Chapter 48 8. Autumn Equinox

Natural Language and Chinese Structure Based on the above descriptions, I have summarized the basic elements of the concept of Chinese characters.Based on these basic factors, each Chinese vocabulary can be clearly defined and stored in the computer.When a certain character is input, the computer's consciousness center will obtain the represented concept after analyzing the basic factors of the program.The consciousness center can also reversely compose basic elements into concepts and convert them into language and characters to communicate with people. These basic factors are the basis of various subjective and objective phenomena. Through the understanding program of the consciousness center in the computer, those that intersect with the concept structure are respectively connected with the set concept, and the consciousness produces the cognition of this concept.With understanding and cognition, coupled with the standpoint of the computer as a subjective individual, with the preset goal as the judgment condition, the computer has wisdom.When necessary, the ability to act can still be given.

Below I briefly explain the specific steps and design principles. In conceptual data, fundamental factors have three characteristics: 1. Represents the most basic and complete concepts of objective and subjective phenomena: As far as concepts are concerned, basic does not mean pure. Due to the associative nature of forming concepts, subjectivity and objectivity are intertwined, and no concept can exist independently.Therefore, I assume the 256 classifications in the previous table as the most basic and complete concepts, and regard them as classification factors.In practical application, it is still necessary to use classification factors to define the intersection, so as to clearly define each concept.

2. Principles of grammar or word application: Grammar is rigid and has no flexibility. Despite the efforts of many philologists, it has not been possible to sort out a set of Chinese grammar with credibility.Thanks to this, we were able to find out a principle for the application of Chinese characters.Basically, we recognize the statement structure of subject and predicate, but when combining words with words, we adopt flexible initial state, final state, and continuous state to express the meaning as the principle. 3. There are conditions for combining with the sensory function mechanism (that is, the sense organ):

In order for the computer to achieve the purpose of cognition, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the computer. By using the data bus and the multiple selection function of the software program, when the conceptual data is transmitted to the bus, the appropriate input and output ports can be selected to make the sensing function mechanism to get the correct current pulse. The first two items have been explained in the previous article, and now we briefly analyze the combination of classification genes and sensory functions to obtain the following relationship.In fact, this kind of combination often involves knowledge, and knowledge is stored in the knowledge base. In addition to the preset knowledge, it can also be filled in the data structure through the learning process.

Concepts are self-contained units that can only represent static things.However, human beings are in the four-dimensional space, and the things they face are changing rapidly.Therefore, when humans recognize or express concepts, they must make them into dynamic forms. This dynamic form has been widely used as language as early as primitive times. If we take movies as an example, each frame can be regarded as an independent concept, and the projection is to transform the still images into dynamic images, so that people can understand the original meaning of the movie.So cinema is also a language, and it's flexible and interesting.Those who want to know the truth about language should do well to start with film analysis.

Although language developed early, human intelligence was immature at the early stage of development, and the grasp of laws was still in the groping stage.Therefore, the earlier the language, the lower its regularity.People who learn a second language are often troubled by the irregular grammar and word changes of the language, but the most annoying parts are often the most commonly used idiomatic grammar!From all the irregular idiomatic grammar, it can be seen what the original habitual behavior of human beings was.The strange thing is that there is no concept of irregularity in Chinese. The real value of Chinese culture lies in the conceptual structure of Chinese.In the past, due to insufficient knowledge of information, it was impossible to give full play to the absolute advantages of Chinese.Fortunately, the truth is clear without debating, and the Chinese are also members of the human family. The precious assets left over from the past have yet to be carried forward by the joint efforts of mankind in the future.

When I started to think about concept classification, it was like doing Chinese input research, completely groping in the dark.After sorting out some clues and getting preliminary results, I found that American scholars had considered this method more than 20 years ago.But after they only made some superficial analysis, they found that this way did not work.Since then, due to the advancement of computer technology, scholars and experts have started to analyze grammar and dictionaries, but still have not found a feasible direction. In recent years, conceptual analysis seems to be on the rise again, but according to the results of my research, in the long-term development of English, it relies on pronunciation to express concepts.Before the tape recorder was invented, the sound could not be recorded, it all depended on word of mouth from generation to generation.In addition, the sounds that humans can recognize are limited, and polysyllables must be used in order to be used effectively.As a result, an English vocabulary itself is a combination of a set of complex concepts, from which it is difficult to sort out the basic concepts.

Secondly, English has a regular and rigorous grammatical structure. Although it has its advantages, it has lost the traces of the evolution of language and characters.If we are to find out the truth about the human mind, we must understand the elements it employs, the basic concepts that make up the original written language.Now that the English language has been sorted out, the English used by modern people must be different from the one before the sorting out, so how to find those missing links? The concepts that humans first developed must be incomplete and crude. We want to know how people understand concepts. One of the ways is to find the reasons and process of the development of concepts, which must have well-preserved original conditions.For English, or even all pinyin systems, the chances are very slim.Based on the development and application of visual symbols, Chinese has moved towards graphic characters, and each graphic only represented a specific concept at the beginning.Later, although the scope of application was expanded and some new cognitions were injected, the original intention is still there, and various documents have been maintained to this day.

