Chapter 11 (Chapter 11) Yelu Chucai

Genghis Khan thus brought the rules of the steppe into the territories he conquered.Yelu Chucai may have a sense of mission because of this, and felt that he had the responsibility to teach the Mongolian emperor.Crying for the people is Yelu Chucai's unchanging attitude throughout his life. [Beautiful beard and grand sound, from Emperor Wei] In Russian, China is called Kital. Kital is a nomadic Mongolian nation in northern China, and its plural sound is close to Khitan, so China calls it Khitan.This nation became powerful in the tenth century, and established a Liao Dynasty in northern China including Beijing. It confronted the Northern Song Dynasty and signed peace treaties repeatedly.

For people in Central Asia, China is Khitan.After this term was spread to Europe, even Cathay in English means China, and it was also used as the name of an airline company. Once a nomadic hunting nation has an outstanding leader, it will immediately form a huge force.Because the surrounding groups will invest in their banners in order to get a share of the spoils.This is true of Modu Chanyu of the Huns, Genghis Khan (or Timur) of Mongolia, and Nurhachi of the Jurchen. It was the hero Yelu Abaoji (AD 872︱926) who unified the Khitan tribes and founded the dynasty.He is Liao Taizu.However, a hero named Wanyan Aguda appeared in the Jurchen tribe who surrendered to Liao, and they broke away from Liao and became independent, establishing a Jin Dynasty, which was included in its territory from the coast to Liaodong.

The Northern Song Dynasty made an appointment with this emerging Jin, flanked Liao and wiped it out.However, Jin attacked the Northern Song Dynasty on the grounds that it had not fulfilled the agreement of the alliance.A royal family of the Northern Song Dynasty fled south and established a regime with Hangzhou as its capital in 1127 A.D. This regime was called the Southern Song Dynasty.Since then, China has been roughly bounded by the Huaihe River, and for the time being, two regimes have stood side by side in the north and the south. Yelu's Liao was destroyed by Jin in 1216 AD.Jin, who was short of talents, appointed Liao talents.The royal family of Liao was also highly valued by Jin, and Yelulu, the seventh grandson of Dongdan King Yelutuyu, was promoted to Jin's Shangshu Youcheng (Deputy Prime Minister).

Yeluu Chucai, the famous prime minister in the early Yuan Dynasty, was the son of Yelulu.He was born in the first year of Jinzhangzong Mingchang (AD 1190).Tiemuzhen, who was only 24 years old at the time, fought against various Mongolian tribes on the northern grasslands and established hegemony.Temujin was promoted and named Genghis Khan in the Great League of All Mongolians. Yelu Chucai was seventeen years old at that time. Yelu Chucai lost his father at the age of three, and was taught by his mother Yang.He has read a lot of books; he has a good command of astronomy, geography, law and calendar, and arithmetic, and he also studied Buddhism, Lao Zhuang, and medical divination.Chu Cai's name is Jinqing, but because he is also a devout Buddhist believer, he is known as Zhanran Layman.When he joined Jin, Genghis Khan had sent troops to conquer Jin.

In 1214 AD, Jin Xuanzong moved the capital from Yanjing (Beijing) to Bian (Kaifeng) in order to prevent the Mongolian army from going south, but ordered the royal family Wanyan Fuxing to guard Yanjing.Twenty-five-year-old Yelu Chucai was also left in Yanjing to serve as a member of the left and right department, Wai Lang.Yuan Wai Lang is the vice-official of Langzhong (bureau director level), and he is a backbone cadre who actively works on the front line.It is said that he has already made a name for himself. The following year, Yanjing fell to Mongolia.Genghis Khan summoned Yelu Chucai, probably he had also heard of Chucai's name.Entrepreneurial monarchs look for capable people.

