School Book Brief Xiao Hong's "Hulan River Biography" ranked 9th in the century's top 100.According to Taiwan.United Literature Publishing House 1987 regular edition school book.Mao Dun's preface to "Hulan River Biography" partly has ideological criticism. It is suggested to skip it first and read the preface after reading the book. "The Legend of Hulan River" mentions stars such as the Three Stars, the Great Pleiades, the Two Pleiades, and the Three Pleiades. Therefore, there are some discussions on these stars on the Internet.Assuming that Xiao Hong's youthful memory when she wrote this book is correct, and based on the longitude and latitude of Hulan County, the three stars that appear in winter should be the three stars of Orion's belt (Altelak, Altelak, and Altelak).The Great Pleiades that appear on the night of the Mid-Yuan Festival in summer may be Arcturus, while the Dipleias and Triple Pleiades may be Aldebaran and Betelgeuse respectively; the time when Betelgeuse rises Slightly later than Aldebaran, but brighter, so it corresponds or reverses.Arcturus and Aldebaran are yellowish, and Betelgeuse is reddish.

About the Author Xiao Hong (1911｜1942), formerly known as Zhang Naiying, pen name Xiao Hong.Born in Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province, lost his mother when he was young, and graduated from junior high school.She was the most prestigious and talented female writer in the Chinese literary world in the 1930s.The author is a homeless teenager, with a gloomy and elegant writing style, and is good at outlining the turbulent and homeless life.Author of "Life and Death Field", "March in a Small Town", "Ma Bole", "Hulan River Biography" and other books. "Hulan River Biography" was published after Xiao Hong died of illness in Hong Kong, and it is also her most widely circulated classic.

<Preface> Mao Dun one In April this year, I came to Hong Kong for the third time, and I was somewhat sentimental.Ever since I decided to return to Shanghai in such a detour in Chongqing, I have always felt a little contradictory and depressed. I decided to go this way, but I was afraid that this way would bring back some memories of Hong Kong. And these memories I am willing to forget; but, before forgetting, I am very willing to review them again. I lived in Guangzhou for a month, and my life was quite hectic; because of the hustle and bustle, I suppressed my sense of nostalgia; however, I never let go of the idea of ​​wanting to review it and then forget it. I plan to visit Prince Edward Road, Kowloon. It was the first time I lived in a house in Hong Kong. I would like to take a look at the Butterfly Valley, where my girls liked to invite their girlfriends to visit, and look for some American-published comics that my boys collected with all their heart. Take a look at the house in Kennedy Road, Hong Kong when I lived in Hong Kong for the second time, and the dance school (on Hennessy Road) where we took refuge after the outbreak of the 12.8 Hong Kong War. What I especially want to see is Xiao Hong’s grave In Repulse Bay.

I kept these wishes in my heart, and when I had a little free time, these wishes came to bother me. However, I still couldn't muster up the courage to repay these unfulfilled wishes until I left Hong Kong. I didn't go to Kowloon, nor did Repulse Bay. I didn't go; I often avoided it as if I was against my heart, and I often found some excuses to delay, although I never said that I had such a plan, and I didn't urge me to fulfill these wishes quickly. Over the past twenty years, I have also experienced some ups and downs in life. If there is something that makes me angry or sad, it is heavy on my heart, so I am willing to forget it, but I can't bear to forget it easily. A death too early and a lonely death.He sacrificed the joys of childhood in order to pursue the truth, and was willing to study hard in order to make himself a useful person to the nation and society, but just when the study was completed, he died suddenly, like an unfired bullet.This is more emotional than falling down in battle, and it seems that it is beyond the description of simple grief or regret.This premature death has become a heavy emotional burden for me. I am willing to forget it, but I cannot and cannot bear to forget it easily. Therefore, the idea of ​​returning to Hong Kong for the third time and wanting to see Butterfly Valley again is also boring. This is not the only place that can be missed, even if you go there, you may not be able to bury your sorrow there.

