Chapter 85 [Chapter Ten Sophistry in Argumentation] [Introduction]

Logical proof, short for argument, is a thought process that refers to other judgments that are known to be true to determine the truth of a judgment.Any argument is composed of three elements: topic, argument and argumentation method. A topic is a judgment whose truth needs to be demonstrated.A topic is the central idea or basic point of view of an argument, and it answers the question of what to argue. An argument is a judgment used to establish the truth of a topic.Argument is the basis of the thesis, it answers the question of what is used to demonstrate. The way of argumentation is the logical relationship between the topic and the evidence, and it is the reasoning form of deducing the topic from the arguments.The way of argument is the link of argument, and it answers the question of how to argue.

In order to ensure the correctness of the argument, logic sums up the experience and lessons of human beings in the long-term argumentative thinking, and formulates the rules of argumentation, that is, the rules about the topic, the rules about the argument and the rules about the way of argumentation.Compliance with these rules is a necessary condition for making a correct argument, and violation of these rules must make the argument wrong. The sophistry tactics used by sophistryers in violation of the rules of argumentation mainly include: shifting arguments; false arguments; wrong formulas; expected reasons;