Chapter 13 (Chapter 13) Zheng He

Former Sima Qian, later Zheng He.It can be said that Sima Qian’s stagnation of being castrated was transformed into the writing of "Historical Records"; and Zheng He may have devoted his stagnation to the voyages ordered by the emperor!In silence, he seems to tell us this. [The young eunuch dedicated to Yan Wang Zhu Di] Zheng He's voyage to the West in the early fifteenth century was indeed a feat of mankind. In fact, his voyage to the West was ordered by Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Empire provided financial support.But the reputation of the commander-in-chief Zheng He has not diminished slightly.Zheng He was in charge of commanding the seven voyages to the West, because there was no suitable candidate other than him.Judging from the fact that every time more than 20,000 personnel can command Yuru, it can be said that Zheng He's talent is extraordinary.

Even so, I still feel that with such achievements, Zheng He has not received the evaluation he deserves.He is a eunuch who is incapacitated.This seems to have slightly lowered Zheng He's evaluation.However, becoming a eunuch was a matter of youth, and he did not commit any crimes.It is nothing but prejudice to lower the evaluation of a person just because he is a eunuch. In modern terms, Zheng He was born in a minority.In other words, they were not Han people, but the so-called Semu people in the Yuan Dynasty.For example, people of various races who are not Mongolian or Han are generally called Semu people.He is mainly of Western descent, but it is unclear whether he is Uyghur, Iranian, or Arab.

The Yuan Dynasty, which ruled China with a small number of Mongols, tried various methods to control the vast majority of Han people.Although they were all Han, they divided the northerners who originally belonged to the Jin Kingdom and the former Southern Song territory into Han people and Southern people (scornfully called barbarians), and placed the Han people above the Southern people, causing the majority to split.Then, non-Han people other than Mongols are called Semu people, and they are placed above the Han people.The Semu people were therefore regarded as a quasi-dominant class and became close partners of the Mongols.By the way, the Italian Marco Polo was also classified as a Semu people.

Regarding the family background of Zheng He, a native of Semu, it is said that his ancestor led a thousand soldiers to join Genghis Khan's Western Expedition and was named the King of Xianyang, so he lived in Yunnan from generation to generation.Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang expelled the Yuan regime and established a new dynasty in 1368 AD, but Yunnan was not included in the territory in the early days.Fifteen years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the army led by Fu Youde, the general who conquered the south, pacified Yunnan. Before Zheng He set off to the West, he asked Li Zhigang, the Minister of Rites, to write the epitaph for his late father. His father died in the fifteenth year of Hongwu (AD 1382), which was the year when the Ming army conquered Yunnan.His father, who was a pro-Mongol class and had privileges in Yunnan, may have died in the crusade.At the time, the twelve-year-old Zheng He appeared to have been castrated, possibly on the grounds that he was the son of a privileged Semu people.Zheng He, who joined the Ming Dynasty and became an eunuch, of course would not write this matter on his father's epitaph.It is completely unknown how Zheng He became a eunuch.Probably, among the children of Semuren's good families, the Ming army used youngsters before puberty as eunuchs!Zheng He's elder brother Ma Wenming was not castrated.

The tomb of Zheng He's twelfth grandson-in-law has also been discovered, so it is known that his distant ancestor is Sai Dian Chi Shan Si Ding.There is a legend in the "Yuan Shi" that this person was once sent to Yunnan as a political official (prime minister) of Zhongshu Pingzhang. He was in office for six years, and it is said that he died there.During his tenure, he built Confucius Temple and Minglun Hall, purchased classics and historical documents, set up school fields (fields to maintain school funds), and devoted himself especially to education.When he died, according to records, the common people were crying, and the Jiaozhi (Vietnam) envoy said howling and shaking the wild. It seems that good governance was implemented.Kublai Khan ordered officials in Yunnan not to change his rules.

Zheng He is said to be a descendant of Ma Suhu, the fifth son of this man.Of course Zheng He also had the surname Ma, but it is said that Emperor Yongle ordered him to change his surname to Zheng.On the epitaph of his father, it is said that he was given the surname Zheng.However, it seems that this surname is also used. The vicinity of his residence in Jiangning (Nanjing) is called Mafu Street, which can be seen in local chronicles. Although he was a Muslim, his distant ancestor was enthusiastic about education and founded a Confucian school. Of course Zheng He also studied the Four Books and Five Classics.His father's surname was Ma and his name was Haji, and his grandfather's name was also Haji, as recorded in the epitaph.It seems strange that father and son have the same name, but Ha is just the title given to the pilgrims in Mecca.It can be seen that Zheng He's father and grandfather both made pilgrimages to Mecca.Undoubtedly, they are devout Muslim families, but also have the financial ability to pilgrimage to Mecca.And Zheng He may have heard his father and grandfather tell stories about his trip to the Central Asian grasslands and the Arabian desert since he was a child.