The person who once placed good hopes in life but has been disillusioned repeatedly is lonely; she is confident in her own abilities and has great plans for her work, but the bitterness of life makes her quite depressed and unable to cheer up , And because of this, people who feel depressed and anxious will of course be doubly lonely; once such a spiritually lonely person finds that the lamp of his life is about to go out, so when there is no way to remedy everything, then her lonely sorrow is probably not Language can describe.And such a lonely death has also become a heavy emotional burden on me. I am willing to forget it, but I cannot and cannot bear to forget it easily. Therefore, I want to go to Repulse Bay and finally avoid it many times against my heart.

two Xiao Hong's tomb is lonely and isolated in Hong Kong's Repulse Bay. In the swimming season, Repulse Bay should have many red men and women every year, but Xiao Hong lying there is lonely. In December 1940, the year before Xiao Hong's death, when her health was still not in serious trouble, she wrote her last book, the novel Biography of Hulan River, but even then At that time, Xiao Hong's mood was already lonely. And from "Hulan River Biography", we can see how lonely Xiao Hong was in her childhood!Read the ending of the few words in this book, and you can imagine how lonely Xiao Hong felt when she recalled her lonely childhood:

In the small town of Hulan River, my grandfather used to live, and now my grandfather is buried. When I was born, my grandfather was over sixty years old. When I was four or five years old, my grandfather was almost seventy years old.Before I was twenty years old, my grandfather was seventy or eighty years old.As soon as my grandfather passed eighty, my grandfather died. The former owner of the back garden is gone now.The old master died, and the young master fled to famine. The butterflies, grasshoppers, and dragonflies in that garden may still be there every year, or they may be completely desolate now.

Small cucumbers, big dwarf melons, maybe they are still planted every year, maybe they don't exist at all now. Does the morning dew still fall on the flower pot stand, does the noon sun still shine on the big sunflower, and does the red glow at dusk still turn into a horse after a while? Time will change into a dog, so it changes. These are unimaginable. I heard that the second uncle died. The old cook is not too young even if he is alive. The neighbors in the east and the west house don't know what to do. As for the miller in the mill, what happened to him so far is completely unknown.

There are no beautiful stories in the above, just because they are full of my childhood memories, I can't forget them, they are hard to forget, and they are recorded here. After "Hulan River Biography" was completed, in April of the following year, because of Ms. Smedley's persuasion, Xiao Hong wanted to go to Singapore (Smedley herself was going back to the United States, passing through Hong Kong, and staying for a month. Xiao Hong traveled to the Pacific Ocean Asked her about the situation, she said: The Japanese will definitely attack Hong Kong and Nanyang, Hong Kong can hold for at least a month, while Singapore is unbreakable, even if it is broken, there are more ways to do it in Singapore than in Hong Kong).Xiao Hong encouraged us and my wife to go too.At that time, I couldn’t and didn’t want to leave Hong Kong because of my work. I thought Xiao Hong was afraid of falling in Hong Kong (in case of war), and I explained it in many ways, but I didn’t know why she wanted to leave Hong Kong because she lived in Hong Kong. Lonely, the state of mind is lonely, she hoped to get rid of the terrible loneliness by leaving Hong Kong, and I didn't expect her state of mind to be so lonely at that time.At that time, after the Southern Anhui Incident, a large number of domestic intellectuals went to Hong Kong, resulting in an unprecedented activity in the cultural circle of Hong Kong. In such an environment, it is inexplicable that Xiao Hong would feel lonely.By the time I knew and understood all this, Xiao Hong had been buried in Repulse Bay for almost a year.

Xingjiapo finally failed, and Xiao Hong fell ill soon, and she was admitted to Queen Mary Hospital.In the hospital, she was naturally even more lonely, but her will to survive was very strong. She hoped that her illness would recover, and she lived in the hospital enduring her loneliness.Her illness was quite complicated, and the doctor was so absurd that he declared it incurable when it was diagnosed as lung disease.But Xiao Hong is confident that she can survive.Even after the outbreak of the Hong Kong War, she was caught between dying from gunfire and dying from illness, and she was still more afraid of the former. However, her loneliness was still the biggest threat to her.