Chu Cai is eight feet long, with a beautiful beard and a loud voice, and the emperor (Genghis Khan) is magnificent. This is recorded in "Yuan Shi".In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, one foot was more than thirty centimeters, and eight feet was two.Over four meters, it's unbelievable. "Three Kingdoms.According to "The Biography of Zhuge Liang", Kong Ming was eight feet long.In the later Han Dynasty, one chi was about twenty-three centimeters, and eight chi was equivalent to one hundred and eighty-four centimeters. "Yuan Shi" is often called a fabrication, so perhaps the person who wrote the biography of Yelu Chucai never forgot about Zhuge Kongming, so he used the same expression technique as "Three Kingdoms".Yelu Chucai's experience is indeed partly similar to that of Zhuge Kongming.

Liao and Jin Shiqiu, I am Ru Xuezhi. Genghis Khan said.Liao was destroyed by Jin, wouldn't this become the enemy of generations?Yelu Chucai is a descendant of the Liao royal family, so Genghis Khan said that he would avenge Yelu Chucai, who was an official in the Jin Dynasty. The ministers, fathers and ancestors tried to entrust (dedicate their whole body to the monarch) to do things, and since they are ministers, how dare they hate the monarch? Chu Cai replied.Just ninety years ago, Liao was destroyed by Jin.But my father and grandfather served in Jin, and they have formed a relationship between monarch and minister, so how can they regard the monarch as an enemy?Genghis Khan seemed to be moved by this sentence.He put Chucai by his side, and instead of calling him by his name, he called him Wutu Saheli.Not being named is a kind of courtesy to the people below.Wutu Saheli means a bearded person in Mongolian.Chu Cai grew a beautiful beard when he was young.

In 1218 A.D., a Mongolian caravan entrusted by Genghis Khan to carry a personal letter was killed in the Khwarazmo Kingdom in the Western Regions.A punitive expedition was launched the following year.Genghis Khan’s expedition to the Western Regions lasted seven years. He chased the prince of Khwarazm all the way out of the Indus River from Afghanistan. An army from the Caspian Sea also crossed the Caucasus, fought with the southern Russian princes, and ravaged Central Asia.Yelu Chucai also participated in this expedition. The Western Expeditionary Brigade Has Not Returned Home Sweat dripping sand in June

feel ashamed but lucky Cutting new melons in a cool place in the afternoon This is a quatrain titled Tasting New Melons in the Western Regions written during the expedition to the Western Regions.This new melon is Hami melon.It is also called horse head melon in other poems.After the erudite Yelu Chucai went on an expedition with Genghis Khan, he expanded his knowledge even more. Chu Cai's mother cut off a lock of hair for him when he set off for the expedition.Parents' hair is called Pibingfa, and it is said that bringing it with you can avoid the five soldiers (dao, arrow, etc.).The sentence on the sideburns still knotted with soldiers comes from his poem entitled Missing Relatives.The ending of the second heptagram of the same title is as follows:

The hometown is eight thousand miles away My mother is over sixty years old When will I hang the crown and say goodbye to wealth and honor? Shaolin Jiachu Bu Xinju His mood is to build a simple house in a quiet place, serve his mother, and live a stable life.If you have read the poetry anthology of Buddhist believer Zhan Ran, you will know his wish very well.But even so, he could not live in seclusion.Because he believed that the Mongolian emperor could not live without him. 【All virtuous ministers】 Genghis Khan thus brought the rules of the steppe into the world he conquered.Besides, he didn't know any other way.Yelu Chucai may have a sense of mission because of this, and felt that he had the responsibility to teach the Mongolian emperor.

