Chapter 68 Nietzsche and Superman

Nietzsche was a German poet and philosopher.Born in 1844 in Lu, Saxony.His family was originally a Polish aristocrat, and they have been priests for generations.He studied music and poetry at an early age, and entered the University of Bonn in 1862 to study linguistics and theology.The person Nietzsche respected most at that time was Professor Littchull.Later, due to quarrels among professors, Li transferred to the University of Leipzig, and Nietzsche followed him to transfer to Leipzig.He tried to get in touch with the ancient civilizations in the south and even the tone of Hellenism through the study of Greek classics.

In 1867, Nietzsche entered the field artillery regiment for military service.However, in the spare time of his dedicated service, he still diligently continued to study linguistics.After retiring from the army, Fu devoted himself to academia again.However, his thinking has gradually become more philosophical.Especially addicted to Schopenhauer's philosophy.At the same time, he had to make friends with the talented musician Wagner, whom he had been fascinated by since he was a child. In 1869, at the recommendation of Littchull, he was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Basel.At this point, what you learn will be put to use.

In 1870, when the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Nietzsche, who was very patriotic, stopped his research on Greek civilization without hesitation, and his masterpiece: "The Birth of Tragedy" he was writing, and volunteered to join the army.But not long after he returned from illness, he returned to work at the University of Basel. Because of his unique insights and outstanding thoughts, the academic world was greatly shaken, and he was praised and praised.What's more, because his research method is quite different from that of ordinary classical scholars.He was criticized by ordinary scholars and prohibited students from accepting his lecture notes.At this point, Nietzsche had to resign his university teaching post in anger in 1879, and lived a free life.During this period, he continued to write.By 1889, unfortunately, he fell into an incurable mental illness.He died the following year at the age of fifty-seven.

The main purpose of Nietzsche's philosophy is to strongly resist the evolutionary theory, historicism, naturalism, utilitarianism, socialism, democracy, positivism, realism, and intellectualism that were popular in the second half of the nineteenth century, and to sing his own words. Value, the authority of personality, the glory of ideals, and the mellowness of mood.In other words, it is advocating nobleism against mediocrity and advocating geniusism against ignorance.To put it simply, it is to spread the Gospel of Superman. Because Nietzsche is a poet, both thought and expression are subjective and passionate.His writings are neither theoretical nor systematic.Rather, it is intuitive, artistic, and symbolic.Therefore, it is not easy for people without artistic accomplishment to understand the fusion of keen emotion and strong will.Especially his aphorisms have this extremely distinctive feature.

Nietzsche's philosophy is the philosophy of will, the philosophy of war, that is, the philosophy of the strong. He believes that strong is good and weak is evil, which is his moral view.All his intentions are idolatrous.He negates the value of the past and creates new value.He doesn't want to elucidate the mysteries of reality, but he wants to elucidate the essence of human nature and reveal the highest ideal.His highest hope and purpose is to enhance the value of human beings.He wants to establish the morality of being a real person, the morality of being a superman, that is, the morality of the strong hero, on the other side of good and evil in the past.

Nietzsche was anti-Socratic.His tendency towards anti-intellectualism can be said to have reached its peak. He opposed Christian civilization.He believes that the Christian civilization, like the civilization of intellectualism, also regards human beings as weak and pitiful animals, as a real life that cannot endure many disasters unless they help each other and show mercy.According to Nietzsche, if it is a real life, it must be heroic and great.If you regard the ideal of human life as small, weak, and cowardly.That is tantamount to destroying and negating the original meaning of life from scratch.

He rebelled against the socialist ideology of the time.He believes that socialism only advocates the absolute equality of human beings, which completely despises the merits and demerits of personality values.Treat the ruler and the dominated, the mentor and the mentor, as mixed.It is to regard the small and pitiful life of the majority as the ideal of human life.In the fundamental spirit, it is completely the same as positivism and utilitarianism.The true meaning of life is completely lost. Nietzsche opposes negative and negative outlook on life, and extremely advocates positive and affirmative outlook on life.His central idea, and indeed his entire ideal, is a very positive, life-affirming one.What he called a positive and affirmative life was the positive enrichment and progress of human nature.To actively enrich and develop the original human nature, the instinct that is not burdened by civilization; this is the real intention of human life.

His so-called ideal personality is a person with strong vitality, a person with a strong instinct, and a person with a strong will.A personality with protruding strong vitality and will is the highest purpose of human life.It is also the most valuable and precious life. His so-called strong will is definitely not blind will, let alone tyrannical power.It is a strong moral will centered around a sense of responsibility.A sense of responsibility is the life of the will.An irresponsible will is not moral.Therefore it cannot be called will.He believes that the greater the person, the deeper their sense of responsibility.Conversely; the weaker the character, the less sense of responsibility, and therefore weak willpower.

According to Nietzsche, the strong with superior personalities often dominate and command the weak with inferior personalities, that is, the majority of the people.The majority of the people can only live under the guidance of a few strong men, that is, geniuses.Thus the distinction between the strong and the weak, between the ruler and the ruled, between the ruler and the ruled, is obvious.It is often a small number of powerful rulers, rulers, or geniuses who create a new era.Strictly speaking, without genius, there is no history.New history is often created by geniuses and strong men.And the majority of the people often have the destiny and essence of being guided by a few geniuses and strong men.That is the existence of the weak.The so-called superhuman minority is the true purpose of life.The majority of the people is but a means to produce this superman.

It is the law of life that living beings of every kind strive to subdue others, to increase their own power.The purpose is to create a higher form, the Superman.This kind of superhumanity beyond human beings cannot be achieved without boredom, pain, and sorrow.Therefore war is better than peace, and peace is a sign of death.Living in this world, one cannot become a great superman. This life is aimless.This is Nietzsche's view. To be a superman, one must be strong, one must have a will stronger than anything else.Love, compassion, and things like that are forbidden in Superman.Superman must have a heart of steel.

All things are forever reincarnated.Life, must always be something beyond himself, must therefore always be beyond.The half of transcendence is conquest.To conquer is to fight.Life has to be fought from time to time.Like this, the morality of superman is the morality of war.Nietzsche is really a philosopher of war.He sang war.So, war!fight!Only by fighting can progress be brought to mankind.Only by fighting can we open up new aspects of life.Only by fighting can we rise to superhumanity.War is good. As a result of Nietzsche's heroism of genius, there is an insurmountable gap between self-knowledge and the public.For most of the weak, the common people, he really felt embarrassing disgust and pain.Therefore, he advocated individualism and isolationism.Human beings, in short, are alone and must not depend on others. Although, he is definitely not an absolute individualist.But he advocates independence and self-respect, and thinks that it is a shame for human beings to show mercy and help each other.Although, free man and free man's mutual respect and love, in his opinion, is the supreme virtue. I just feel disgusted by the fools who have no real personality and life.The mutual respect and love between free people and their ideal communication is Nietzsche's ideal life.