Chapter 17 Chapter 15 Culture Cultivation

In the modern mechanical civilized industrial society, everyone is likely to feel the tension, dryness and monotony of life; therefore, they feel even more bored, bored and restless.Some are emotional stimulation, some are emotional comfort.Too much stimulation, either nerve numbness, emotional collapse, or even pessimism due to boredom.This is true in peacetime, and even more so in wartime. The training of knowledge is important, the method of production is important, and the efficiency of work is important, but emotional adjustment is at least as important.The principle of Zhang Yi Zhang is not only applicable to bow tuning, but also applicable to life.Relaxation in life is necessary, but this relaxation does not mean indulgence or laziness.Moral holidays are unhelpful and harmful to the human psyche.Let us turn our attention to the cultivation of culture!

Numbness, collapse and pessimism are certainly undesirable, but it is also very disgusting to be a vulgar, rough, stingy and wild person.If we only talk about the enjoyment of material civilization without the cultivation of spiritual culture, the result will be vulgar, rough, stingy and wild. Several Western cultural philosophers often give different meanings to the two terms culture and civilization, at least they regard the emphasis of these two terms as different.The so-called culture of the Germans has a special color of Germanic culture, but they see the distinction between culture and civilization, which seems to be particularly obvious.When they use these two terms, it is self-evident that civilization is more material and external, while culture is spiritual and inner.Although a nation does not have many inventions and enjoyments of material civilization, it has the expression and enjoyment of beautiful culture.Unknowingly, people can reveal his virtue of being in the world, his extraordinary understanding, and his beautiful and harmonious soul, all of which are the result of national culture and personal immersion in his own national culture.Even though he doesn't have a plane to travel, no elevator to travel, no flush toilet to use, but can we disrespect him?Can you say he has no culture?

Let's be more specific.Find a Busuman from Africa, put him on a plane and he can still travel, drag him on an elevator and he can still use a flush toilet, if you teach him how to push the simple mechanism New words.But if you invite him to see Raphael's famous paintings in the big European art galleries, he will feel that he is not as good as the horse-faced bull's head in their caves; if he goes to a famous music hall to listen to Beethoven's music, he will feel that he is not as good as their competitions. The wooden gongs and war drums used when the gods dance; when he reads Shakespeare's masterpieces in the library, he feels that they are not as good as the gods and ghosts used by their priests.It can be seen that the result of civilization is easy to enjoy, but the crystallization of culture is difficult to appreciate.

If the term culture is a translation of the Western word culture, I think it is not only very satisfactory, but also extremely superior.The Chinese sages believed that the education of life and the culture of society should pay equal attention to both style and quality.Quality wins text and wildness is a famous saying of Confucius.You must be gentle and polite, and then you can become a gentleman.This text has a very broad meaning, including a rich way of life, and it is by no means something that literary writers can steal for themselves.The meaning of the characters is especially wonderful.A sage must reach the state of greatness and transformation, even ordinary people can be influenced by subtle influences.It can be seen that culture pervades the entire nation, let alone a special class of people.Culture is the crystallization of the national soul, and culture is also the loving mother of the national spirit.To improve national morality, we must improve national culture.Although morality can be said to be a part of culture, it is a rigid and inflexible part. All of culture is nurtured with warmth, like the spring sun, warming everyone's heart.

We want everyone to pay attention to the cultivation of culture, so as to expand to the cultivation of the entire national culture.This is not a problem.The question now is how to cultivate personal culture? Of course knowledge is the element of self-cultivation.There is an old Chinese saying: When learning is deep, the spirit is calm, which is just an expression that learning can affect self-cultivation.Of course, experience is a necessary process of self-cultivation, without going through all kinds of trials and twists and turns, how can Tao Rong develop the true self-cultivation in life?However, what I am focusing on now is not the obvious truth, but only a part of emotion that people often ignore, and it can also be said that emotion affects the part of the soul.