Those who surrendered were dealt with leniently, and the cities that resisted were killed to the last. This was the law of the grassland.They slaughtered resisting residents in Samarkand, Bukhara, Baghdad and other cities, destroyed towns, and plundered treasures and beauties.If they have territorial ambitions, maybe there are other ways to do it.The grandson of Genghis Khan was shot to death by stray arrows in Afghanistan. Naturally, the local residents were massacred regardless of men, women, old and children, and even the local vegetation was uprooted.As long as it is a creature that can survive, even if it is a plant or a tree, it is not allowed to exist.Yelu Chucai thinks this is barbarism and it will destroy civilization. Yelu Chucai, with a long beard, uses himself as a shield to protect civilization.He has to let the other party know that this is barbarism.Therefore, one must follow the emperor who ordered tens of thousands of people to die. In Xixia, there was a famous bowmaker named Chang Bajin who was summoned by Genghis Khan.This Chang Bajin boasted: "The country is about to use force, so what's the use of a Confucian like Yelu?"Yelu Chucai replied: "To make a bow, you need a bowsmith, so why don't those who are in charge of the world need to use a craftsman to rule the world?"It is said that Genghis Khan appreciated these words and trusted him more and more. The Mongolian emperor thought he could rule the world and appointed him.Yelu Chucai is proud of his political expertise. At the beginning of the rise of Mongolia, because of the expedition to the Western Regions, there was no policy for the Central Plains at all, and officials were allowed to do as they pleased.A minister named Bie Die said: It's useless even if you get the Han people.It's better to go all the way, so that the vegetation will flourish and be used as pasture land. As a result, this sentence was actually carried out.The fields were trampled, the mulberry trees were felled, and the nomads brought their flocks from the north to the south.In this regard, Yelu Chucai persuaded: Your Majesty will make a southern expedition, and the military needs should be funded. Sincerely set the Central Plains land tax, commercial tax, salt, wine, iron smelting, and mountain marshes. The year can get 500,000 taels of silver, 80,000 horses of silk, and more than 400,000 millet. Stones are enough to supply, so what does it mean to be useless? At that time, Genghis Khan was dead, and it was the era of his son Taizong Wokuotai.Taizong asked him to try it out, saying: Qing tried to do it for me. The results are really profitable.Taizong asked him: You don't go to my side, but you can make the country sufficient.Are the ministers of the Southern Kingdom as good as Qing? At that time, the Kingdom of Jin survived in Bian, and the Southern Song Dynasty with Hangzhou as its capital was still there.The so-called southern country should refer to these two countries. Those who are in the other side are all better than ministers.The minister is not talented, so he stays in Yan for His Majesty's use. Chu Cai replied.It means: when the capital was moved, all outstanding people went to Bianjing, and those who stayed in Yanjing were all worthless people like me. Emperor Taizong gave him wine to praise his modesty, and he was appointed as Zhongshu Ling (Prime Minister) immediately.In fact, Genghis Khan once said to Emperor Taizong: Chucai is a gift from God to my family.In the future, the state affairs must be completely entrusted to him! After ascending to this position, Yelu Chucai wanted to stamp out barbarism.At that time, the governor near Beijing, that is, Shi Mo Xiandebu, who served as the post of Yan Jiliu, was greedy and cruel by nature, and killed many people wantonly. Chu Cai burst into tears when he heard this, and immediately entered the play. Please ban the prefectures and counties. Unless you have a seal book, you are not allowed to confiscate without authorization.As a result, the wind of greed and violence was slightly suppressed. This passage can be found in "Yuan Shi". Bandit incidents occurred frequently in Beijing.The bandits actually pulled an ox cart to the rich man's house in broad daylight.The emperor ordered envoys (personal envoys of the Son of Heaven) and Chu Cai to investigate.Chu Cai investigated carefully, and the other party hardly concealed his name and identity.These people are all relatives and confidantes of the aforementioned Empress Dowager Gong Shima Xiandebu, and they are in collusion with each other.Not only do they not hide, but they do evil openly.All the sentenced prisoners were arrested and imprisoned, but a violent bribery offensive attacked the ambassador.Chu Cai persuaded the envoy to reject the bribe, and then publicly executed the sixteen culprits.The culprit is a powerful family and may retaliate, but Chu Cai