After the last operation, she finally died.At this time, Hong Kong had fallen, and when she breathed her last breath, many of her friends were not in front of her, so she left this world with loneliness. three "Hulan River Biography" shows us that Xiao Hong's childhood was lonely. What a monotonous day-to-day life for a little girl who had a very early resolution!Small cucumbers and big dwarf melons are planted every year, and there are some butterflies, grasshoppers, and dragonflies in the back garden every year. The back garden is full of old things. The dark and dusty back room is her recreation place; kind and still Her childlike grandfather is her only companion; she recites the Tang poems dictated by her grandfather on the bed early in the morning, and pesters her grandfather to tell stories that she is tired of hearing during the day, or to see how the neighbors live for thousands of years. If there are any sudden waves in this stagnant life, it is nothing more than the fact that the little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law of the old Hu family is ill, and the old Hu family is dancing again, and the little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law finally died; It was nothing more than that Mo Guan Feng Waizui suddenly had a wife and a child, and later, his wife died suddenly, leaving behind a second child who had just been born. The life in the small town of Hulan River is also rigid and monotonous. During the year, they live their lives very regularly; during the year, there must be such lively and grand festivals as dancing to the gods, singing Yangko, setting off river lanterns, wild stage operas, and the Niangniang Temple Conference on April 18th. These festivals are as monotonous and dull as their daily life. Life in the small town of Hulan River is not without sound and color. The streets and alleys, in every hut, behind every fence, are full of nagging, quarreling, crying and laughing, and even talking in sleep.Throughout the year, according to the grand and lively festivals that come one after another like a revolving lantern, in front of the background of the gloomy daily life, there are bold red and green colors with primitive colors. The people of Hulan River are of course mostly kind. They think and live according to the habits handed down for thousands of years. They may sometimes appear numb, but in fact they are also quite sensitive and trivial. They will discuss or argue about trivial matters for three days and three nights.They may appear ignorant and arrogant sometimes, but in fact they have no intention of harming others or themselves. They follow what they think is the most reasonable method and do whatever they want. Of course, we sympathize with the unfortunate experience of the little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law of Lao Hu’s family. We pity her, we complain for her, and we also hate her, but the object of our hatred is not the mother-in-law of the little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law. We only feel that this mother-in-law is also pitiful. She is also a victim of thinking and living according to the habits handed down for thousands of years, her position, her hateful and pitiful place, after she spent fifty pennies to invite the liar with peace of mind When Taoist Yunyou treated Xiao Tuanyuan's daughter-in-law, she explained it clearly: When she came to my house, I didn't give her any anger. The reunion daughter-in-law of that family was not angry. She was beaten eight times a day and scolded three times, but I also beat her. It was because I gave her a blow, and I only beat her once For many months, although I said that I beat up a little bit, but if I am not hard, I can discipline a good person.I also didn't want to beat her hard. I beat her up and screamed for her sake. If I didn't beat her hard, she wouldn't be useful. Why does the mother-in-law of the old Hu family firmly believe that her little reunion daughter-in-law needs to be disciplined severely?What is there about the little reunion daughter-in-law that makes her look unpleasant to the elderly?Because the little reunion daughter-in-law came to Lao Hu's house on the first day, the neighbors judged that she was too generous, and she didn't know how to be ashamed at all. Gao is also against the law, because the neighbors say that this little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law is not like a little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law, which makes her mother-in-law firmly believe that she must be disciplined strictly, and because she only wants to give her a chance, which is too generous. Xiao Tuanyuan's daughter-in-law refused to obey the discipline and cried repeatedly, saying she wanted to go home, so she had to be beaten severely for a month. Of course, the neighbors have no grudges against the little reunion daughter-in-law, they all want her to be good, and want her to be like a reunion daughter-in-law.So when this