Chapter 16 (Chapter 16) Huang Xing

For the sake of the revolution, Huang Xing worked non-stop every day, paid the most attention to practice, and dedicated his burly body to the motherland with the spirit of self-sacrifice.Whenever someone asks him to wave his pen, he often writes the word "no self".And he is an egoless person. [The birther of the Chinese League] In 1911, when the Qing Dynasty collapsed due to revolutionary forces, it happened to be the year of Xinhai on the Ganzhi, so the world called this revolution the Xinhai Revolution. The revolutionary forces at that time were composed of three groups: the Xingzhong Society led by Sun Wen, the Huaxing Society led by Huang Xing, and the Restoration Society led by Zhang Binglin.Most members of the Revival Society were born in Guangdong, also known as the Guangdong School; the Huaxing Society is also known as the Hunan School; the Restoration Society is also known as the Zhejiang School.The leaders Sun Wen, Huang Xing, and Zhang Binglin were called the Three Revolutionaries.

The revolutionary group is an underground organization with a strong destiny, and has a tradition of strictly keeping secrets. There are still many doubts about the three factions mentioned on the right. In 1905, the three factions merged, and the China Tongmenghui was born.At that time, the Xingzhong Society and the Huaxing Society seemed to have been disbanded, but the Restoration Society still existed. It is said that some members belonged to both the Restoration Society and the China Tongmenghui. The Xingzhong Society headed by Sun Wen was the first to engage in revolutionary movements.And because of the catastrophe in London in 1896, Sun Wen's name spread all over the world.Taking advantage of the opportunity of the merger, Sun Wen came to Japan from Europe in 1905.A week after more than 1,300 people gathered at the Fujimi Building in Iida Town to hold a welcome meeting for Sun Wen, the China League of Great Alliance held an alliance meeting.

After the birth of the new merged organization, Sun Wen and the Xingzhonghui of the Cantonese faction were still at the center.However, the great cause of the revolution cannot be carried out by one faction alone. It still needs to gather the strength of the three factions, and Sun Wen's leadership must be recognized.It seems simple on the surface, but the revolutionaries at that time were almost all people with special personalities, so it was quite difficult.Sun Wen was indeed a prominent figure in the revolutionary camp, and in order for him to become the leader of the new alliance, the second-ranked figure would need to make concessions.This person is Huang Xing, the leader of the Hunan faction.

Sun Wen and Huang Xing first met shortly before the merger.Sun Wen arrived in Yokohama on July 19, 1905, stayed for about five days, and then left for Tokyo.Miyazaki Taotian facilitated the meeting between Sun Wen and Huang Xing in late July at Fengyuan.The merger proposal was made at that time. On July 28, Sun Wen went to the revolutionary 20th Century Zhina Magazine, visited Song Jiaoren, Chen Tianhua and other revolutionaries, and stated: To save China from extinction, there must be a unified organization and unified leadership. This is nothing more than the meaning of being in charge by me.Calculated in terms of real age, Sun Wen was thirty-nine years old and Huang Xing was thirty-one years old at the time.Zhang Binglin, another member of the Three Revolutionaries, was two years younger than Sun Wen, and was still in prison in the Shanghai Concession at that time.

Each of the three revolutionaries is a unique character, and the revolutionaries they lead are also upright and passionate men.Integration is difficult. Despite repeated conflicts of opinion, they are still able to work together for the revolution. This is entirely due to Huang Xing's self-restraint.Without Huang Xing, the revolutionaries would not be able to cooperate effectively, and the road to revolution would undoubtedly be more difficult and dangerous. For this reason, I think Huang Xing is the most worthy of recognition. Huang Xing was born in Shanhua, Hunan Province (now part of Changsha City) in 1874. His real name was Zhen, but he changed his name to Xing after joining the revolutionary movement, and his courtesy name was Keqiang.He was the youngest among the two boys and three girls in the family, and his mother passed away when he was eight years old.The stepmother, Yi Ziru, was the supervisor of the Changsha Girls' School. She was considered an intellectual for women at the time, and Huang Xing and his brothers and sisters seemed to receive their basic education from her.