One of the things that is most conducive to the tracing of thinking elements in Chinese is its single-syllable concept.Because single-syllable characters are difficult to recognize, Chinese often combines single-syllable characters into words and idioms.These monophonic words happen to be the deposits of various concepts. As long as they can be sorted out and studied systematically and on a large scale, the process of human thinking will be clearly revealed. With the assistance of Shen Honglian, I collected nearly 200,000 phrases and spent a long time analyzing the meaning of each word and the relationship between the words that make up the word, and went through many revisions , to obtain the classification table in Chapter 7, as well as the concept gene and common sense structure, etc.

I have taken the trouble to explain this point, the main reason is to hope that Chinese people understand the profoundness of Chinese culture, and it is definitely not empty talk.In particular, I very much hope that scholars who are engaged in Chinese literature and linguistics today will not underestimate themselves.Fengshui takes turns, the key to wisdom is already in your grasp, and wisdom science depends on you to carry forward. I know myself very well. Innovation and breakthrough are my strengths, but I lack rigorous and thorough care.Wisdom science will be the ultimate contribution of human civilization to the evolution of the universe. Only when everyone abandons selfishness and prejudice, cooperates sincerely, and makes up for each other's strengths, can there be real results.As for the above classification, it is only a little immature personal experience during the enlightenment period.

The following takes the most frequently used and most complex typing as an example to explain how we can use the characteristics of Chinese to analyze the key meanings of its front and back words (the rest of the words are also sorted out one by one in the same process.) Due to the large number of compound words related to typing, we only transcribe the representative ones as follows: Type before, followed by verbs, nouns, status words, etc.: 1. After the verb, 打 refers to an action, or expresses the progress of a certain action or action. fight, fight, rob, hit, disturb, fight, hunt, clean, salvage, forge Grind, groom, bet, size up, snore, nap, etc. 2. After the noun, it generally refers to activities performed by hands (may have extended meaning): Playing ball, playing cards, playing more, playing drums, playing gongs, giving injections, hitting iron, hitting targets, punching, ticking Picking oil, water, wine, firewood, fishing, packing, knotting, umbrella, typing, etc. 3. Refers to action behavior, followed by final state words, result words or degree words: make up, make up, lay down, stop to break through, to break through, to interrupt, to shatter, to shatter, to knock down, to get through, to impress, to hit, etc. 4. Allusions, or those with other meanings due to customary usage: Dismiss, hit the tip, hit the clock, close, discount, plan, thunder, joke, beat hands, play charades, etc. It can be seen from the above that when it is played first, it is mostly defined by the words after it, and it is only used as a particle of occurrence, progress and completion. Typing is seldom used in the back, except for units, it is mostly an action of typing. 1. Those preceded by numbers are used as units: A dozen, half a dozen, two dozen, several dozen, etc. 2. The former is a verb, indicating the way of hitting, and the former is a noun, which refers to the action of using tools: Grabbing, tearing, slapping, torture, thrashing, thrashing, whipping, knocking, beating, etc. Whipping, clubbing, hammering, punching, hand beating, etc. 3. The front is an auxiliary verb, adjective, or adverb, which describes the situation of hitting: Able to fight, willing to fight, able to fight, love to fight, random beating, hard beating, hard beating, experienced beating, resistant to beating, etc. 4. Terminology: Singles, doubles, pinch hits, home runs, etc. We have repeatedly analyzed the combinations of various words and found that Chinese phrases have certain combinations. Except for some that have been used for a long time or are hard to be classified from allusions, most of them have a relationship between front and back.Generally speaking, for words of the same nature, the meaning of the first word is mostly the initial state, and the latter is the final state (that is, the former is the cause, and the latter is the effect).Adjectives and adverbs are mostly used before words, but once they are used after words, it must be a state of result.This discovery has established our belief that Chinese has the function of filming and painting. Therefore, we only use a single word concept as an element of animation, and then define it in terms of the relationship between front and back. This method can not only save the space of text definition, but more importantly, the application is extremely flexible. As long as the rhetorical module is added, the Chinese natural language is completed. For example, fleeing is the behavior of people or animals avoiding a specific object by walking or any means of transportation for some reason, driven by instinct or consciousness.A change in position or relationship