Wu Han, a scholar of Ming history (formerly the deputy mayor of Beijing, who was persecuted to death by the Cultural Revolutionists because of the opera "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office") has the following speculations about Zheng He's castration and becoming Emperor Yongle's personal servant: The generals dispatched to various places in the early Ming Dynasty seemed to have the custom of castrating young captives and serving them as handymen.The generals who triumphantly returned to Nanjing dedicated the spoils to the emperor and the royal family.Captives are also a kind of trophy.The castrated boys were probably sacrificed in this way.Dedicated to the royal family, there must be a beautiful and smart boy.The handsome boy Zheng He was dedicated to Zhu Di, the fourth son of the emperor (Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang), by the returning general.

Therefore, Zheng He served Zhu Di, the king of Yan who was in Beijing at that time.Later, Zhu Di fought with his nephew Emperor Jianwen for four years, and finally succeeded in winning the throne.In this battle, known in history as the Jingnan Incident, Zheng He joined the battle as Zhu Di's subordinate, and it is said that he made military exploits.Regarding the content of the military exploits, there is no specific record in the history books, but it happened during the prime of Zheng He's twenty-nine to thirty-two years old. Zhu Di came to the throne and named him Yongle.He is Ming Chengzu, but most of the time he is called Emperor Yongle.Eunuchs are people who serve the emperor, that is, the emperor's closest servants.Judging from the fact that Zheng He's military exploits during the Jingnan Incident have not been specifically recorded in the history books, he may have accomplished a confidential task.Zheng He was promoted by Emperor Yongle to be a eunuch, the highest position among eunuchs.

[Nine feet in length, beautiful eyebrows, walking like a tiger] Zheng He's first voyage to the West was in June of the third year of Yongle (AD 1405).This cannot but be said to be an astonishing thing. It is said that there are sixty-two huge ships, carrying more than 27,800 officers and soldiers. The huge ship is forty-four feet (150 meters) long and eighteen feet (62 meters) wide. According to expert calculations, this is equivalent to the current 8,000-ton ship.If Da Gama circled the Cape of Good Hope 90 years later and discovered the Indian route, the flagship at that time was only equivalent to 120 tons. This is really an unbelievable giant ship.In fact, there is a strong argument that the size of the ships recorded in the "Ming History" is exaggerated.But judging from the huge ship rudder unearthed in the suburbs of Nanjing in 1957, this doubt disappeared.

Yongle three years this period is worth noting.Fighting to the death, the four-year Jingnan Change ended in June of the fourth year of Jianwen (AD 1402), and the Yuan was changed to Yongle the following year.After four years of fierce fighting, sixty-two huge ships and more than 28,700 officers and soldiers were mobilized in only three years. This is really very difficult.During the 30 years of Ming Taizu's reign, although there were major incidents of suspected prisons and purges, they only shook the court and the upper class, and the common people could live and work in peace and contentment.