little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law was disciplined and became ill, not only her mother-in-law was willing to give a lot of money to treat her illness (tiaoshen, various folk remedies), but the neighbors also enthusiastically gave her advice. And the result?In the end, a dark, smiling little reunion daughter-in-law named fourteen years old was actually only twelve years old, but she was taller and stronger than ordinary fourteen-year-old girls and sent back to her hometown alive! The life in the small town of Hulan River is full of various sounds and colors, but it is rigid and monotonous. Life in the small town of Hulan River is lonely. Xiao Hong's childhood life passed in such a lonely environment.It is self-evident how deep this imprint is on her soul. The little Tuanyuan daughter-in-law of the old Hu family who unconsciously violated the habits passed down for thousands of years and lived thinking and living finally died, and Xiao Hong who consciously resisted the habits passed down thousands of years and lived thinking and lived with tears Smiling and recalling this lonely small town, with a lonely mood, in the great era of tragic struggle. Four Some people may think that "The Legend of Hulan River" is not a novel. They might say that there is no thread running through the book, that stories and characters are fragments, fragments, not whole organisms. Some people may think that "Hulan River Biography" seems to be an autobiography, but it is not exactly like an autobiography. But I think it is better and more meaningful because it is not exactly like an autobiography. And we can also say: The point is not that "The Legend of Hulan River" is not like a novel in the strict sense, but that there are other things besides it, which are more attractive than like a novel. It is a narrative poem, a colorful landscape painting, and a string of mournful ballads. There is irony, but also humor. When you start reading, you feel relaxed, but as you read on, your heart will get heavier little by little.But there is still beauty, and even if it is a little sickly, it still cannot but dazzle you. Maybe you want to say that none of the characters in "The Legend of Hulan River" is positive.They are all poor wretches who are willing to be slaves of traditional thinking and feel sorry for themselves, and the author's attitude towards them is not pure.She whipped them mercilessly, but she also sympathized with them: she showed us how stupid and obstinate and even cruel these people who succumbed to tradition were, but their nature was good, they were not deceitful or hypocritical, They are also lazy, they are extremely easy to satisfy.There are the second uncle, the old cook, the family of Lao Hu's family, and the group of leakers, all of whom are such characters.They are all like the lowest plants, they can survive with very little water, soil, sunlight or even no sunlight. Moguan Feng Waizuizi is the one with the strongest vitality among them, so one can't help but want to praise him.However, nothing special can be found in Feng Waizuizi.Except that the vitality is particularly tenacious, and this is the tenacity of primitiveness. If we were to find the weakness of the author's thinking in "The Legend of Hulan River", then the problem probably is not that the characters the author wrote lack enthusiasm, but that the author gave people such an impression when he wrote about the nightmare life of these characters: Because of their ignorance and conservatism, these characters reap the fruits of their own lives, and they live a leisurely and happy life. Here, we can't see feudal exploitation and oppression, nor can we see the bloody aggression of Japanese imperialism.And these two iron shackles, in terms of the proportion of the lives of the people of Hulan River, shouldn't they be lighter than their own ignorance and conservatism? five When Xiao Hong wrote "Hulan River Biography", her mood was lonely. She lived in seclusion in Hong Kong at that time. In the great era around 1940, it is somewhat incomprehensible for someone like Xiao Hong who has ideals in life and has fought against the dark forces to live in seclusion quietly. One of her girlfriends once analyzed the root of her negativity and depression, thinking that repeated emotional injuries made this emotional and rational poetess bound by her own narrow circle of private life (although this circle is What she cursed, but she was stuck in inertia and could not resolutely extricate herself), and was completely cut off from the vast world where life and death struggles took place. All kinds of activities, I feel that they are all nonsense and boring, but on the other hand, I can't join the crowd of farmers, workers and laborers to completely change my life.How can we not feel depressed and lonely?And the shadow cast by this mood on "Hulan River Biography" is not only seen in the mood of the whole book, but also in the thought part, which is regrettable, just as we deeply regret Xiao Hong's early death. August 1946 in Shanghai