Chapter 42 [Chapter Three Sophistry against the Law of Identity] [Introduction]

The basic content of the law of identity is: any correct thinking has certainty.The formula for the law of identity is A is. A means any thought (concept or judgment) that appears in the same thinking and discussion process. A is A means that in correct thinking and discussion, the thought A has its own identity. A is the logical law of A, and it is a correct reflection of the relative stability and qualitative stipulation of objective things. The law of identity requires that in the same thinking process, the object of thinking, the concept of application and judgment must be definite. The sophistry methods used by sophists to violate the law of identity mainly include: subverting concepts and shifting topics; rambling, rambling, or adopting double standards when discussing issues; and playing with relativism, which denies the relative certainty of things and concepts, and so on.