In old age, worrying about the people is beneficial. "History of Ming Dynasty" praised Taizu's dedication to canals, irrigation, disaster prevention and other major projects in his later years, and completed them in a short period of time.The common people have sufficient rest and have spare energy. Because Taizu hates extravagance and advocates simplicity, the treasury can be enriched.Some people say that Yongle's voyages to the west cost Taizu's inheritance, so it is only natural that they can be prepared in a short period of time. With the treasury full, it might be easy financially to prepare for the voyage.However, to command such a large fleet and complete the voyage should be no small matter. Emperor Yong Le handed over the command of the voyage to Zheng He, he should be very confident.Zheng He has been by his side since he was a boy, and he watched Zheng He grow up.Moreover, during the Jingnan Incident, Zheng He also made great contributions. At that time, there were people in the court who looked at people's faces.Yuan Gong, who was born in Zhejiang, was very famous, but he retired to his hometown during the time of Emperor Yongle, calling himself a layman in Liuzhuang.His son Yuan Zhongche took over his father's post.Emperor Yong Le was very confident in using Zheng He, but he still asked Yuan Zhongche.The fortune teller immediately replied: worthy of appointment.Yuan Zhongche is the author of many works such as "Personality Dacheng" and "Ancient and Modern Knowledge". In the book, he described Zheng He as nine feet long (180 cm), waist 10 girth (150 cm?), face Small square nose, noble face, beautiful eyebrows, white and long ears, teeth like shells, gait like a tiger, and loud voice. When it comes to eunuchs, people will have a preconceived notion that he is not a man, but Zheng He can be called a great husband.People can't help but wonder, is this really a eunuch? After the Taizu drove the Mongolian regime to the north, he focused on internal affairs, but Emperor Yongle changed his eyes and turned his attention to the outside world.He had great ambitions. He had personally conquered Mobei five times, and then entrusted Zheng He with the task of expedition to the West (the west of Guangzhou is called the West). Some people may feel skeptical, thinking that no matter how good Zheng He is, it is impossible for eunuchs to serve as commanders.However, Emperor Yongle could say that Zheng He was appointed precisely because he was an eunuch. In view of the historical facts of the decline of eunuchs in previous dynasties, Taizu decided that there should be no more than a hundred eunuchs in the palace, and he also prohibited eunuchs from holding official positions openly, and stipulated that their rank should not exceed the fourth rank.At the same time, an iron plate was erected on the gate of the palace, engraved with the words that the courtiers (eunuchs) are not allowed to interfere in political affairs, and the forerunner will be cut off, intending to completely suppress the eunuchs. The emperor's grandson, Jianwen Emperor, who succeeded to the throne, strictly abided by his grandfather's legacy. It is said that he was extremely harsh in banning eunuchs.Therefore, during the Jingnan Incident, most of the eunuchs around Emperor Jianwen fled to King Yan (later Emperor Yongle) and leaked their secrets.Zheng He in the army of the King of Yan may have included working on the eunuchs around Emperor Jianwen. Unlike his father Taizu, Emperor Yongle treated eunuchs very politely.Because relying on the internal support of the enemy's eunuchs, he was able to seize the throne.Although he inherited his father's suspicious character, his target was civil and military bureaucrats.Eunuchs, of course, have no heirs.Due to the lack of family support, it is hoped that they will be loyal to the emperor. If the commander of the voyage to the West appoints an ordinary bureaucrat, this person may have gained too much power because of his successful voyage.The aforementioned fortune teller Yuan Zhongche once said to Emperor Yongle that it is best not to use military officials to obtain treasures from foreign countries (that is, to go to the West).Emperor Yong Le thought that not only military officials, but even civil servants were dangerous.Eunuchs have no family and live in the palace, while ordinary bureaucrats have family life in addition to court life.There is a place that the emperor cannot see.In contrast, the eunuch's life was fully revealed in front of the emperor, and it was clear at a glance.For the emperor, they were reassuring. In the year when Emperor Yongle came to the throne, he sent a man named Li Xing to Siam.Unlike Taizu, who paid attention to internal affairs and was passive to the outside world, the act of sending envoys can be regarded as a positive declaration to the outside world.This Li Xing is also an eunuch.He may be an eloquent man. Emperor Yongle chose those who were good at debating as diplomats, and chose commanding, calm, courageous and tolerant people to command the expeditionary army.Perhaps Zheng He was promoted because he was considered a Muslim.There are many Muslims in the West, and the leaders of the Ming Dynasty who inherited the cause of the world empire Yuan Dynasty should be very clear about this. Although receiving courtesy from Emperor Yong Le, eunuchs are eunuchs after all.They bear the contemptuous eyes of scholar-bureaucrats.Compared with his achievements, Zheng He's evaluation must not be