as a result of escape. Judging from the above definition, the concept of fuben is incomplete and difficult to understand.At best we can only be sure that this is an action controlled by a subject. Then define it in detail, take escape as the predicate, use a subject or adverb as before, such as he escapes, fast escape, the meaning is very clear, no need to elaborate.It is followed by a noun, or as the object of escape, or to modify the noun with escape, which is the most common way of narration: Runaway: The subject usually refers to a person, but any member of the family is applicable. (Cats and dogs can run away, too, but less likely.) Truancy, truancy: According to the definition of the nouns that follow, the subject must be students. Deserters: The subject is soldiers. Tax evasion: the subject is a person, and it is a person who has income and is obliged to pay taxes. Prison escape: the subject is the prisoner, and the fugitive is the specific word. Escape: The subject is mostly human, but animals may also have disasters. Escape: The subject refers to a living and capable person. If it is followed by a verb or a state word, it means the result of escaping, such as: Escape, run away, hide away: after running away, I don't know where I'm going. Escape, escape, escape, escape, escape: all indicate that after escaping, the purpose of escaping has been achieved to varying degrees. If the above words are reversed, some are difficult to understand, and some produce different concepts, such as: Escape: Escape has the meaning of not letting others know, which means to escape first and then escape quietly. Nide escape: Nide is static, placed in front of escape, there is no way to explain it. Avoid, escape, and escape: Since the three characters of avoid, leave, and drop all have the meaning of result, it is difficult to understand when followed by the words of action. Run away, run away: both walk and run are full-motion, and are already covered by escape, so they are not applicable.However, walking and running also have the meaning of final state, so it can be used after escaping. Escape: Refers to those who escape first and then escape. Kai fled: start to escape.Open here is not a result word, but a time word. It can be seen from the above that when two words are combined, there are certain semantic rules for the front and back, otherwise the word will not express the meaning.This is a unique characteristic of Chinese, which is extremely flexible and profound in application. In my superficial analysis, there are two types of verbs: state words and action words, which are explained as follows: 1. State words: It is also divided into initial state, continuous state and final state, all of which indicate the state of an action within a certain period of time.Such words can be used as verbs, but they only express the state of a certain action and have nothing to do with the action.like: Those who have three states at the same time, such as opening, opening, sending, starting, etc. In words such as opening the door, opening the can, opening the door, and opening the mountain, how to open the method is not the main idea of ​​the concept, but only indicates the beginning of a situation.In the same way, opening, unfolding, spreading out, walking away, etc. also only indicate a state of termination.Kaida, Kaiyan, Kaispeak, Kairun, etc. represent the continuous state of action, and in this state, verbs are followed after Kai. Final state: full, stop, stop, live, die, thank, etc. These concepts cannot be used in the progressive form, and most of them are completed. Continuous state and final state: annihilation, elimination, reduction, etc. Although it is a final state, it can also be used as a continuation. 2. Action words: the so-called verbs, in addition to the grammatical characteristics, can be divided into two categories: action and behavior in terms of meaning.Action is the movement of natural force, the movement driven by the subject, and the result of the action is related to the final state it produces.Behavior has motivation and cause, environment and effect and other factors. Take action as an example: flow is the movement of natural forces, and the main body is liquid, which moves from top to bottom due to gravity.If it is extended as a state word, it means a continuous state or final state, which refers to the one formed naturally.In Chinese, the words next to the word water often have the connotation of natural phenomena, and those that are verbs often have the characteristics of states.This is because when the ancients created characters, they first had the shape of things, and then observed the nature of things and the conditions they produced, and then used things as classification standards and as radicals, so they all have special attributes. See the following prefixes for details. Category description. The same is true for subject-driven action words. All spontaneous actions are classified as the subject of the movement.This classification method has great advantages in the understanding and application of word meanings. For example, in the study of artificial intelligence in the West, because English does not have this function, word meanings are completely dependent on dictionaries, and there is no dependency between words.When it comes to answering