Chapter 2 Translation sequence

In the 19th century AD, the hexagonal land bordered on the Mediterranean Sea in the south and the Atlantic Ocean in the west, with an area of ​​only more than 500,000 square kilometers, has nurtured many world-class literati and poets, and left a lot of treasures for human culture. Immortal masterpiece.To this day, no matter in the West or in the East, no matter in foreign countries or in China, anyone with a little literary literacy knows that Hugo, who is known as the father of literature, and Balzac, the master of critical realism literature, is dubbed the king of novels. Maupassant of Wang, Zola, the master of naturalistic creation, Flaubert, known as the model of modern French prose, Stendhal, whose works are full of vitality and eternal vigor, Daudet, who is a unique blender of imagination and reality, and less There is George Sand, a talented romantic literature, and Jules Verne, who is recognized as the father of science fiction in the world.In the French literary world in the nineteenth century, it can be said that there were a gathering of celebrities and literary giants, and it could be regarded as the leader of a generation of world literature.But people will never forget that among the bright stars, there is a dazzling star, that is Alexandre Dumas, who is the leader in popular historical novels. "Three Musketeers" is one of his best and most famous masterpieces.

"Three Musketeers" is based on the conflict between King Louis XIII of France and the powerful Prime Minister Cardinal Richelieu, who holds a powerful army and is in power. Very interesting story.The protagonist in the book, the young warrior D'Artagnan, with fifteen crowns left to him by his father, rides a long-haired and skinny horse, bids farewell to his parents, and goes to Paris, hoping to be captained by Treville, a fellow villager. Be a musketeer in the King's Musketeers.At the captain's house, he meets three musketeers, Athos, Porthos and Aramis, and through a popular duel among European knights, the four become confidants who share life and death.

At that time, King Louis XIII, Queen Anna ‧ Austria, and Prime Minister Richelieu divided the power into three parts, and there was a gap between them.The king secretly praised dArtagnan for defeating the prime minister's subordinates several times, but the prime minister held a grudge.Coincidentally, Queen Anna of Austria's former lover, the Duke of Buckingham, had never broken her love for her, so the Queen presented her with a diamond pendant as a token of her remembrance.The bishop then used the deed to frame him and repeatedly slandered the king, asking the king to send someone to organize a court ball and make the queen wear the diamond pendant given to her by the king to correct the truth.Seeing that the date of the ball was approaching, the queen was in a state of panic, but fortunately, her confidant maid Bonaciere offered her advice and asked d'Artagnan for help.D'Artagnan fell in love with Bonacieur at first sight, and he hated seeing him too late. Regardless of his personal safety, he agreed with all his heart. With the full support of his three friends, the four went to England separately.After a journey of twists and turns, only d'Artagnan arrived as scheduled, explained the whole story to Buckingham, and retrieved the diamond pendant in time, which relieved the queen's urgent need and shattered the cardinal's plot.

Cardinal Richelieu has long been interested in Anna Austria, but has never been favored by the queen.So he was burning with jealousy and hated the Duke of Buckingham, his love rival. He took advantage of the French-English war caused by the contradiction between the old and the new Christians, and tried to get rid of Buckingham to relieve his hatred.To achieve this goal, he enlisted a group of confidants, the most powerful of which was Belle Milady.This girl is naturally beautiful, as gorgeous as a peach or plum, but she is double-faced, ruthless, and poisonous like a snake.Moved by his beauty, d'Artagnan devised a clever scheme to sneak into the inner room and seduce her into losing herself.In the midst of sex, d'Artagnan accidentally found a lily flower on Milady's shoulder, which was a shameful trace of crime committed by European women at that time.The revelation of this secret, which had been hidden for several years, made her hate d'Artagnan deeply, and she set up traps several times, but all failed.

In the French-English confrontation with the siege of La Rochelle as the focus of the war, Richelieu and Buckingham were the coaches of the two countries.Richelieu secretly sent Milady to England as an undercover agent, taking the opportunity to assassinate Buckingham; Milady offered to kill d'Artagnan in exchange.As soon as she set foot on British soil, she was captured by Lord Winter who had been notified by d'Artagnan in advance, and she was placed under house arrest.In captivity, she tried her best to show off her coquettishness and sweet words, and seduced Lord Winter's confidant guard Felton, who volunteered to rescue Milady and stabbed Buckingham to death.On the way back to France, Milady accidentally enters the monastery, finds D'Artagnan's mistress Bonacier who is under the protection of the queen, and poisons her to death.The four friends d'Artagnan, Athos, Porthos, and Aramis traveled day and night and tracked hard. Together with Lord Winter and an executioner, they finally caught Milady who was trying to escape to Belgium by the River Lys.The six enemies fought together, revealing Milady's background: it turned out that she had already escaped into Buddhism, but she was unwilling to be lonely in her youth, so she tempted a little priest to live with her.The priest was imprisoned for violating the clean rules of the sect, and she was branded a lily by the brother of the executioner, the little priest.The priest escapes from prison and elopes with Milady. The executioner is imprisoned because of being implicated and takes the place of his brother.In a foreign land, Milady dislikes the poor and loves the rich, so she abandons the little priest and marries a local young Count Raphael, making the latter go bankrupt and abandon him.Earl Raphael hated him so much that he joined the army under the pseudonym Athos and joined the King's Musketeers to comfort the pain of falling out of love and being cheated.Milady escapes to England, cheats Lord Winter into marrying her brother's love, and has a son.But in order to monopolize the inheritance of her husband and brother, she murdered her second husband.She was guilty of many crimes and was angry with others, so she was killed on the banks of the Lis River to be executed immediately.So far, D'Artagnan, Athos, Porthos, Aramis, Lord Winter and the executioner have all revenged and fulfilled their long-cherished wishes.

