctors agree, and some experts think it might be a worthwhile venture. ah!real!Johnson reacts. Now let me finish, the doctor goes on, and we will talk about exploration later; I want to inform you that the flatness of the earth's poles is caused by precession, and that if the earth were perfectly round, it would have entered the vernal equinox one day earlier.This is because the Earth's gravitational force pushes against the bulge at the equator.Subsequently, a slight displacement of the North Pole is also caused, as we discussed earlier.But beyond that, there are even more exotic and subjective factors at play in the production of flat bodies, and with a mathematical aptitude we can reveal its secrets. what do you mean?Bell asked. We are heavier here than in Liverpool. heavier? right!Us, dogs, guns, instruments! How can it be? Of course, there are two reasons: First, because we are closer to the axis of the earth, we are attracted more strongly: this attraction is the force of gravity (gravity).Second, there is no rotation force of the earth at the North Pole, and the equator is affected by this strong force, and objects tend to be thrown away from the earth, so the weight is relatively light. how!We really have different weights in different regions?Johnson asked. Not the same, Johnson, according to Newton's universal gravitation, there is an attraction between all objects, and the magnitude of the attraction depends on the quality of their own matter and the mutual distance between objects.Here, I appear heavier because I am closer to the center of attraction. If I am on another planet, then the magnitude of the weight will vary with the mass of the planet. What!If in the moon?Bell asked. If I weighed two hundred pounds in Liverpool, I would only weigh thirty-two pounds on the moon. What about on the sun? Ah, on the sun, I shall weigh more than five thousand catties! God!Bell exclaimed, it takes a jack to lift your legs? certainly!Faced with Bell's surprised expression, the doctor smiled and said: "The difference here is not obvious. If you are on the sun, you only need to use the force equivalent to the muscles of your legs, and Bell can easily jump onto the Morise Pier." oh!But that's on the sun?We can't go up again.Bell replied. My friend, the doctor said earnestly, the point is that we are fine here, there is no need to go to other planets. What you just said might be worth exploring on the Earth's axis, has anyone ever planned such an expedition?Altamon asked. Of course, the arctic expeditions we can do are proof of that.Science fiction and hypotheses are everywhere.Due to the serious lack of knowledge of the universe, the ancients believed that the North Pole was an Espei land that people displaced.In the Middle Ages, people imagined that the earth was supported by a fulcrum placed at the poles and rotated around it; but when people discovered that comets were free to rotate at the poles, they had to give up the assumption of such a support axis. Later, French astronomers Bailey insisted that the people who were called lost civilizations by Platon and Atlantis once lived in the North Pole.Today, in our time, it is assumed that there are great openings at the poles, from which the Northern Lights come, and from which one can enter the interior of the earth; There are two planets in the hollow, and the strong pressure inside produces a light source. So much guesswork?Altamon asked. All published in black and white.Captain Senese, our countrymen, to Humphrey.David, Humboldt, and Arago suggested an expedition, but these scholars refused. They are right. I believe, my friends, that the ideas of the Arctic are colorful, but sooner or later they have to return to simple truths. Well, we'll see, replied Johnson, not giving up on his ideas. Going on an adventure tomorrow!The doctor looked at the doubtful old sailor with a smile. If there is a gap leading to the center of the earth, let's find out together!