questions like what flies, there are few easy solutions other than building a huge knowledge base in advance. (Know that questions like what flies are endless!) As far as Chinese is concerned, the attribute of flying is produced by the subject that can fly. The predecessors have handled it properly when creating characters. Except for one or two exceptions, all the characters next to the bird (the three characters after the Cangjie code are oblique sun fire people) ) are all flying animals, not to mention other airplanes, spaceships, and gliders.In other words, the classification of word meanings is already implied in the structure of words.If we regard the meaning of words as the wisdom gained from human experience, then we can boldly declare that Chinese is a language with wisdom, and it will be far easier to develop artificial intelligence based on Chinese than English.This is why I personally dare to speak out and pretend to understand wisdom. To put it bluntly, I just picked up a little favor from the former sages. Behavioral words are more regular, because human beings' understanding of behavior is mostly after the cultural level has developed to a certain stage, and there are already established rules to follow when creating characters.For example, in the behavior between people, the side is mostly used as the side; the behavior of movement and displacement is used as the side; the behavior of thinking is the side of the heart; the behavior of speech is the side of the word; Next to the characters of hand and foot, there are so many such things as female, silk, gold, wood, fire, etc., too numerous to enumerate. Therefore, I think the future of Chinese people depends entirely on Chinese experts, and the future of human thinking science also depends on the efforts of Chinese philologists.After all, Chinese characters are not instant food. After thousands of years, countless great human elites who don't care about utilitarianism, silent dedication, and selfishness have been mobilized to condense human wisdom into a small cube.This kind of information is the most precious treasure in the evolutionary history of the universe, and it is the supreme wisdom secret book! Chinese descendants!Thinking science must be the mainstream of the future world. In Baoshan, what else is there to ask for?If you don't work hard on your own to refine this piece of jade, but blindly Westernize and simplify it, and regard other people's leftovers as holy things, what is it if it is not ignorance? Personally, I have little knowledge and little talent, and I know nothing more than one thing, so this is all I can say.Whether the world can have good fortune is not something I can speculate. Shaokang Festival plum blossom poems say: There is an owner of the strange flowers in a courtyard, and there is no need to worry about the wind and rain all night.The people of Yu Zhiguo are so consoling.However, what China needs today is confidence, and what China needs in the future is arrogance.Culture belongs to all human beings, and it will be a blessing for mankind to learn from each other and learn from each other.A narrow view of region or race will inevitably lead to a desperate situation and will not be tolerated forever. Another extremely valuable concept in Chinese is the common sense classification of radicals.It is never possible for any one individual to have enough energy or time to realize the general principles of all things, but a continuous people can.Although it is possible, there must be a feasible way, and this way will be used from generation to generation and continue to develop. When designing the Cangjie input method, I found that most of the pictophonetic characters are classified by the radicals of the characters.According to this phenomenon, I just combine the character code fetching and word meaning into one.Therefore, the Cangjie character code is not only an index symbol, but also a classification of the shape and meaning of the character.At present, ordinary people may not be able to see its efficacy. Once entering the field of natural language, word meaning classification is the key to the success or failure of human cognition. In the following, I will use the Cangjie code as the order to briefly introduce the definition of the meaning of the word in the prefix, and then apply it in conjunction with the above-mentioned concepts to simplify and simplify it. You should know that my emphasis on the wisdom of Chinese characters is by no means empty words. (The radicals are up, down, left, and right, which have special classification meanings, please refer to them for details.) Sun: Various phenomena related to light. Door: A word related to a door, representing a combined body. Month: It is the character for meat, physiological tissue.Or for the moon, various phenomena related to light. Bone: Physiological tissue. Bei: Property and actions related to property. Zhi: Beasts. Eye: eye movement and visual perception. Gold: Metals and their properties, etc. Wood: Trees, wooden objects and properties related to wood, etc. Wei: Leather utensils and the properties they represent. Water: natural scenery, phenomena, states, actions and man-made objects related to water. Fire: Phenomena, things, states and cooking behaviors related to fire. Rice: things related to food. Soil: Topography, features, words related to soil and land. Go: A word related to walking. Bamboo: all kinds of bamboo, parts and products of bamboo. White: An adjective that is bright and white. Wo: Farming, crops, etc. Body: Body and body movements, etc. Ghost: nouns and adjectives such as ghosts. 