The Huang family is a big landlord in Hunan.His father was a scholar (a person who passed the first stage of the imperial examination), taught in a private school, and was a village head. From the photos, it can be seen that Huang Xing has a burly appearance and seems to be very keen on practicing boxing.The families of the local gentry all married early. He married Liao Danru at the age of eighteen, and was admitted as a scholar the following year.The elites of the Qing Dynasty had to accept the challenge of the provincial examination if they were admitted as a scholar.Huang Xing's father may have failed the provincial examination, so he became a local gentry and lived a peaceful life after seeing it.

In the second year of Huang Xing Xiucai's reign, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the Qing Dynasty suffered a defeat, which caused great turmoil in the era.When Kang Youwei and others launched the reform movement, Hunan was most strongly affected.Kang Youwei's most proud disciple, Liang Qichao, was hired as a teacher by the Changsha Current Affairs School, and Tan Sitong, a reformer, also became the editor-in-chief of the earliest newspaper in Hunan, "Xiang Xue Journal".It is impossible for the young Huang Xing not to be affected. He soon entered Lianghu Academy in Wuchang to study.It was founded by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, and is the highest university in Hunan and Hubei.After Huang Xing's death, his eldest daughter found his diary of this period. It is said that there are many poems, but almost no thought and creed.It may be because the reformists had been purged at that time, and Huang Xing was also very cautious, but he did have the side of a literary youth.He reads very seriously, and it is said that all the books he has finished reading will be given to his stepmother.

In 1902, he was sent to Japan as a student from Hubei.According to Liu Kuiyi, who wrote his biography, Huang Xing became a revolutionary and broadened his horizons after studying in Japan.He was one of the 30 talents selected by Zhang Zhidong. He arrived in Tokyo in May 1902 and entered the teacher training department of Kobun College established by the principal of Tokyo Normal University Jigoro Kano for the education of foreign students.In April of the same year, Lu Xun, as an international student sent by the Jiangnan Supervisory Office, also enrolled in the accelerated course of Hongwen College.

Soon after, Huang Xing joined foreign student magazines such as "Hubei Student Circle" and Hunan Translation and Enlightenment Publishing House.He is good at articles, and he personally translated the Japanese Educational Administration Law.This was at the same time as Lu Xun sent manuscripts to Zhejiang Chao, a magazine run by overseas students in Zhejiang.There is also Liang Qichao of the royalist party who founded the semi-monthly "Xinmin Congbao" in Yokohama, which was also in February of the year Huang Xing studied in Japan. 【Drink with Ren Xia's disciples】 Just like a Chinese proverb that says don't quarrel with Hunan people, there are many strange people in Hunan.This is the so-called land of passion.People with strong emotions don't care about conservativeness and innovation.There are passionate men like Zeng Guofan and Zuo Zongtang who support the system, and there are also many anti-systems such as Tan Sitong who was sentenced to death during the Reform Movement of 1898, Tang Caichang who launched an independent army rebellion and was killed shortly after the failure of the reform, and Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi in the future. excited character.

Before studying in Japan, Huang Xing did not have any particularly notable words or deeds.He only started to gain prominence when the anti-Russian movement was gaining momentum among foreign students in Tokyo. During the Boxer Rebellion, Russia sent troops to occupy Northeast China, but under the pressure of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902 A.D.), it had to sign a contract to return it to the Qing Dynasty.However, after some troops withdrew, Russia stopped the move to return the territory, and not only did not withdraw its troops, but also made seven new demands on the Qing Dynasty.That is to place the three eastern provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) under Russia's sphere of influence.It called for the exclusion of countries other than Russia from the Northeast, but this secret agreement was suddenly exposed by Japanese newspapers.