dares to challenge the barbarian. He once petitioned to promulgate eighteen prohibitions to the world, one of which was: Contributing gifts, causing serious harm, should be strictly prohibited.This is the ban on gift-giving.Emperor Taizong agreed with almost all the prohibitions, except for the contribution: this is a voluntary donation from the gift giver, so it should be allowed!To this, Chu Cai replied: The cause of moth damage must be due to this.Does not back down. All Qing's performances follow.You can't follow me? Taizong complained.This incident is also seen in "Yuan Shi".However, Chu Cai is not blindly strict with politics.In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were many people who committed crimes against the law, and there was no remedy for them.Chu Caizuo please issue an edict: Everything that happened before the first day of Geng Yin's first month will be pardoned. Geng Yin (1230 A.D.) was the second year of Taizong's accession to the throne. Before that, the law was not complete and there were many unjust cases.He wrote it all off. Shi Moxian, the post-residency officer who suffered a painful lesson because of Chucai, colluded with a certain prince and said: Zhongshu ordered Yelu Chucai to only use his relatives and acquaintances, so there must be ulterior motives.He should be killed immediately!Emperor Taizong drove back his envoy, and then ordered Chu Cai to investigate the suspected prison incident related to Shi Mo Xiande's divination.But Chu Cai did not undertake this investigation, he said: This person is arrogant, so he is prone to slander.There will be trouble in the south today, and it is not too late for him to rule. It is said that Taizong said to the people around him: Chu Cai is not a grudge, he is really a generous elder, you should learn from him. [Those who keep success must use Confucian ministers] The Mongolian army entered Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of Jin, in April 1233 AD.When the general Su Butai attacked Bianjing, he said that he would massacre the city because Bianjing had resisted for a long time.It is the law of the grassland that the resisting cities are to be completely destroyed and the residents are to be massacred.This is called massacre.Of course, Yelu Chucai desperately opposed this suggestion of massacring the city. Soldiers have been exposed (toiled and fought) for decades, and those who want to land are the ears of the people.If you have land but no people, how will you use it! He tried to persuade.But Taizong, the Mongol emperor, was also obsessed with the rules of the grassland.In the end, it seemed that the massacre of the city was allowed in accordance with the usual practice. The ingenious workmanship and the house of thick storage are all gathered here. If you kill them all, you will get nothing. Because of Yelu Chucai's advice, Emperor Taizong finally decided to stop the punishment of the Wanyan family (the Jin royal family) and leave the rest alone. The work of KitKat is technology, and the home of Houzang is wealth.This is not temporary wealth, but the continuous accumulation of family wealth, perhaps another technology.This is what Mongolia lacks, and Taizong should be very clear about it.How about choosing the Mongolian rules of the grassland era?Or go south to the Han land to manage it and make Mongolia develop?Taizong chose the latter of the two.There were 1.47 million people in Bianjing, and their lives were saved. As soon as Bianjing fell, Chucai immediately sent people to search for the descendants of Confucius.Find out the fifty-first grandson Kong Yuancuo, confer the title of Yan Shenggong on him, and give him the land of Lin Temple.Experts in etiquette and temperament, or famous Confucianists Liang Zhi, Wang Wanqing, Zhao Zhu, etc. were all recruited to give lectures in the East Palace. In addition, there was Yuan Haowen, a great poet of Jin Dynasty in Bianjing at that time.He was also worried about the destruction of civilization because of Mongolia's barbarism, so he sent a letter to Yelu Chucai asking him to protect cultural people.This article is the famous "Send Zhongshu Yelu Gongshu". Although the massacre was avoided and human lives were saved, they were all reduced to slaves and sent to officers and soldiers.Yuan Haowen chanted the scene at that time in several poems. The roadside is full of tired prisoners In the past, cars flowed like water Pink cries with the Uighur horse For whom step by step The captives tied up with ropes were full lying on the side of the road, and the covered carriages passed by like a stream of water. The women followed the Uyghur horses while crying. For whom did they turn around every step of the way? ? Taiping marriage never leaves home Chu Chu Er Lang little girl Cultivated for three hundred years but trade the desert for cattle and sheep In the era of peace, marriages