Chapter 39 <Excuse and unforgivable>

It is said that once upon a time there was a judge who judged a case, and his original verdict was: Excuse the circumstances, unforgivable the reasons. Later, the defendant bribed him. After accepting the bribe, he picked up a pen and did not change a single word, but reversed the order of the original words, and became: Reason is unforgivable, circumstances are excusable. In this way, the corrupt official can not only use the verdict as a reason to cover up his bribery behavior, but also express his return to the briber.why is that? Formal logic regards extenuating and unforgivable as a joint judgment containing two limb judgments, and holds that if every limb judgment (joint language limb) contained in a joint judgment is true, then the joint judgment Verdict is true.

In the logic of natural language (referred to as language logic), the judgment of joint words is divided into three types: the judgment of parallel joint words, the judgment of progressive joint words and the judgment of turning joint words. It is believed that the order of judging limbs of judging parallel conjunction can be changed.For example, such a parallel sentence judging that Xiao Li is a middle school student and Xiao Wang is also a middle school student can be changed to Xiao Wang is a middle school student and Xiao Li is also a middle school student, which does not change the meaning of the original judgment.However, for a progressive joint judgment and a turning joint judgment, the order of the judgments of the limbs cannot be changed arbitrarily, because if it is changed, the meaning of the original judgment will be changed.For example, such a progressive joint statement cannot be changed from judging that Xiao Liu is not only married but also has a child to Xiao Liu not only having a child but also married; Small, but every inch of land is our country's territory changed to although every inch of land in Xisha belongs to our country, but the island of Xisha is very small.

The above-mentioned judge’s initial judgment was justifiable and unforgivable. It was a turning joint judgment, but the connecting words were omitted.The exact meaning of this judgment is: Although the defendant's behavior is understandable and excusable emotionally, it is unforgivable morally or legally.Obviously, the focus of this judgment is the judgment of the latter limb. According to this judgment, the defendant will be sentenced or given a heavy sentence.After accepting bribes, the judge changed the order of the original sentence, which meant that although the defendant's behavior was unforgivable in reason or law, it was understandable and forgivable emotionally.The focus of judgment falls on understandable and forgivable.

According to this judgment, the defendant can be exonerated or sentenced to a lighter sentence.Here, the sophistry of corrupt officials lies in changing the key point of judgment.This method of arbitrarily changing the order of limb judgments according to one's own subjective needs can be called the sophistry of reversing the word order or reversing the word order.