The torch of the anti-Russian movement was ignited throughout China. Shanghai, which has a concession, and Japan, which has many overseas students, can be said to be the two centers of the anti-Russian movement. On April 29, 1903 (the "Tokyo Asahi" published a special news about the seven secret treaties on the 28th), an anti-Russian meeting was held in Kanda Jinhuikan, with 500 foreign students participating. Immediately more than 130 volunteers joined the ranks of the Volunteer Army.They were divided into teams A, B, and C. Huang Xing's name (real name Huang Zhen) appeared in the third team of team B. At that time, there were only a dozen or so female international students, and they also volunteered to join the Red Cross and join the army.Since the Qing Dynasty had not yet joined the International Red Cross, the female international students planned to join the Japanese Red Cross, but it was not realized because of Shimoda Utako's opposition. At the request of the Kanda Police Department, this group of student troops was soon renamed the Army National Education Association.Later, they reflected on it, and thought that instead of shouting desperately abroad, it is better to return to China and join the revolutionary movement, so there was a movement of returning home to practice.Huang Xing left Tokyo in June 1903 and went to Shanghai to spearhead the movement. Huang Xing became a teacher at Mingde Academy in Changsha. On his way to his post, he passed by his alma mater Lianghu Academy in Wuchang, where he delivered a speech on democratic republic.At the same time, a large number of pamphlets "Revolutionary Army" written by Zou Rong were distributed. The overseas students from Hunan came back one after another because of the homecoming movement.They hide in mining companies to carry out revolutionary movements.The name of the company is Huaxing Company, and the secret revolutionary organization Huaxinghui was born at this time.Huang Xing was elected as the president.It felt like a soldier from Division B's third division had suddenly jumped to leadership, but after the Tokyo campaign, he should be the one everyone expected. He was twenty-eight years old when he studied in Japan and already had two sons.His burly appearance is indeed majestic, and his honest character is also respected by everyone.Not only people from Hunan such as Chen Tianhua, Song Jiaoren, Liu Kuiyi, but also non-Hunan people such as Zhang Ji (from Hebei) and Su Manshu (from Guangdong) were also attracted by Huang Xing. Revolutionary movements require sacrifice.Care should and is expected to be exercised in the selection of leaders.If an incompetent leader is elected, tragedy can ensue.The members of the Huaxing Club, in addition to their character, also considered their abilities, so they elected Huang Xing. On November 16, 1904 (October 10 in the lunar calendar, the Queen Mother's birthday), Hunan's civil and military bureaucrats gathered in the Imperial Palace in Changsha to celebrate her birthday.The revolutionary army planned to blow them up and occupy Changsha.Because it is hoped that the occupation of the provincial capital of a province can trigger a chain reaction in all provinces. The plan failed due to prior leaks. The number of students who joined the homecoming movement was limited, so support was needed in the event of an uprising.They looked forward to the echo of the students of the Armed Forces Academy (Non-commissioned Officer Academy) and soldiers of the old and new armies, but they also received the support of the chivalrous men in Hunan unexpectedly. It is impossible for the overseas students at the core of the revolution and the knights of the secret association Gelaohui to be in perfect harmony. In order to avoid any rift between the two parties, Huang Xing and Ma Fuyi, who is known as the leader of the Loyalty Church in Kuncangshan, met in the cave for a drink.Not only intellectuals like overseas students, but even the knight-errants also trust Huang Xing as the general leader. The Ren Xia group is called the Huidang, and the members in it are mixed.In order to detect the actions of the revolutionary forces, the conservatives sent spies to infiltrate, and the party was an organization that was easy to use.It was here that the plans for the uprising leaked out.However, those who came to urgently report that the incident had been vented were also members of the party.So Huang Xing and others were able to escape at a