Richelieu learned that D'Artagnan was the mastermind in the murder of his confidant Milady, so he ordered his confidant Rochefort to arrest him.D'Artagnan was neither humble nor overbearing, he confessed frankly and made clear the whole story.When Richelieu saw that he regarded death as home, he was unparalleled in righteousness and courage, and his youth was promising.Athos, Portos, and Aramis either return to their hometowns, or marry a widow, or convert to religion, and the whole book ends here. How to properly evaluate "The Three Musketeers", Dumas' masterpiece, is just like how to properly evaluate Dumas himself, it is difficult to be absolutely fair.For more than a hundred years, people in the world have criticized and praised this work differently.But just as Alexandre Dumas himself had a colorful and interesting life, his masterpiece is also colorful and interesting.This assessment is universally recognized.

Some people say that Alexandre Dumas' works are fictionalized history, while others say that they are historicalized novels.Some critics also said that Alexandre Dumas was just a colored cloth that turned historical facts into a background, and wanted to embroider his fantasies on it, so sometimes the light was leaked, and the traces of the historical background were reflected.In fact, no matter whether it is a fictionalized history or a historicalized novel, and no matter whether the interlining embroidered with fantasy leaks light or not, this is not to comment on the essence of this work, just like among literati, some specialize in romance novels, while others are familiar with it. Biographies, some are good at essays, Dumas is good at popular historical novels, and in the field of popular historical novels, whether it is past or present, whether in France or in the world, no matter in quantity or quality In terms of skills, he is undoubtedly a master who is second to none and no one can match him.This assessment is also universally recognized.

Some works are pushed to the society, but they are just passing clouds with written records, leaving no trace of aftertaste in people's minds. After a short time, they are thrown into the garbage of history or relegated to the cold palace of history.Dumas's "Three Musketeers", like his other world famous work "The Encounter of Monte Cristo", has been translated into many languages ​​by countries all over the world.For more than a century, despite the vicissitudes of life and the changing stars, the book has always been popular in the world, popular among the people, and has been popular for a long time. It has become a world literary masterpiece respected by the world.This shows that this work has successfully withstood the test of society, won the unanimous approval of readers all over the world including France, and withstood the test of history.This evaluation is universally recognized.Dumas lived in an eventful year when the French royalists and republicans fought fiercely. He was politically inclined to the bourgeoisie, advocated the republic, opposed Charles X, and opposed the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.Reflecting this tendency is his first romantic play, Henry III and His Court, which was a huge success more than a decade before The Three Musketeers came out.When the first public performance was held on February 11, 1828, both the republicans and the royalists were present, and the theater was full. Hugo and the Duke of Orleans also came to watch the performance. up the curtain.Therefore, Alexandre Dumas advocated the basic progressive political tendency of the republic, which had to be reflected in his later creations, and had to become the basic style of his popular historical novels, and of course it couldn't be a main line of thought running through "The Three Musketeers" .

As for artistic achievements, there is no doubt that Alexandre Dumas is an expert at weaving stories and a master of language art.Like "Monte Cristo", "Three Musketeers" fully demonstrates Dumas's imaginative thinking is extraordinary and free from vulgarity, constructs the storyline with originality, and portrays the characters with unique characteristics.He vividly sketched the personalities of the protagonist d'Artagnan and the other three partners with vivid brushstrokes, and they were vivid on the paper: d'Artagnan was a fledgling, suave, courageous and witty, chivalrous to his friends, persistent in his pursuit of love, and Enemies are jealous of evil; Athos is usually reticent, utterly outspoken, calm and calm in situations, and he is prudent and experienced in dealing with things. At critical moments, he is the soul and commander in chief; Money loves money; Aramis is resourceful, quick-witted, gentle and elegant, and personable. At critical moments, he is the chief adviser and think tank.What's more worth mentioning is that the author's outline of the character of the above-mentioned characters often puts them in various duel scenes, which makes their legends of knights and swordsmen more full in their medieval epics, because France and Europe at that time Amongst the gentlemen of our class, duels were commonplace.Dumas had thirteen duels in his life.As early as the age of four, the day after his father's funeral, Alexandre Dumas picked up two big guns and quietly climbed to the top of the building to compete with God.When his mother scolded him he replied: I'm going to heaven, I'm going to duel God, I'm going to kill God because God killed my father!