high. "History of Ming Dynasty.The "Biography of Zheng He" only lists the names of the countries he sailed through and what happened there, and there is no comment on him.But only from the deeds of successfully completing seven voyages, it should be possible to understand that his ability and character are indeed outstanding. The departure and return times of the seven voyages to the West led by Zheng He are as follows: For the first time, he set off in the third year of Yongle (AD 1405) and returned to China in the fifth year of Yongle. The second Yongle set off in five years and returned to China in seven years. For the third time, he set off in the seventh year of Yongle and returned to China in the ninth year of Yongle. The fourth trip started in the 11th year of Yongle. Zheng He's main team returned to China in the 13th year of Yongle, and the team that sailed from the east coast of Africa to Aden in the Arabian Peninsula returned to China in the 14th year of Yongle. The fifth time was the 15th year of Yongle, the home team returned to China in the 17th year of Yongle, and the team that bypassed Africa returned to China in the 18th year of Yongle. The sixth time started in the 19th year of Yongle (AD 1421), the main team returned to China in the 20th year, and the sub-team returned to the country in the 21st year. The seventh set off in the fifth year of Xuande (AD 1430), and returned to China in the eighth year of Xuande. ︱ ︱ ︱ It has been eight years since Zheng He returned to China for the sixth time when he set off for the seventh time.Before the sixth time, they sailed continuously.But after the death of Emperor Yongle, the succeeding Emperor Hongxi also died soon, and later Emperor Xuande came to the throne.The long interval between these two times must be due to this abnormal situation. 【Gari Stele reveals the amazing inside story】 What is the purpose of the voyage?It can be understood from the name of the treasure ship in the West, its main purpose is to fetch treasure.It can be regarded as trading with large groups of armed merchant ships.Doing so can also demonstrate the national prestige of the Ming Dynasty and make all countries recognize Ming as the suzerain state, because for the Ming Dynasty, transactions are nothing more than tributes from various countries and gifts from Ming to other countries.In order to trade, the suzerainty of the Ming Dynasty must be recognized. In addition, the remains of Emperor Jianwen, who failed in the Jingnan Incident, were not found, so some people said that he had fled, while others thought that he should be searched.However, Emperor Yongle should not have worried about whether Emperor Jianwen was still alive. Also, Timur, who rose in Central Asia, is planning an eastward expedition. Therefore, some people believe that the purpose of going to the West is to ally with the countries in West Asia and threaten their backs in order to resist them.However, Timur died in AD 1405 (the third year of Yongle), the year of his first voyage, and he did not pose a threat to Ming Dynasty. Trading is still the main purpose.Trading is naturally accompanied by cultural exchange.Zheng He himself may think that he was only commanding the fleet under the orders of the emperor, but we must admit that his achievements are really great. Although it is a treasure ship, it is loaded with Chinese treasures.Mainly silk, pottery, musk, camphor and so on.The treasures brought back were pepper, ambergris, pearls, gems, corals, etc. In addition, lions, giraffes, leopards, zebras, ostriches, Sima (Arabian horses) and so on were also returned. I have read a paper, the main idea of ​​which is that the purpose of Zheng He's voyage is to maintain and protect the peace and order in Southeast Asia (Xu Yuhu "Ming Zheng He's Study").If the premise of the transaction is to recognize the suzerainty of the Ming Dynasty, then the transaction is nothing more than the maintenance of peace and order. During the seven voyages, the Ming Dynasty fleet also used force several times, but the official battle should be the third voyage to fight against the King of Ceylon.Zheng He attacked the palace by surprise and captured the king.The cause of the war was that the king of Ceylon refused to accept the canonization of the Ming Dynasty.In other words, it does not recognize the suzerainty of the Ming Dynasty.Zheng He took drastic measures at that time. The king of Ceylon was also taken back to Middle-earth, and was soon released.During his first voyage to the West, Zheng He attacked and captured Chen Zuyi, who was conducting piracy in Palem︱bang.Chen Zuyi was beheaded in Ming Dynasty.When it is pardoned, it is pardoned, and when it is punished, it is punished. The clear judgment is of course based on Zheng He's report and opinions. In 1911 AD, in Galle, Ceylon Island (Sri Lanka), the slab of Gaigou was found to be a stele, which was later collected in a museum in Colombo.This stele is engraved with Chinese, Tamil and Persian languages. Due to severe wear and tear, only Chinese characters can be barely read.The year recorded on the tablet is the seventh year of Yongle, and the content is that it should be offered in a Buddhist temple to thank the safety of navigation and to pray for everything in the future.There is also a list of offerings and alms at that time. The unrecognizable parts of Tamil and Persian are supposed to be Chinese translations.But recently, due to the advancement of high technology, the severely worn parts have been