did not come from outside the village. Weak boys and girls have created civilization for three hundred years, but now they are taken to the desert to exchange for cattle and sheep. This tragic fate, even scholars are no exception.When Bianjing fell, Yelu Chucai worked hard to rescue only the ritual and music experts needed for national ceremonies, and the others were still reduced to war slaves. The year following the fall of Bianjing, Emperor Ai committed suicide and the Jin Dynasty fell.Three years later, in the ninth year of Emperor Taizong (AD 1237) Ding Younian, "Yuan Shi.Yelu Chucai Biography has the following records: Ding You, Chu Caizuo said: Those who make utensils must use good craftsmanship, and those who keep success must use Confucian officials.The career of Confucian officials has not been accumulated for decades, and it is almost not easy to succeed.The emperor said: "Guoer, you can be an official."Chu Cai said: "Please take the school test."He ordered Liu Zhong, the Xuanke envoy of Xuandezhou, to take the examination with the prefecture, which was divided into three subjects: Confucianism, Ci Fu, and theory.There are 4,300 people who get Shifan, one of the four who are exempt from slavery. Here he compares Confucian officials to technicians who make utensils.This may be the most effective way to convince Mongolian dignitaries.The examination was held in the second year, called the Reform Movement Selection Examination. Obtaining administrative and technical personnel is an excuse, and saving intellectuals who have been reduced to war slaves seems to be Yelu Chucai's real purpose.The master who takes an intellectual as a slave, hides him, and prevents him from taking the exam will be sentenced to death. It can be seen that there is a great power behind this.Because they do not want to be killed, even a slave who can only read a little, the slave owners will inevitably drive him to take the exam. The 1898 election was not an imperial examination.The imperial examination is held regularly, and the exam is only this time.The imperial examinations were held in the Yuan Dynasty during the period of Renzong who knew Chinese culture best, and that was 80 years later. Yelu Chucai probably did not regard this examination as a regular imperial examination, which must be because of the strong resistance of the militaristic Mongolian conservatives.After entering the Central Plains, some people within the Mongols should also be inclined to culturalism.Yelu Chucai, who was a descendant of the Khitan Liao royal family and once served in the Jin Dynasty, may have a better position to advocate culturalism than the Han people who have no status.Liu Zhong, who presided over the election of the Reform Movement of 1898, was recommended by Yelu Chucai. After Chucai's death, there was household registration in Renzi (1252 A.D.), and those who passed the selection test were registered as Confucian households.Because technicians can refine their skills by passing them down from father to son, they are regarded as hereditary occupations. As soon as the nomadic atmosphere of deforestation enveloped the Central Plains, people immediately became displaced.In order to build a country where farmers can live with peace of mind, the atmosphere at the top must be calmed down.Yelu Chucai followed the Mongolian emperor closely because of Feng Dao's love for the people when he told the Khitan emperor Yelu Deguang two hundred years ago that at this time, the people could not be saved by the Buddha, but only the emperor could save them.Chu Cai seemed to want to build his own ideals on the basis of his friendship with the emperor. Taizong Wo Kuotai liked to drink very much, and drank with his ministers every day, but Yelu Chucai refused to listen to his repeated admonitions.Chu Cai held the iron cover of the wine trough and said: Even the iron will be corroded like this by the wine, let alone the five internal organs!Taizong managed to limit his drinking to three minutes a day.A bell is a container for wine, and three bells are roughly three cups.However, it is said that one bell is quite a large capacity. Once, Chu Cai attended a banquet with the royal family, but got drunk and fell down in the car.When Taizong saw it, he approached the car and shook him.Chu Cai was in a deep sleep, and his mind was still not clear, so what he said was really noisy!Open your eyes and look, the emperor is there. If you get drunk alone, don't you share the joy with me? Taizong said and left. When Chu Cai hurriedly put on his hat and went to meet in person, Taizong had already prepared wine and waited, so the emperor and his ministers drank happily.This story is also found in history books.Yelu Chucai had drank with the emperor before, and since then Chucai has deepened his friendship with the emperor. 