Alexandre Dumas's writings on Cardinal Richelieu and his confidant Milady are even more superb: the former is invincible, arrogant, arrogant to the king's superficial obedience and contempt in his heart, planning to besiege La Rochelle city with wit and scheming, and dealing with interpersonal relationships. The power and response of government affairs are vividly portrayed; the latter's appearance is beautiful, but the inner heart of the snake is even more penetrating.Five consecutive chapters of imprisoned scenes make Milady sometimes look like a gentle angel, sometimes like a ferocious devil, sometimes eloquent and talented, sometimes fierce, hiding murderous intentions, and finally seduce the jailer Puritan into obsession , and the inner world that finally got into it is amazingly described.

However, no matter how good a work is, it is impossible to be perfect. "Three Musketeers" is no exception.No matter what genre or style a literary work belongs to, whether it is a romantic novel or a popular historical novel, the author uses the materials he picked, mobilizes all-round thinking and inspiration, rides the wings of imagination, Weaving an ideal storyline, arranging typical characters one by one, using the most expressive language, trying to attract readers' interest and capture their hearts, in order to convey their thoughts and arouse social resonance.Regardless of Alexandre Dumas' own subjective conjectures, and no matter how he advertises that I don't recognize any system in literature, I don't belong to any genre, and I don't set up any banner. Entertainment and interest are the only principles, but his works have been published since the day they came out. , carrying a certain political influence independent of his will to the society, to the world, and to the hearts of readers, because any story construction, any plot weaving, any writing technique or the use of character shaping means, They are just a unified carrier attached to the whole work, comprehensively revealing a certain social contradiction, expounding a certain social phenomenon, and reflecting a certain social section.From this important angle to analyze the social value of "Three Musketeers", compared with Hugo's "Les Miserables" or Stendhal's "Red and Black", no matter in the typicality and profundity of the story, or in the portrayal of characters, The expressiveness and sensibility of the book are obviously dwarfed by the comparison, because although Alexandre Dumas wrote about the contradiction between Richelieu and the king, the conflict between the old and the new Christians, and the war between Britain and France, they are all just superficial and superficial, without profoundly revealing the essence of social conflicts. , did not analyze the core of class contradictions, did not disclose which class interests the various political forces represent, and did not restore the original appearance of history. Although the whole novel is based on a little bit of historical facts, it only reflects fragmented and even some historical facts that are contrary to the historical reality.This is the missing side of "Three Musketeers". Alexandre Dumas is one of the few prolific writers in the French and even world literary circles.During his nearly forty-year creative career from when he started writing with "Henry III and His Court" to when he returned to heaven at the age of sixty-eight, his works are astonishing. There are more than two hundred and fifty volumes of novels alone. In addition, there are countless dramas, animal literature, children's literature, essays, etc. The total works amount to more than 280 volumes, and finally wrote a "Cooking Encyclopedia".It is precisely because of his various works that many people suspect and criticize him.In history, few writers have received so much criticism and condemnation as Alexandre Dumas.Some said: Alexandre Dumas often bought the works of unknown writers, and then signed his name on them; some said: Alexandre Dumas only hired people who could completely imitate his handwriting as his secretary.Others said: How did Alexandre Dumas create it?It's very simple, he robs and steals, he doesn't need a pen, only a pair of scissors is enough.In short, in Alexandre Dumas' own words: If I collect all the stones thrown at me, it will be enough to build the greatest monument to a writer.His answer to various accusations and criticisms is this: In the vast field of literature, there can be no unprecedented thing in respect of human behavior.It is common for characters in works to be placed in similar situations, to act in the same way, to express themselves with the same words; what I acquire from others is not stealing, but conquering, merging.However, although Alexandre Dumas dismissed those harsh and even demeaning accusations and criticisms, they always brought him a stain that is still difficult to wash away.But history is fair.The excellent American biographer Guy Endow explored from many historical facts and from many angles, and restored the true appearance of this great writer who is often misunderstood: Most people don't know how to spend their lives. There is a man who lives with ten times the energy of ordinary people. This man is Alexandre Dumas, the author of "The Three Musketeers" and "The Encounter of Monte Cristo".It doesn't matter whether he is a braggart expert, a plagiarist, or a ghostwriter, but all this just proves that he is a great man with unparalleled energy.As for Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo, the father of literature, made the most pertinent and touching evaluation of him: he is as refreshing as a summer thunderstorm, and he is a likable person.He is Miyun, he is Thunder, he is Lightning, but he has never hurt anyone.Everyone knows that he is gentle and generous to others, like rain in a severe drought.This evaluation may clear up many misunderstandings about him, and may comfort his spirit in heaven. Chapters 1 to 30 of this book were translated by Mr. Luo Guolin, and chapters 31 to 67 were translated by Mr. Wang Xuewen. Wang Xuewen On May 8, 1994 at Dalian University of Foreign Languages