recognizable, and it was found that the content was different from the Chinese. The content of the inscription in Tamil is that the Chinese emperor praised the Hindu god Navalai.Take Yanieru and erect a monument.But the content of the inscription in Persian says that the monument was erected for the God of Allah and the holy man of Islam. In a stone tablet, it is engraved in three languages ​​for Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.Isn't this a touching thing? Although Zheng He himself was a Muslim, almost all of the nearly 30,000 fleet officers and soldiers were Buddhists, while most of the local residents of Ceylon were Hindus.If you go further west, you will enter the Muslim circle.Sailing to the West must pass through various religious circles, and the people under their command must not have religious prejudice.This requires a tolerant personality. The beginning of the inscription in Chinese is: Emperor Ming sent eunuch Zheng He and others.Is it really an order from Emperor Yongle to write different content on the stele inscribed with three languages ​​according to different religions?According to my speculation, I think this kind of matter has been completely handled by Zheng He.Because during the expedition, the top person in charge can make a decision alone on the spot, so the Kerry inscription can be regarded as Zheng He's idea.In addition, according to "Yingya Shenglan", they also built a stele in Calicut, India, but this stele has not yet been discovered, and no rubbings have been left. Although the stele did not remain, the rubbings still remain are "The Stele of the Stone Carvings of the Tianfei Palace in Liujiagang, Loudong", which is said to have been written by Zheng He himself. In the fifth year of Xuande, the edict was still issued to the various countries, and the boat masters were moored under the temple.Thinking of the past several times, it was thanks to the protection and help of the gods, so Lewen Yushi. This was written by Zheng He when he set off on his last voyage to the West.The content summarizes the first six voyages, which is the most reliable record. Liujia Port is located in Suzhou, known as the Liuguo Wharf, that is, the berth for ships from various countries, and it was an international port at that time.Zheng He's voyages also started from this point. Tianfei Palace is a Taoist temple dedicated to the Goddess of Navigation.The goddess of navigation is known as Mazu in Fujian and Queen of Heaven in Guangdong.The fleet sailed south from Liujiagang, and then berthed at Wuhumen at the mouth of the Minjiang River in Fujian.There is a Nanshan Temple near Changle County. When Zheng He sailed for the last time, he restored the Tianfei Palace belonging to this temple and erected a monument.The Tianfei Palace in Nanshan Temple was originally built by Zheng He, who prayed for the safety of navigation and played Emperor Yongle. Zheng He, a Muslim, was very active in building the Tianfei Palace, a Taoist temple for idol worship, and worshiping the gods inside.Judging from our current view of Islam, we have to say that it is a very strange thing. not only.Before Emperor Yongle ascended the throne, Zheng He had already received the Bodhisattva precepts from Monk Daoyan in the palace.And isn't it strange that he also worships Nautical Goddess? When he was in Yanwang Mansion, Zheng He was a slave called an eunuch, and it is conceivable that he had lost his freedom.He could not refuse Daoyan's bodhisattva vows at will.This is probably the order of Emperor Yong Le.Can a slave disobey the will of his master? Zheng He's personality was undoubtedly formed by patience and optimism.This keeps him free from prejudice.It was precisely because Emperor Yong Le believed that Zheng He could communicate smoothly with anyone from any country, so he appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the fleet. 【An extraordinary person, so a great cause】 After leaving Wuhumen, the next port of call is Quanzhou, the international trade base in the south.Quanzhou has been inhabited by many foreign Muslims since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and they are called Dashi.Among them are Arabs and Iranians.At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a big cannibal named Pu Shougeng who was the de facto ruler of this place.Of course, Muslim temples were also built.Needless to say, Zheng He held a service there to pray for a safe voyage. Muslims who receive Bodhisattva precepts and pray to Tianfei for safe sailing in Taoist temples.Zheng He can probably be regarded as a strange person!The word alien has the meaning of monster, and he was forced into a monster by people.Before being castrated at the age of twelve, he was an ordinary teenager.He must have been a jovial, studious, and brilliantly intelligent teenager. Taizu, who strictly banned eunuchs, prohibited eunuchs from learning.The eunuchs who stayed with the emperor and had access to confidential documents were illiterate.In the era of Emperor Yongle, eunuchs were treated with courtesy, but due to the prohibition since Taizu, there may be very few literate people.Zheng He's ancestors also founded schools, so he must have read a lot of books before he was twelve years old.Emperor Yongle needed educated eunuchs.The leader of the voyage must be full of education. The extent of Zheng He's knowledge can only be imagined from the aforementioned inscriptions.However, this may have been written by a staff member, and the real situation