【Innocent Killing Minister】 Mongolia has a military-first physique, and its officers are very capable.They want to intervene not only in the military, but in any field.Yelu Chucai worked hard to establish a system in civil affairs in which military officers could not intervene.For the common people, an officer who threatens people with weapons is terrible, and most of the officers' demands are unreasonable.Crying for the people is Yelu Chucai's unchanging attitude throughout his life. Under a stable regime, the people will be happy, this is Chu Cai's idea.The most stable regime is a system in which all power is concentrated in the emperor.It is for this reason that Chu Cai objected to giving the newly occupied land to the prince and general. There are so-called Han Dynasty princes in Hebei.During the period of turmoil at the end of the Jin Dynasty, local wealthy families and knight-errants formed self-defense groups to prevent thieves and defend the homeland.Knowing that the place was safe, many people moved in, so the leader seemed to be a lord.When the Mongolian army went south, they led the local residents to surrender, and the leaders were awarded official positions. This is the Han Dynasty Marquis.At that time, there were dozens of such princes in Hebei.Without their cooperation, it would be difficult for Mongolia to restore local order. Therefore, they were allowed to have the right to levy taxes and appoint officials as a reward for submission, and presented the appearance of a small independent country. Yelu Chucai, who advocates centralization, will of course try to limit the power of the Han princes.The Shilu Taxation Office set up according to his opinion is an institution that took back the right to collect taxes from the Han family.The chief and deputy officials of the tax office are Han intellectuals, and their staff are organized into tax households.Just like those who passed the 1898 election examination were incorporated into Confucian households, this position is hereditary, and it is different from ordinary people, so as to prevent them from being used by external power. Yelu Chucai firmly opposed Taizong's idea of ​​dividing the prefectures and counties to the royal family and nobles as territories.Judging from the character of the Mongols, it can be seen that this practice will lead to feudal division.It is best to give gold and silk (gold, silk) to the prince.Chucai finally succeeded in persuading Taizong. The most important achievement of Yelu Chucai is the modification of the tax system, which is called the Xiinakecha method.In addition to tax and grain, every two households had to give one catty of silk to the government, and every five households had to give one catty of silk to princes and princes.The princes and princes all gave five families to replace their territories.According to the statistics of the whole country, the number is extremely large, but the burden on the people is very light.One catty is sixteen taels, and the burden of a household is eight taels plus three.Two taels, a little over eleven taels in total, plus land tax, commercial tax, salt price, etc. are also very light tax rates.Therefore, in the court meeting, of course some people expressed their opinion that it was too light.In this regard, Chucai said: The method is cool, but its disadvantages are still greedy.There will be those who will advance in order to benefit, but now it is already heavy. The concept of taxation in Mongolia and the Western Regions is that if there is a shortage, it can be collected at any time.In fact, Chucai seemed to have this kind of thinking in his time.Unbelievably light, this is a figure that can be called the basic tax rate.Chu Cai may want to deeply integrate the belief of being light-hearted and light-hearted into the Sina Kecha method. Mongolia is not good at economic policy. In this regard, they tend to entrust shrewd businessmen from the Western Regions.In the Yuan Dynasty, these merchants were called Semu people, including Iranians and Uighurs.They inherited the tradition of Sogdian (Editor's note: Persian people living in Central Asia, who have been proficient in trade since ancient times and contributed a lot to the exchange of Eastern and Western cultures) merchants, and they were naturally good at saving money. There was a Semu man named Odula Heman, who was trusted by Empress Taizong Tulajina at that time, and served as the official of the tax collection office for various roads, which was equivalent to the chief of the National Taxation Bureau.In fact, he is a so-called Pumai, that is, a tax collector.He said that he could increase Henan's taxation silver from 1.1 million taels to 2.2 million taels, so Liu Huduma, She Lifading, Liu Tingyu and others proposed to rush to buy the taxation of the world.Chu Cai objected, saying: "This profit-greedy person abuses his superiors and subordinates, causing great