critical moment.Huang Xing lurks in a Christian church, waiting for an opportunity to escape.He is not a Christian, but he cares about Christianity very much, and went to church several times in Shanghai before returning to Hunan.The potential success may also be due to his kindness to the people in the church. Huang Xing, who escaped from Changsha, fled to Japan via Shanghai.Although they wanted to plan another uprising in Shanghai, the Qing government asked the French Concession authorities to arrest Huang Xing, so he had to leave Shanghai.The Huaxing Society's plan to raise troops in Changsha was discovered 27 days earlier than the scheduled execution date.Perhaps because it is detected early, the danger is less.Two members of the party were arrested and sentenced, but they both escaped safely. The leader of the Hui Party, Ma Fuyi, planned another armed uprising in February of the following year (AD 1905).Hearing this news, Huang Xing and Liu Kuiyi quietly returned to China from Japan, bought 43 rifles and ammunition in Hanyang, and planned to send them to Hongjiang, Hunan, where the uprising was scheduled.But before reaching Hongjiang, Ma Fuyi's uprising had failed, and he was arrested as the leader.Huang Xing had no choice but to disguise himself as a businessman and an official to Hankou, and fled to Japan again from Hankou. Huang Xing did not forget the oath of drinking and drinking in the Xiangtan cave.In order to meet the temporary armed uprising carried out by the party alone, he rushed to buy weapons, which was useless in terms of the whole revolutionary plan.But Huang Xing could not ignore Ma Fuyi's uprising.Huang Xing's chivalrous spirit may be an important factor for him to attract people!For the Yangtze River Uprising, Huang Xing sold the land equivalent to three hundred shi as military expenses.When he escaped from Changsha, it was said to be the day before his thirtieth birthday. 【The lair is broken】 Here, let's take a look at Huang Xing's rough chronology since studying abroad. In May 1902, he went to Japan to study in Hongwen College. In April 1903, he joined the student army at the Anti-Russian Congress. Joined the Military National Education Association in May. In response to the homecoming movement in June, he returned to Changsha via Wuchang, Shanghai, and became a teacher of Mingde Academy. In November (in other words, December), the preparatory meeting for the Huaxing Association was held. In March 1904, the founding meeting of Huaxing Association was held. News of the October Uprising leaked out.Flee to Shanghai. In December (in other words, January of the following year), he went to Japan in exile. In February 1905, he failed to rescue Ma Fuyi and fled to Japan again. He met Sun Wen for the first time in July. Inaugural meeting of the Chinese League in August. ◇ Over a period of more than three years, rapidly changing events continued to occur.In May 1902, when Huang Xing first set foot on the land of Japan, Huang Xing was just one of thirty government-subsidized overseas students in Hubei.Maybe it was just the oldest and the best physique.Later, within a year, I participated in practical work such as magazines and Enlightenment Publishing House.He gradually came to the fore through his generosity, honesty and chivalry.Even so, he was still a soldier under Captain Niu Yongjian in the student army formed during the Anti-Russian Congress.However, almost all the captains of the student army have studied in the military academy and are already companions of the trainee non-commissioned officers. The strategy of the return movement is not to revolt all over the country, but to focus on occupying the capital of a certain province, and then all regions will rise up to respond.This key point is Changsha, Hunan.If Huang Xing is the person in charge of the return uprising, then he can be regarded as the de facto leader of the Military and National Education Association. If we cooperate with Sun Wen and Xingzhonghui, who have been engaged in the revolutionary movement for a long time and are well-known internationally, of course Sun Wen will be the leader, and Huang Xing will go without saying. Xingzhonghui was founded by Sun Wen, and his opinion alone can decide everything, but Huang Xing is not like this.He must consult with his comrades.Both Song Jiaoren and Chen Tianhua were in favor of joining the group led by Sun Wen, while Liu Kui opposed it.As a result, Huaxing Club decided to continue to