is still unknown. Unfortunately, almost all records about Zheng He have been annihilated.In the eighth year of Xuande (1433 A.D.), Zheng He sailed back to China for the seventh time. It is said that he may have passed away in the following year.If so, then the age of death should be sixty-four.After the death of Emperor Yongle, the Ming Dynasty once again returned to the path of negativity.The wealth Taizu had accumulated for thirty years may have been roughly exhausted in the generation of Emperor Yongle.Financially, it has become impossible to build more than 60 huge ships and mobilize 30,000 officers and soldiers for an expedition. During the years of Tianshun (AD 1457︱64) and Chenghua (AD 1465︱87), it seems that there was also mention of going to the West again, but they gave up soon after.In addition to financial problems, I am afraid that there is no one suitable to command the expedition fleet, which is also one of the reasons for the cancellation of the plan!It is true that Zheng He can command large-scale expeditions. Although Zheng He has passed away, relying on the records he left and following his footprints, it may still be possible to start the age of navigation again. During the time of Emperor Chenghua, a certain eunuch wanted to find the records of Zheng He stored in the warehouse of the Ministry of War (Ministry of Defense).It may be driven by fame and fame, which made him want to be Zheng He's second!An official of the Ministry of War named Liu Daxia knew about this, so he hid the huge document related to the voyage to the West, and finally burned it.If these records are preserved, we may know more about Zheng He.Liu Daxia later became Minister of the Ministry of War, but he said that the military and politics are ten evils, and he constantly opposed the war.Emperor Hongzhi once said in dissatisfaction: Didn't Emperor Yongle personally conquer many times?Why not now?Liu Daxia replied cleverly: Your majesty is not inferior to Emperor Yongle in martial arts, but most of the generals are no match. The destruction of Zheng He's records, in addition to opposing the expedition, also feared that the eunuch's power would become stronger. Due to the lack of direct data to know Zheng He as a person, we can't find anything that can be used as evidence. It has been said before that, excepting Ceylon and Java, it must have been a remarkable man who managed seven successful voyages with almost no arms. Every time through the same path, but without the troubles of the previous time, the transaction can be carried out peacefully, and the other party can prepare for the next transaction immediately after the transaction is over.Zheng He is undoubtedly a very talented person in guiding transactions. Legends about Zheng He are preserved in various places, and almost all positive comments are made on him.There are also three treasure temples (Judea, Bangkok) and three treasure caves (Java) dedicated to him in various places.If he hadn't received great favors, he probably wouldn't have built a temple.Zheng He's character is Sanbao, and he is also known as the eunuch of Sanbao.Changing the word Bao to Bao with the same pronunciation shows that this is the kindness of those who deal with him. Former Sima Qian, later Zheng He. It is said that the eunuchs of the Qing Dynasty often boasted like this.Although castrated, they are two giants who can do things that ordinary people can't do. After Sima Qian received the punishment of corruption (castration), he said in a letter to his friends that the reason why he dared to live with a cheeky face was because there were still things to be done and unprecedented historical works to be completed. The preface of "Historical Records" also says: The former Xibo (King Wen of Zhou) played "Book of Changes" in Yuli: Confucius defeated Chen and Cai and wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao"; "The Art of War"; Buwei moved to Shu, handed down "Lu Lan" (Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals); The three hundred poems in the "Poetry" are mostly written by sages and sages.This person all intends to be depressed and unable to understand the way, so he tells the past and thinks about the future. Sima Qian's previous great works, such as the ones he lists here, were written by people who were frustrated.In other words, they are not ordinary people, so they can accomplish great things. Zheng He did not engage in writing.It can be said that Sima Qian’s stagnation of being castrated was transformed into the writing of "Historical Records"; and Zheng He may have devoted his stagnation to the voyages ordered by the emperor!He didn't leave articles like Sima Qian did, but completed an unprecedented voyage. In silence, he seemed to be telling us this. Although the eunuchs boasted that the former Sima Qian and the later Zheng He, I think there is also Cai Lun from the end of the first century to the beginning of the second century AD, which is also worthy of the eunuchs' boasting.Cai Lun is the inventor of paper. How many people and cultures have benefited from paper?And it was the product of the wisdom of an eunuch. Zheng He is cited here as an outstanding representative of extraordinary people.In fact, it is not just eunuchs, people with physical disabilities, and people who have encountered difficulties. If they were able to reverse their disadvantages and achieve great things in the past, they will certainly be able to do so in the future.I would like to applaud them!