彳: Various behaviors and events between people. 辵: Words related to human actions and behaviors. Cattle: A word related to animal husbandry and life. Tongue: The movement of the tongue. Nose: related to the nose. Wind: Those related to wind. Boat: Behaviors and utensils related to navigation. ㄬ: Houses and indoor utensils, etc., or an adjective for table space. Demonstration: Rituals and sacrificial acts and utensils, etc. 宀: Words related to home life. Acupoint: A word with a cave-like characteristic. Car: A word related to vehicles and transportation. Wheat: food, crops, etc. 疒: Physiological and disease related words. Canine: A word related to canine beasts. Yi: A word related to clothing. Towel: clothing, towel-like objects and accessories, etc. Insects: Insects, reptiles, etc. Piece: something in the form of a sheet. Rain: natural scenes and phenomena related to water vapor. Wang: Jade material items, etc. Evil: Phenomena and behaviors related to death and destruction. Hog: Those related to livestock. Stone: Minerals, stone products and their properties, etc. You: Fermented food and related phenomena, etc. Bow: weapons and related properties, etc. Horn: horn parts, horn products and their functions, etc. Sub: Interpersonal appellation and relationship, etc. Fish: fish and related words. Spear: weapon tools, etc. Fu: Words related to space, environment, and human behavior. Yi: a word for space, region and environment. People: the roles, relationships, behaviors, phenomena, etc. of people. Food: Those related to food and food. Gas: various gases. Heart: psychological feelings, phenomena, conditions, etc.The state of the heart finger on the left, and the feeling of the heart finger on the lower part. Hand: the movement of the hand, the movement and behavior of the human body. Lei: Farm tools, farming, etc. Mouth: parts of the mouth, mouth movements, vocalizations, etc. Foot: foot name, action, behavior, phenomenon, etc. Horse: Part of speech related to horses. Hair: body hair and its properties. Ear: Those related to the ear and hearing. 卄: Grasses, vegetables and other plants. Leather: leather products, etc. Sheep: Words related to sheep. Mountain: Adjectives, nouns, etc. related to mountains. Female: Nouns, adjectives, etc. related to women. Shito: A word related to textiles or a tangled state word. Tian: A word related to land. Black: A word related to darkness and blackness. 口: Words related to the scope of space. Words: Words related to language. The above is only a brief overview. According to the character code, only one bit (on or off) is needed to achieve the purpose of classification. In the world, only Chinese and Cangjie codes can do it.If we don't use it and carry it forward, wouldn't we be ashamed of our ancestors? The West is a divisive culture, with assumptions, analysis, and verification as the guiding principles of thinking.Things in the world are more and more subdivided, and the details may not be clear, but as a result of the subdivision, there are more and more factional concepts, but the similarities between them are getting less and less.This point can be proved by knowledge classification, political system, and race distinction. Chinese culture is a comprehensive culture, with assumption, induction, and application as the standard of thinking.The Chinese only seek unity in appearance, vague cognition, and uncertain symbols.Throughout the ages, scholars only seek to read without seeking a deep understanding, complacent but forget to speak, and use similarities to unify differences.Therefore, he respected Confucianism intellectually, was loyal to the emperor politically, and assimilated racially. This distinction is just a cognitive problem of concepts!Today's people have learned Western concepts, but they don't understand half of them, so they completely deny themselves.Talking about consciousness is too troublesome, why not give an example and see how Western elites analyze Chinese?And what result?If you still can't pick up your cultural self-esteem in this way, you might as well wait until the West begins to Sinicize, and it won't be too late to turn back. After more than 20 years of groping and error experience by Western scholars, researchers of natural language have changed from using keywords or pure grammar comparison methods at first to using conceptual analysis methods. Among them, the theory proposed by Roger Schank of the Yale School , is one of the current mainstream. His goal is to design a program that can listen to stories, that is to say, the common sense and vocabulary it needs to know are all limited to a certain range (no one in the West has dared to try to make a general-purpose natural language system). His idea is to analyze and summarize all action words into several basic concepts.Other classes are divided into actors, objects, and so on.After the input sentence is analyzed by the program, it is transformed into the basic concept. There are 11 categories of basic concepts (it has now been expanded, but I have