exist spiritually. After the dissolution of the whole group, whether members want to join the new organization is up to each person's free will. The prime minister of the new organization, the China League, was elected by Huang Xing, and Sun Wen took office.There are three ministries under the prime minister: the Ministry of General Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Appraisal, which are equivalent to the three powers of executive, judicial, and legislative.Huang Xing served as Minister of General Affairs.If the Prime Minister is the President, the Minister of Public Affairs is the Prime Minister.Moreover, the Council stipulates that when the Prime Minister is absent, the Minister of Public Affairs will perform his duties on his behalf.The Minister of Justice is 23-year-old Zhang Ji (from Hebei, graduated from Waseda University), and the Minister of Review is 21-year-old Wang Jingwei (Wang Zhaoming, from Guangdong, a student of Hosei University).This organization is like a young revolutionary government. After the establishment of the China Tongmenghui, Sun Wen went to Southeast Asia and established branches in Saigon and Singapore.Huang Xing entered Guilin from Hong Kong and established the Guangxi branch in the spring of 1906.Zhang Binglin, who was imprisoned for the Su Bao incident, was released in June 1906 after completing his three-year sentence.Since he would be arrested by the Qing authorities as soon as he leased out, he took a NYK ship to Japan after he was released from prison.On July 15, at the welcome meeting held for him at the Jinhui Pavilion in Kanda, it is said that there were more than 7,000 participants, and even the roof was packed with people.By the way, there were more than 10,000 Chinese students studying in Japan at that time. Zhang Binglin and Sun Wen met in 1902, and the two agreed that the Qing Dynasty could be defeated only by an armed uprising.When Huang Xing went to Japan, Zhang Binglin happened to return to China.In 1903, the Shanghai newspaper "Su Bao" published his article, which caused problems because the content insulted the Qing emperor and instigated murder. The Qing government strongly demanded his arrest. Let them be arrested together.The fact that the concession authorities did not agree to the Qing court's extradition request was not based on humanitarian considerations, but was said to be to emphasize extraterritoriality. Zhang Binglin is a well-known giant in textual research and is honored as a master of Chinese studies.The Guangfu Association, a revolutionary organization centered on Zhejiang people, was composed of Cai Yuanpei, Tao Chengzhang and others. It is said that the time was in 1904, when Zhang Binglin was already in prison. Prison is a badge of honor for revolutionaries.As a matter of course, Zhang Binglin received a grand welcome from overseas students in Japan.However, the actual leader of the Restoration Society has a strong personality. He came to Japan, the birthplace of the revolution, and caused a great vortex in the revolutionary movement.Huang Xing was sandwiched between Sun Wen and Zhang Binglin, working hard to mediate. Zhang Binglin insisted on expelling the Manchus, and he didn't care about civil rights and people's livelihood.For him, a master of Chinese studies, revolution means restoring ancient ways and agrarianism, so he is incompatible with Christian Sun Wenyi.Although Zhang Binglin mastered the revolutionary official magazine "Minbao", he completely focused on the style of the articles.Sun Wen hoped to publish more enlightening expositions that are easy to understand, but Zhang Binglin disagreed. The Qing government stubbornly forced the Japanese government to expel Sun Wen.The Japanese government had no choice but to tell Sun Wen the reason and ask him to retreat abroad.Due to guilt, the Japanese government gave him a huge farewell money.In addition to the Japanese government, Suzuki Kyugoro, an upstart in the stock market, also gave him farewell money. It is said that the total amount exceeded 17,000 yen. Regarding this matter, Huang Xing severely condemned Sun Wen.However, when Zhang Binglin wanted to expose Sun Wen's acceptance of Japanese bribes in "Minbao", Huang Xing tried his best to stop him. Zhang Binglin wrote the booklet "Sun Wen's Crime", which was distributed in Japan and Southeast Asia.The information in this pamphlet is absurd because it is a rumor spread by the Qing government.Huang Xing held a critical