Chapter 47 1. Keynes with a difficult history

Obviously, when Keynes participated in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, he had already realized the great potential harm that inflation would cause to people and society. , profoundly and sharply pointed out the essence of inflation, and the hyperinflation in Germany in 1923 has fully verified the huge lethality of inflation. This is just like Greenspan who published "Gold and Economic Freedom" at the age of 40. In the article, Greenspan's views on inflation are exactly the same as Keynes's. He pointed out: In the absence of a gold standard, there would be no way to protect (people's) savings from being eaten up by inflation, and there would be no safe haven for wealth.That's the secret behind those welfare statisticians' fierce opposition to gold.Deficit finance is simply a conspiracy to confiscate wealth, and gold stands in the way of this insidious process, acting as a protector of property rights.If people grasp this core point, it is not difficult to understand the malicious slander of the gold standard.

As Greenspan pointed out, the gold standard kept inflation in check.In this sense, both Keynes and Greenspan should be staunch supporters of the gold standard. Why did one of them belittle gold as a relic of barbarism, and the other never mention the currency status of gold after its rise to prosperity? For Greenspan, people are in the rivers and lakes beyond their control.When Greenspan fell into the arms of JP Morgan and became a director of JP Morgan and other Wall Street banks, he began to understand that there are rules in the financial arena. When the spotlights of the whole world are focused on Greenspan's unfathomable wrinkles, I am afraid that only he knows in his heart that Cao Cao, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York behind Han Xiandi, is the real decision maker.In 2002, he was anxiously questioned by Texas Congressman Paul at a congressional hearing. Greenspan said that he had never betrayed his views in 1966. He still believes that gold is the ultimate means of payment in all currencies. The Federal Reserve Just mimicking the gold standard system.

Keynes' situation was different from Greenspan's. The famous American scholar Murray.Rothpard has a profound description of Keynes' personality characteristics. He believes that Keynes' extreme egocentrism, self-identification as the British ruling elite, and contempt for social morality have a direct impact on his ideology. In particular, the secret organization of the Apostles in Cambridge University had a huge influence on Keynes.Such secret organizations in European and American universities are by no means like loose associations such as university associations or literary societies that ordinary people understand. They are more like the elite core with a deep religious mission. Maintaining close ties constitutes the most indestructible interest group of the ruling class in Western society.

The Cambridge Apostolic Order is made up of the best twelve members of Trinity College and King's College, who are not only of the utmost intellect but also of eminent birth, each destined to become a member of the British ruling class.They meet every Saturday in a secret clubhouse and discuss topics ranging from philosophy and aesthetics to politics and business.They have their own strict rules and regulations, and at the same time despise the general morality of society. They think they have the most intelligent minds of mankind. They think that they are born to be the rulers of the world, and they instill this belief in each other.Keynes said in a letter to a friend: Is our sense of moral superiority a little megalomaniac?I have a feeling that the vast majority of people in this world never see anything, (because) they are too stupid, or too evil.

In this circle, apart from academic elites such as Keynes and the famous philosopher Russell, financial giants such as Baron Rothschild are also included.After leaving Cambridge, the adult apostles who still attend the conclave of the Apostolic Society every Saturday are called angels, and they actively participate in the selection of new apostles and other activities. Victor, who is a few years younger than Keynes.Rothschild is the Nathan who holds the right to issue currency throughout the British Empire.Rothschild's grandson, the third generation heir to the title of baronet.Victor and Keynes are both active advocates of the American Council on Foreign Relations and the British Royal Society of International Affairs. These two organizations can be described as the central party schools of European and American political circles, and have sent a large number of cadres to the European and American ruling groups in the past century.

Victor has worked for JP Morgan Bank in the United States for a period of time according to the practice of European and American family banks, and is very familiar with Wall Street.He is also a director of Dutch Shell Oil Company.Victor used to be a senior official of the British intelligence service, and later served as the security adviser to Mrs. Thatcher, the British Prime Minister. His uncle Edmond.Baron Rothschild is known as the father of Israel.Under the introduction and support of Victor, the highly savvy Keynes quickly sniffed out the cheap debt currency and inflation theory, which were the main directions that international bankers were diligently pursuing at that time.

Keynes was seldom disturbed by his own political lies, since he had no need to be bound by the moral code of the common man.He habitually fabricated data to fit his economic philosophy.As Rospard pointed out, he believed that principles would only hinder his chances of attaining power at the right moment.Therefore, he is willing to change his previous beliefs at any time, and under certain circumstances, he will do so even for a coin. Keynes understood that if an economist wants his theories to become famous, he must have big names in finance and politics to applaud behind the scenes and in front of the stage. According to the current term, he must be popular.Once Keynes saw that history was in the right direction, he immediately displayed his true gifts: eloquence and prodigious salesmanship.

In Adam.Under the aura of Smith, Ricardo and Marshall, Cambridge seems to be the birthplace of world economic theory for granted.As Marshall's hand-picked successor, Keynes was in an extremely favorable position.After the publication of his main book "The General Theory of Money, Interest, and Employment" in 1936, international bankers of course couldn't put it down, and politicians couldn't put it down. On the other hand, the cheap monetary policy that spends money shows an attitude of pushing back when you want to, and the debate and applause immediately swept the academic circle.

Keynes had long been convinced that his idea of ​​cheap money would be strongly supported by international bankers and politicians, that the ordinary people who suffered the most would be too stupid, or too evil, and the rest would be to deal with the academia. First, Keynes announced the confrontation between the two camps of modern economic theory represented by him and the old traditional economic theory, and then further declared that his difficult new economic bible can only be understood by young economists under the age of thirty .This claim was immediately cheered by the young economist, Paul.In a letter to his friend, Samuelson was overjoyed and rejoiced that he was less than thirty years old. He said: It's good to be young.But even this Samuelson admits that the General Theory is a poorly written, disorganized, confusing book.

Scholars in the United States believe that if this book was written by a professor at a remote college in the Midwest of the United States, it may be difficult to even publish it, let alone be famous in history.