summarized a thousand in the Chinese structure, including the concept categories listed in the previous chapter), such as ATrans refers to the transfer of ownership (giving, taking, buying, etc.), PTrans refers to the displacement of objects (walking, riding, releasing, etc.), MTrans refers to the transmission of information (speaking, writing, listening, etc.), MBuild refers to information processing (such as thinking, thinking, etc.), INgest refers to eating behavior (eating, drinking, etc.) drink, etc.), the following and give an example to illustrate: Input: He sold me a book. Internal structure: Action: ATrans Actor: him Object: Book Action: ATrans to: me actor: me From: Others: Money to: him from me output: 1. Analysis: I gave him money, he gave me a book, I bought one of his books, and I paid him for the book. 2. Reasoning: I have a book, he has money, I want his book, he no longer needs it, I'll read that book, he needs money. Assuming that there are eleven thousand commonly used English words and only eleven categories, this means that there are one thousand words in each category that have the same concept and cannot be distinguished.Even if it has been expanded to a hundred categories, as long as the definition of each word is not different from other words, computers will not be able to truly understand and use natural language. Looking at the output again, there is analysis and reasoning, which seems to be very clear, but because the meaning of the words is not clearly defined, no real understanding can be achieved.In fact, Western scholars themselves admit that artificial intelligence is still in the stage of learning and understanding, and there is no feasible theory yet. (Schank's theory is limited to space and subject here, so I will only give a brief explanation. The semantic understanding part of the artificial intelligence books in the market will definitely introduce his method. If readers are interested, please read it by yourself.) If we analyze it with Chinese concepts, he is a human being (beside the character + definition), and selling is a kind of commercial behavior (beside the word Bei + definition, one of the commercial behaviors is the transaction of money and things), for me it is Refers to the recipient, one is quantity, which is originally a quantifier describing information content, and the object is a book. Output: He received the money, I received the book, and a transaction was completed. (The entire information contains seven characters, a total of 28 characters, and the process only uses a program of several hundred characters). From this, it can be proved that although their analysis is no longer completely based on grammar, it also has no direct relationship with concepts.This approach is limited by the ability of the designer, and every word must painstakingly rebuild its structure.The Chinese concept has long been established in the phonetic structure of the text, at best, it can be sorted out with a little effort. In this era, no matter in the economy, military, or culture, and regardless of whether the target is a country, society, or individual, the use of knowledge has decisive power.However, it is still human beings who use knowledge, and human beings are limited by time and space, so human society can still maintain a certain degree of balance. However, the efforts and dreams of human beings in pursuit of automation have not stopped for a moment in ancient and modern China and abroad.Once the information processing can successfully automate the application of knowledge, the human social structure will inevitably cause unprecedented changes. This kind of knowledge automation is one of the purposes of artificial intelligence. Because man is intelligent, he can use knowledge and, through the power of knowledge, achieve his purpose.If machines can also use knowledge automatically, we must admit that such machines are also intelligent.It's just that this kind of intelligence was initially designed by humans, so it is generally called artificial intelligence. With the machine of artificial intelligence, based on the powerful memory of the machine, it will always work endlessly, handle affairs accurately and quickly, with low cost and high efficiency, and rarely make mistakes.The most frightening thing is that it has no humanity, but faithfully executes the assigned tasks.If it is under the command and control of one or a group of people, it is likely that the international balance of power will disappear, causing irreparable damage to human society. For this reason, all advanced industrial countries regard artificial intelligence as the most important research project, and go all out for fear of falling behind others. Fortunately, the advanced foundation of European and American industrial countries is based on material science and technology, but intelligence has nothing to do with material, it is a field of idealism and experience.Although they have invested a lot of money and manpower over the years, there has not been any substantial breakthrough so far. This is an era of competition for the survival or elimination of nations and cultures. Today, in terms of material conditions, we are weak and fall behind everywhere.However, China has also been strong and powerful. Such a statement is not self-indulgent, but