harm."But it was dismissed. Audura Heman said that he was willing to undertake it at twice the price.Turning 1.1 million into 2.2 million, and what he actually collected may be more than 3 million. After paying the agreed amount, the rest will probably be put into private pockets.How can the people bear such harsh demands?Yelu Chucai desperately opposed it again and again.But Taizong, who is known as lenient and benevolent, was also moved by the double tax agreement.In the future, not only must the Southern Expedition be necessary, but there are still many things that I want to do.He intentionally let this perverted person show off, so he mocked Chu Cai, who strongly opposed it, and said: What's the matter?Do you want to fight?Chu Cai may have shed tears at that time.Taizong said: Do you want to cry for the people?Gu Ling tried it out! This matter can be seen in "Yuan Shi". The trick of Audura Heman is to collect seven taels of silver from each household in addition to the system of payment, which is called the system of seven taels of silver.This unreasonable approach was not only opposed by Chu Cai, but also by the Han princes in Hebei, so the plan was shelved. Taizong died in the thirteenth year of his accession to the throne, and then came the era of Empress Tulajina's regent.Audura Heman, who has won the trust of the queen, is very powerful, but whenever something happens, Chu Cai will argue with the court.Chucai is very dangerous!Everyone said so, but he wasn't afraid of death. When the Queen announced that she intended to hand over the blank imperial edict with the imperial seal to Odura Heman so that he could fill it in at any time, Chu Cai said: The world is the world of the first emperor.The imperial court has its own charter, but if it wants to mess it up now, the ministers dare not obey the imperial edict. Due to Chu Cai's strict opposition, the white paper edict was abandoned.The queen regent then decreed: Fan Aodu was built by Heman, and those who make history not to be written will cut off their hands. Yelu Chucai debated endlessly: The allusions of the country, the first emperor appointed the old ministers to tell the history what to do.If things are reasonable, they should be followed.If it's not feasible, die and don't avoid it, what's more, it's cut off! and say out loud: The veteran served Taizu and Taizong for more than 30 years, and he never failed the country.How could the queen kill her minister innocently. Although the queen was displeased, she was deeply respected because he was an old honor. From the time when he served Genghis Khan in his youth, Yelu Chucai must have seen life and death, and volunteered to be the backing of defending culture and defending against barbarism.There was a force in his questioning of Tula Jina. Three years after Taizong's death, in the fifth month of Jiachen (AD 1244), Yelu Chucai died in office at the age of fifty-five.It is said that the queen gave a very generous gift (dianyi) for mourning. There are always villains who flatter power.Knowing that the Queen Regent was actually displeased with Chu Cai, it is said that someone accused that the Prime Minister had appropriated half of the world's tribute for himself during his term of office.The queen asked Mariza beside her to investigate the matter. No matter how flattering the queen is, he cannot say that there is nothing.If there is, evidence must be produced.All that Yelu's family has is the qin he likes to play, more than a dozen Ruan Xian instruments, and dozens of volumes of ancient and modern calligraphy and paintings, gold and stone and other cultural relics. These things are not worth half of the world's tribute. Two years after Yelu Chucai's death, Emperor Dingzong ascended the throne, and Oduraheman lost power and was killed.He is the one who embezzles public property. After Yelu Chucai's death, he was posthumously granted the titles of Taishi, Shangzhu Kingdom, and King of Guangning, and his posthumous posthumous title was Wenzheng. So that the people of the Central Plains will not practice mowing in Rongdi, it is all the power of the wife.It is said that the so-called self-depreciation to exercise power, how many Chu materials are there? This is the comment on Chucai in "Xin Yuan Shi". In "Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan", there is a sentence in which power is exercised in a proper way, and self-derogation is used to exercise power, which is an ideal image of the person who exercises power.This passage evaluates that Yelu Chucai is close to this ideal image. The "Yuan Shi" compiled in the Ming Dynasty is famous for its fabrication, and Ke Shaomin, a Jinshi in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote "Xin Yuan Shi" to supplement it at the beginning of this century.The Imperial University of Tokyo awarded Koch a Doctor of Letters degree for this work.