attitude towards Zhang Binglin's approach. The power of the revolutionary party has disappeared in Tokyo, and the members of the "Min Bao" office are gnawing at each other, and the group has dispersed.Sun Wen was also expelled from the country, and now the lair has been broken. The royalist Liang Qichao wrote a letter to his teacher Kang Youwei, and the letter recorded the declaration of victory as shown on the right. Sun Wen was not deported, but left Japan voluntarily.The time was March 1907, and Huang Xing was with him at that time. Huang Xing joined the party and failed in the joint uprising in Changsha, so he devoted himself to mobilizing the new army.An army with new training and equipment is more reliable than a chivalrous man.The generals of the new army are generally educated in the new style, so they are easy to communicate with.Using the pseudonym of Zhang Shouzheng, he sneaked back to China to instigate rebellion against the new army cadres from Hunan.Cai E, the general office (principal) of Guilin Suiying Academy (a school attached to the army), also met Huang Xing when he was studying at the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer Academy. In July 1907, Xu Xilin assassinated Anhui Governor Enming and was arrested and sentenced. The female revolutionary Qiu Jin failed in the uprising and was sentenced in Shaoxing.They are all members of the Restoration Society, and the uprising has nothing to do with the Tongmenghui.When Xu Xilin was arrested and interrogated, officials asked about his relationship with Sun Wen, and he replied with contempt: How can people like Sun Wen order me? Sun Wen and Huang Xing did not go well either.After Huang Xing's vigorous campaign, the commander of the new army who had promised to defect, saw that the revolutionary army's equipment was poor and weak, and stopped its activities.After the failure of the uprisings in Qinzhou and Lianzhou, in December of the same year, although the revolutionary army occupied Zhennan Pass on the Sino-Vietnamese border, almost no weapons and ammunition were expected to be stored.Sun Wen and Huang Xing, who fought bravely to revolt, were also disappointed.However, on the other hand, this also proves that the legend that there is no ammunition in the Qing army fortress is indeed true.As long as you have weapons, you can pass through Hunan and take Wuchang, the belly button of China. It is said that the revolutionaries are very sorry for this. Comrades in the rear base, that is, Japan, are keen on the anti-Sun Wen movement, not to mention the deployment of military expenditures.On the contrary, when "Min Bao" was short of funds, it sent a telegram to Sun Wen, asking him to send the money as soon as possible. In April 1908, the police mutinied and started an uprising in Hekou, Yunnan.Sun Wen in Singapore sent Hu Hanmin to take a look. The so-called rebel army turned out to be a mob.So he asked Sun Wen to send Huang Xing to come.Although Huang Xing has arrived, this is an army that can't do anything after all, so he plans to introduce 200 comrades who are currently fighting at Nanguan in Hanoi to inject new vitality.However, once he entered Vietnam, he was arrested by French officials.With the help of powerful overseas Chinese in Hanoi, he was finally released, and Hekou had to give up. Huang Xing not only had to instigate the new army and command the uprising, but also traveled with Sun Wen among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia to raise funds.The booklet "Sun Wen's Crime" by Zhang Binglin greatly hindered fundraising activities, and the article also said: Sun and Huang also insisted on regulating the southern service (conquering the south), regardless of the comrades in Tokyo. [Dedication to the motherland with a burly body] Huang Xing criticized Sun Wen for the farewell gold issue, but he still walked with him, recognized him as a guide, obeyed his orders, and haunted Qinzhou, Lianzhou, Zhennanguan, and Hekou under the gunfire of the battles. Zhang Binglin recorded the following anecdote in the 1907 column of his self-written chronicle. Huang Xing hopes that the symbol of the Tongmenghui can adopt the well-tac-toe flag, which is inspired by the system of well fields in ancient times.It is said that in the weekly system, the eight divisions in the well field are cultivated by eight families, and the center is the public field cultivated jointly.This idea is also very consistent with the idea of ​​equalizing