based on the characteristics of Chinese culture and thousands of years of accumulated experience.These are the things that artificial intelligence lacks, and Western science cannot produce in laboratories or factories. Therefore, in the industrial age, we are indeed behind others, but the information age has brought us a ray of hope.If we are good at using and pooling our efforts, we can design the experience and wisdom of the sages into artificial intelligence products.But in the coming new era, who would dare to insult the descendants of Yan and Huang? I have decided not to get involved in artificial intelligence, but knowledge is not anyone's patent, and I can see that it is possible for others to do it.When the time is right, artificial intelligence will inevitably flood.Now that we have talked a lot, why not explain it a little bit so that readers can understand it better. Artificial intelligence cannot be separated from information, because human intelligence comes from information.Information refers to static data, and information refers to dynamic information.Information is the stimuli that people can perceive through the senses, stored and applied in the form of data and information, so as to represent concepts that people can understand and apply. In Chapter 6, I talked about the relationship between sensory signals and concepts. Here I go a step further and outline its application in artificial intelligence.There are five human senses, sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.Buddhists believe that the mind should be added to become the six senses, meaning the six understandings of stimuli. Consciousness, which we call internal stimuli, is formed by the intersection of human experience and is the center of personal behavior and judgment.There are five types of external stimuli, among which visual perception is light and shadow, and people can use images and symbols to recognize and express; hearing is to receive sound waves, and people use vocal cords to simulate the tone; taste, smell, and touch can only be received by humans. Apart from experience and cognition, it cannot be directly communicated with others, so it is purely subjective. Taste, smell, touch are directly connected with reflex nerves, which tend to be instinctive. When such stimuli are generated, the reflex center immediately makes the most beneficial response for the individual according to the degree of interest.Hearing and vision receive stimuli such as sound and light from distant objects and events. Initially, these stimuli are also instinctive to judge whether they are good or bad for the body, but this judgment can accumulate into experience.When some experience is objectively confirmed and recognized by people in the same society, it is called common sense.In the theory of intelligence, common sense is the standard by which people judge choices. Graphics and symbols can be designed as static data, while tones are dynamic messages, both of which have the function of receiving and expressing.Through the cross-linking of information, people's subjective experience can be transformed into each other and communicated to others.For those who have no such experience, information becomes the most effective tool by which they can quickly build up their knowledge base and professional knowledge base. This is learning. Of course, in the process of learning, due to subjective and objective conditions, cognitive effects are also different. For example, taste, smell, and consciousness are purely subjective experiences, which have no real meaning except in a certain range and degree.Communication is possible only when both parties have equivalent experience and can clearly grasp the elements of information.As for professional knowledge, it is closer to objective, and all fellow travelers must experience similar experiences, so the learning efficiency is the highest. Even written language faces the same problem. In the process of learning language and written language, it needs to be connected with the subjective experience that has formed common sense. (Before the age of two or three, learning is a kind of instinct, relying on memory to connect sounds with things, and gradually form common sense.) This process must use the effects of the senses and repeatedly confirm it with objective events. This is thinking and judgment.The cognition connected by language and words is the concept, so everyone's cognition of concepts is inseparable from the breadth and narrowness of experience, the sensitivity of the senses, the way of thinking and judgment, and the ability to accept language and words. There is no uniform definition of artificial intelligence in the West. Here, I only define intelligence first from the standpoint of a designer, and then gradually explain the feasibility of artificial intelligence. The so-called intelligence refers to the ability of a spontaneous organization to achieve its preset goals. According to this definition, intelligence has four elements: 1. Its carrier is an institutional body with integral properties and functions. Two, this mechanism body is automatic, and non-external force is manipulated. 3. Have preset goals. 