land rights of the League.But Sun Wen hung the blue sky and white sun flag on the wall.Huang Xing exclaimed: Isn't this imitating Japan's use of the sun as a symbol?Take it down quickly!Sun Wen also changed his face and yelled back at him: I have already got tens of thousands of comrades in Nanyang (Southeast Asia) who are willing to entrust their lives to this flag.If you want to take down this flag, you have to kill me first!Huang Xing was very angry and said that he wanted to leave the League, so he walked out. It will be returned soon. Zhang Binglin wrote sarcastically. Huang Xing's anger must have been very intense.But after running out, he thought about the revolution.So, he restrained himself and returned with humiliation. When investigating the responsibility for the failure of the Guangdong Uprising, Zhang Binglin proposed to remove Prime Minister Sun Wen and push Huang Xing to be the next Prime Minister.Of course, Sun Wen and Huang Xing are not in Japan.As soon as Liu Kui opposed the proposal, he quarreled with Zhang Ji, who was in favor of it.Liu Kuiyi was afraid of deepening internal disputes, so he wrote to persuade Sun Wen to return to Tokyo and blame himself.Sun Wen refused to accept this advice because disputes within the party could be resolved based on facts.At that time, Huang Xing, who was in Hong Kong, wrote a letter to members of the League.The content is to say: Sun Wen has virtue. If you want the success of the revolution, don't misunderstand him, you should support him wholeheartedly. Zhang Binglin’s own chronicle in 1908 records that when he was cooperating with Song Jiaoren, he once said to Huang Xing: That guy is arrogant and looks down on me.He also seemed to have said that if Sun and Huang were not killed, nothing major would happen. That is gossip.Although Song Jiaoren is crazy, he doesn't hate you. Huang Xing persuaded in this way.In the end, the two still cooperated. They were all comrades of the Changsha Uprising, and they were from the same hometown, so there was such a gap between Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren.But Huang Xing has the tolerance to immediately bury that gap. In Tokyo, there is simply too much to do.Sun Wen traveled around the world again to raise revolutionary funds, and Huang Xing also went to Hong Kong for the Guangdong New Army uprising.When the Prime Minister went abroad, Huang Xing was entrusted with taking care of all revolutionary military affairs. The Guangdong New Army planned to revolt on New Year's Day in 1910, but the authorities sensed the unstable atmosphere and confiscated the new army's ammunition, so the rebel army had to disband. The leader of the revolutionary party drives people to death, but he himself lives in high-rise luxury houses. Liang Qichao criticized it in this way in Xinmin Congbao. In October 1910, Sun Wen summoned Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, Zhao Sheng and others in Pinang City, Malaysia, to give instructions for the next uprising.The new revolutionary policy was not to rely solely on the new army, but to revolt with 500 party members, using this momentum to attract the new army. After capturing Guangzhou, Huang Xing marched into Hunan, and Zhao Sheng marched into Jiangxi. On April 27, 1911, an armed uprising broke out.Because it happened on March 29th in the old calendar, it was called the March 29th Revolution in Guangzhou.The original plan was to attack Guangzhou in ten routes, but because of the small number of people, it had to be reduced to four routes.But Huang Xing was the only one who actually attacked.For the sake of secrecy, no horizontal contact was made, so the Fourth Route Army mistakenly thought that the date would be rescheduled. When the Second Route Army went to buy weapons, the city gate was closed, and Chen Jiongming of the Third Route Army did not take any action for some reason. Huang Xing, who led more than a hundred death-death team members, rushed into the governor's office, and unfortunately fought with the new army of revolutionary comrades.After four o'clock in the afternoon and until twelve o'clock in the afternoon, more than 80 people died (killed in battle and executed), but the result was still a failure.Huang Xing was injured and received treatment at the lesbian Xu Zonghan, and hugged Zhao Sheng who came from Hong Kong and wept bitterly.Huang Xing's injuries healed quickly, but Zhao Sheng was stimulated by this defeat, had a mental breakdown, and