4. Be able to make appropriate adjustments in changing time and space, so as to achieve the goal. It should be noted that there should be only one so-called preset goal. If there are multiple goals, they must be prioritized, or set long-term and short-term goals according to time, and implement them gradually without contradicting themselves.Therefore, at a certain time, under a certain priority order, there is still only one preset goal. A car is an institution whose presupposed goal is to replace human beings, but a car is not autonomous and therefore has no intelligence.All kinds of tools and utensils designed by humans have so far been operated and controlled by humans, and require the use of human intelligence to achieve the desired goal, so they are not intelligent. If we design a vehicle, the driving service is the only preset goal.It can drive itself and accept human commands.When accepting human orders, it is equivalent to setting short-range goals.At this time, it should be able to judge whether this short-term goal contradicts the preset goal?If yes, it will refuse to execute.Otherwise, no matter under what circumstances, it can deliver people to their destination, and a car with this function can be called an intelligent mechanism. In the same way, if we can design a computer to automatically collect and process data for humans; if we can talk to people, understand people's ideas, and help people solve problems, this is an intelligent computer.再若將具有感覺器、行動能力的機械人，與智能電腦結合起來，則此機械人即達成人工智能的要求。 為了要保証安全有用，機器與人之間的溝通，必須藉助概念，人得以對此智能體加以控制。故人類所設計的智能機器，必須能聽及說人類慣用的語言，才能達到上述目的。在這種特定的條件下，電腦對語言、概念的理解、運用，才是設計人工智能的成敗關鍵。 所謂設計是先有了一種觀念，利用已知的技術和器材，組成符合構想之事物。電腦專家如果沒有智能的觀念，不知道所面對的是什麼，則無從動手。 當今的語言學只研究到語言的演進、結構及應用，至於人體機能與語言之間的介面關係，則尚未能瞭解。人會模仿學習，也會教導別人，卻不知道為什麼會有這種能力，當然更不知道如何教導機器去學習及應用語言了。 至於觀念，更是思考的基礎，從古至今，哲學家們爭論不休，也未曾有過具體的定論。那麼，人如何設計一種連自己都不瞭解的事物呢？ 很明顯地，我們必須瞭解語言與思考之間的體用因果，使電腦也和人一般，能夠思考，能夠運用語言。這樣它就可以與人溝通，瞭解人的觀念，進而為人類服務。再換個角度來看，語言（符號）相當於對外在刺激的一種感應，而觀念則是經驗的積和，一旦這種電腦設計成功，電腦就可以應用其感應資料，增進其觀念。更進一步，全世界的電腦可以藉網路的連繫，互通訊息，而且以高速處理，永不中止。 今天，正當有先見的環境保護人士，正努力挽救瀕臨絕種的其他生物時，我們可以想見，未來的人類亦將面臨需要被保護的一天。進化淘汰絕對是反人道的，今天的人類還不憬悟身處的環境，到了大錯鑄成時，後悔已是無及了。 假如我們能把人性設計到電腦中，讓電腦繼承人類的感知，無止無盡地薪火相傳。當然，這已不僅是技術上可不可能的問題，其中還牽涉到法律、道德以及個人的良知、責任等種種超出我們所能解答的問題。 知識早已不是人類掌握在手中的工具了，它的生命力遍佈於每一個人的思想中。一道好奇的目光，一個偶發的疑問，在在都是它的影子。不論重不重要，也不論成功失敗，只要有人的心中怦然一動，知識就增加了一分力量。 當人類走出叢林，遠離了那些還在披毛茹血的族親時，人就與知識歃血為盟，攜手創造了一個嶄新的時代。不幸人無法將其生命無限延伸，知識卻得以藉著人類，一代一代的傳衍、更新。現在，知識壯大了，壯大到任何個人都無法窺識其全貌，更遑論控制應用。這時，人與知識之間的相互利用價值，端視彼此的需求程度而定。 我們能夠忽視這個事實嗎？拋開了知識，有誰還能聲稱人為萬物之靈？在今天，國家會衰亡，人種會滅絕，可是知識卻永遠存在。世界上的每一個角落，社會上的每一樁事件，無不深深地受著知識的支配。人類孜孜不倦所追求的，朝朝暮暮所憧憬的，又有哪一件能脫離知識的影響？ 我認為該是人類自我檢討的時候了，趁著知識機器即將問世、我們的盟友快要振翅起飛，而我們這些知識動物還在盲目的推波助瀾之際。如果能夠把握契機，將人類特具的感受以及長年累月體驗到的價值觀，都一股腦兒交付給它。至少，讓它也有感同身受的人性和推己及人的認知，或許人類還能安享餘年。 Is there such a possibility?沒有人懷疑知識機器的能耐，但誰都不相信那種無血無肉的機器，會有像人類一樣的情感。 這是因為科學太重視實驗所得的客觀知識，忽略了人的主觀感受，所以科學家們一直不瞭解人性到底是什麼。在他們望洋興嘆之時，是不是應該調整一下實驗的手段，利用理性的思維，來剖析一下人性呢？ 據我的瞭解，人性在理性的剖析下，並沒有什麼神秘難測的現象。我們只要掌握住一些基本觀念，逐步地探討，就可以透視全貌。一旦能夠理解，自然能按圖索驥，用已知的各種觀念和技術，將之設計成為附加在知識機器上的感性功能。 人類應用語言的原因，是由於人自我的主觀感受，和外在的客觀真實之間有所異同。為了要與其他個體溝通，高等動物發展出了以聲音表達情緒的機能。人類更進一步，利用聲音的各種變化發展出語言，以代表其主觀的感受。 如果把主觀的感受分析成為單純的因素，而且這些單純因素的組合，能代表人類所有的觀念，我們就能分析語言，瞭解人類思考的過程。在這種情況下，這些單純的因素也就是人類思考的基因，甚至可以視為知識的基本元素。 原則上說來，人類的感覺器官接受到外界的各種刺激，在本能上基於利害關係而有了感受、產生反應。若是僅表達感受的反應，謂之情緒，再因為反應的後果，由觀察刺激得到認知。因認知而有了判斷，這個過程謂之經驗，經驗的貯存，則為記憶。由於人類的記憶系統建築在神經的生化結構上，其效能不高，故對記憶的存貯、取用，很難加以控制，有時對一事件的原委記憶並不明確，我們稱之為印象。 大腦中的記憶體以神經原連接成網路，神經原會產生生化電流脈衝，在網路中流動。相同的感受因素佔有共同的記憶區域，但卻與不同的事件相通連。當某一事件所產生的電流脈衝，因共同的感受因素而引發其他事件的記憶，我們稱此現象為聯想。對於某一因素或事件產生的聯想，因為電路的導通，遂有全盤的認知，即為人對該一因素或事件的觀念。 當人對事物有了觀念以後，基於其本身的利害關係，電流流經記憶區時，在極為明顯的利害感受下，身體機構會產生各種內分泌腺素，使神經原處於興奮狀態，而使電流加強。更由於強烈電流的不斷導通，神經末梢的離子量增加，電阻係數降低。而任何刺激所產生的電流脈衝，就像水往下流的情況一樣，必然有通過電阻係數較低之路線的趨勢。久而久之，經常導通之路線便能四通八達，成為全部經驗記憶的樞紐。在此樞紐形成後，每當刺激產生時，此區便立刻與意識中樞導通，形成意識。 抽象的意識以及具象的身體，總稱之為我，也就是當一個個體感覺到神經傳送的刺激，且與過去的經驗認知相結合時，所得到的整體意識的知覺。換句話說，一個人如果喪失了過去的經驗認知，則我將毫無意義，只是一尊軀體。再若在某一段時間內，沒有任何內在、外界的刺激感受，也相當於我不存在。 我對客觀認知的觀念，是基於過去的經驗，而經驗不是獨立的單一事件，有時間的過程，有各種感覺器官綜合的感受，有利、害以及需求的交集。因此每一個自我對客觀認知後所產生的主觀觀念，或多或少都有差別。但人又不能脫離群體，必須與在同一環境下的人，具備相同或類似的認知，由此而有了學習及觀察的動機。 學習觀察是將個人的觀念與客觀環境相印証，並據以修正、充實個人觀念。在這個印証過程中，必須將自己的主觀觀念，以感官所能接受的刺激形式，表達給另一個主觀體認知。由於觀念籠統地涵蓋了所有相關的經驗，而刺激受到時空的限制，不可能明確地表達清楚。因此必須將觀念的若干基本因素，分解成為具有獨特性、組合性、表達性的單元，才能較完整有效的傳達給另一個主觀體，這種單元就是概念。 在人腦中，這種概念是以一組聯通電路的形式存在，聯通於所認知的各種觀念之間。每當人因為某種因素，產生了一種複雜的觀念時，這些觀念之間，通過有關的交集，就有電位電勢的產生。這時大腦中樞依循電勢，將電路聯通，此一聯通之電路必有一代表的概念相連。以此概念驅動控制中樞，就可以得到意識的效應。 人類發展出概念之初，只是基於實用，並沒有一定的法則。隨著認知範圍逐漸的擴大，概念所涵蓋的內容越來越廣、界定的因子越來越精細。到現在人所應用的概念一再因應調整，變成了錯綜複雜的集合。這個結果又導致了我們對概念本身定義的困難，甚至連概念所代表的是什麼，都無從瞭解。 如果我們能做到利用現有的知識，反推出概念的基本因子，便能夠用符號代表這些基因，並設計成為代碼，貯存在電腦中。如此，電腦便可以像人一般地運用概念。 人運用概念聯接導通大腦中各種觀念網路的過程為思考，經過思考以後，認知的利害因果刺激了內分泌腺素，流入血液，經過心臟，是為感受。有感受便會產生反應，是謂情緒，情緒直接影響到我的意識，是自我經驗的一部分。這部分再與抽象的我混合在一起，經常產生影響情緒的感應，是為感情。 人因為生命本能的驅使，借助感覺器官對各種變化的認知，而達到趨利避害的目標，此有其行為的必然性。可是又因對主觀及客觀觀念的觀察及認知，瞭解到自我的利害常與環境息息相關，必須對自我的利害作若干妥協，以謀求更大的利益。前者以自我直接的感受為前提，人的行為端視個人當時的利害判斷而定，此即感性。後者係經過對客觀環境的認知，需克制自我，是一種有秩序的反省，故稱為理性。 上述的全部觀念就是人性，因此，只要模擬人類所具有的感覺器官以及人類已經認知的概念基因，將之設計在一個機器上，使之與人類同樣或近似地運作。此機器即可具有人性以及人的感覺、知覺，而能感人之感、與人類溝通，達到我們預期的目標。 根據上面的分析，我們可以總結出三個步驟，將一種兼具感性及理性的擬人電腦描繪出來。第一步是刺激的認知，第二步是概念思考，最後是知識應用。茲以現有的器材及技術，分成下列五項說明： 一、硬體結構：控制中樞，分別作反射、判斷、運動、記憶及感應中樞等。其中反射中樞獨立，餘者以判斷中樞為主宰。 記憶體：可供暫時儲存的淺層記憶及永久記憶的裝置等。 感應器：接收視、聽、觸、味及嗅覺之刺激，供感應中樞分辨。 週邊設備：供動作、行為、發聲、顯示、電力供應及其他介面。 二、輸入訊號：各種感應的訊號即相當於人所感受的各種刺激，需先加以分析整理，使與所設計的認知資料相符合。 三、內貯資料：將輸入的感應訊號，利用二進位的特徵，使每一位元直接連通到相關的介面上，即可具有神經通道的效能。同時此類相當於刺激的訊號，可以組成各種認知的資料形式，亦即概念，以便加以應用。 四、系統程式：由刺激的產生到行為的完成，以及回饋的觀察等，可當做系統程式。此外，判斷、學習、資料管理、知識庫等亦皆需以程式處理。 五、介面處理：在人的認知中，各種刺激經常同時存在且互為因果，所以各中樞之間的介面，必須配合人體之結構，做聯線處理。