soon died of illness. Sun Wen, who learned of the failure from a Chicago newspaper, telegraphed to Hong Kong: What about the failure of the news, comrades?How to deal with the aftermath? Hu Hanmin reported that Huang Xing was out of danger. Things in the world can still be done. Sun Wen said so in the telegram, and set off to raise funds for the aftermath of the victims.The victims were later sacrificed at Huanghuagang, so this uprising was also called the Battle of Huanghuagang. Less than half a year after this uprising, the Wuchang Uprising succeeded and the Qing Dynasty perished. After the Wuchang Uprising, Huang Xing became the supreme military leader, responsible for the defense of Wuchang and Hankou.His title was Wartime Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Army.Song Jiaoren and others elected him as the head of the new government, but of course some people opposed it.Huang Xing gave up the position of leader to Li Yuanhong and went to Shanghai. The provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, and he became the chief of the army. The achievements of the revolution were seized by the cunning Yuan Shikai.Huang Xing had been planning to coordinate with Yuan Shikai to build a new republic until a certain period of time.Although he took the lead in the battle, at this time, Huang Xing deliberately made concessions as much as possible, full of the spirit of self-sacrifice. When the ally Song Jiaoren was assassinated by Yuan Shikai (1913 A.D.), Sun Wen advocated seeking Yuan, but Huang Xing insisted on resolving it through legal means.Huang Xing seems to have made more concessions than Sun Wen.Yuan Shikai respected him and appointed him to stay in Nanjing.Although he launched the second revolution in Nanjing, he and Li Liejun in Jiangxi and Bai Wenwei in Anhui all ended in failure.Sun Wen went to Taiwan, Huang Xing fled to Japan, and hid in the home of Inuyang Yi.Yuan Shikai offered a reward of 100,000 yuan for Huang Xing's head, but Sun Wen was not included in the list. In 1914, Sun Wen reorganized the Kuomintang into the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Japan.His purpose is to strengthen his leadership and prevent dissidents from mixing with the revolutionary forces.He hopes that under his command, the revolution can be completed in an orderly manner.At this point, Huang Xing finally realized that he could no longer make any concessions.Huang Xing did not join the Chinese Revolutionary Party.Because when you join the party, you have to take an oath, and the oath says: Attached to Mr. Sun, and then revolution. Huang Xing refused to do so.Sun Wen demanded absolute obedience from party members, intending to exclude dissidents and become a small elite secret group for action. Huang Xing held the opposite view. He believed that more comrades should be recruited to form a so-called revolutionary united front.The confrontation of lines is the decisive thing, and only this cannot be allowed. Sun Wen set up an assistant position under the prime minister, and wanted to welcome Huang Xing back, but Huang Xing refused.Sun Wen even said: Let me do it for two years, if it doesn't work, I will leave it to you later.Huang Xing still shook his head.Huang Xing said that revolution is different from starting a company. Huang Xing went to the United States to dispatch funds for the three revolutions.The three revolutions were initiated by Cai E, a descendant from his hometown. Yuan Shikai abolished the monarchy, and soon died of grief and anger. Huang Xing returned to Shanghai from the United States via Japan on June 22, 1916, which was the seventeenth day after Yuan Shikai's death.Four months after returning to China, Huang Xing passed away at the age of forty-two.In his later years, he and Sun Wen became close again.Huang Xing died on October 31. Sun Wen had visited him in the hospital the day before.Sun Wen has already started to reorganize the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and canceled the questionable pledge to follow Mr. Sun.Undoubtedly, Sun Wen hopes to cooperate with Huang Xing again. The cause of Huang Xing's death was obviously liver disease caused by excessive fatigue.For the sake of the revolution, he worked non-stop every day, paid the most attention to practice, and dedicated his burly body to the motherland with the spirit of self-sacrifice.Whenever someone asks him to wave his pen, he often writes the word "no self".And he is an egoless person.