To cultivate emotions, there is nothing better than aesthetic education, so from this aspect, I propose three cultures that are particularly related to aesthetic education. Let me first talk about the cultivation of literature.Literature is not only reasoning, but also lyrical; it is not only the condensation of knowledge, but also the expression of desire; it is not only the exposure of individuality, but also the sympathy of sorrow and joy; .Literature can be used not only as a flame to carry forward emotions, but also as clean water to cleanse the soul.Poetry can be prospered, watched, grouped, and complained. It is just the praise of a part of literature by the ancient saints.Literature is meant to improve the taste of life; there are certain things that a cultivated writer would never do; but he does not take the attitude of a moralist and refuses to do it, but because it is a low-level interest.So true literacy raises the standard of behaviour.The best writer is one who can say what others want to say but can't; he can express himself comfortably when others can't express emotions, making it difficult for others to express in other ways.People who have not retreated to Nanjing and moved to Sichuan cannot appreciate the beauty of the two lines of poems in the isolated city of Zao Shaoling Mansion, where the sun is slanting, and every time you follow the south (north) to look at the capital.Many compatriots in distress have experienced the pain of family ruin and death. When they read the sentence in Baixiang Mountain, their flesh and blood were displaced on the road, they must have felt this painful experience, and it is not just for us modern people.The boredom of the war era, if the ancients share our hearts and feel the same, it will be much more comfortable.It's just that it's difficult to create literature, and it's not easy to appreciate literature.When you come across a good literary work, you must recite Xinwei, and only when you can recite the words in your mouth can you understand them.Confucius said: rely on benevolence and practice art, this is the most wonderful word.Therefore, for beautiful literary and artistic works, one should penetrate one's own soul deeply, just like a fish in water, wandering leisurely, in order to truly understand.Today's young people are in the midst of the hustle and bustle every day, and if they can get a little bit of literary cultivation, they will surely relieve their boredom.Those who study social sciences should use literature to cultivate their minds, especially those who study natural and applied sciences.Doing calculations and organizing every day without the spiritual adjustment of beautiful literature will inevitably lead to emotional dryness, dull mind, irritable temper and unconsciousness.The sweet spring of literature can cultivate new sprouts for your soul.

Then talk about the cultivation of music.Music is not only entertaining, it is a special language from the heart, a rhythmic and melodic language, a harmonious and beautiful language.It is he who connects many feelings, concepts, and artistic conceptions, and sends them out with fluctuating syllables.Yongmenqin said: You must sit and listen to what my qin says. This is the subtle truth.In the past, rites and music were called together in China, because rites and music are linked together.Later, rites and music were separated, so rites were reduced to dry rituals.It was originally a lively and rhythmic movement pattern, but later it became a rigid and lifeless list of praises.It turns out that literature and music are also combined, so people in ancient times could play the piano and sing.In the Song Dynasty, you can sing Liu Tuntian Ci at the place where you drink well water; bold and unrestrained celebrities can sing Dajiang East on copper papa and iron plates.Jiang Baishi's self-made new lyrics have the most delicate rhyme, and Xiaohong sings me blowing flute in a low voice, which is even softer.But since the Southern Song Dynasty, poetry and music have separated again, which is really a great loss to literature and a great loss to the cultural accomplishment of the nation.This is why the popularity of literature is not universal.For example, Goethe had a great influence on German literature and general national culture; but how many Germans today have read the complete works of Goethe or his important works?However, Goethe's poems, songs by the mountains and seas, and farm houses and fishing villages are all sung, and it is precisely because he composed them into music.Chinese music has only melody but no harmony, so it feels monotonous.Therefore, only people playing gongs and drums in Sichuan opera can help, and there cannot be a four-part ensemble in which the male, female, and bass are harmoniously coordinated.In the past few decades, Western music was handed over to China through unskilled hands from Japan, and most of the music composed was simple and decadent.Since the Anti-Japanese War, Chinese people's interest in music has become stronger, and more people are engaged in music, which is a gratifying phenomenon.However, it is generally rough and simple, and it is unavoidable to imitate with truncated ends.Intentional high-pitched, sometimes heard; and the movement of twists and turns, rarely heard.Among them, there are also minor tunes such as Little Cowherd, which are composed as anti-Japanese war songs, which are nerve-numbing.Now China's music education can be improved, popularized, and changed because of people's interest in music, but this is not something that can be achieved in a short period of time.We just keep this hope and walk on this road.I hope that in the future, from the rhythm and harmony of music, to the rhythm and harmony of national spirit and action.

Then discuss the cultivation of painting art.Sculpture, like music, is underdeveloped in China, but painting has achieved very high achievements.This is precisely because Chinese painting and Chinese literature have never been separated.The cultivation of a painter is roughly the same as that of a writer.Chinese painters are also mostly writers.China has always paid little attention to artisan painting.Su Dongpo made this distinction most clearly when discussing Wu Daozi and Wang Wei's painting poems: Although Wu Sheng is wonderful, he still talks about his painting skills;In my view, the two sons are both handsome, and Yu Wei also keeps his mouth shut.Mojie is certainly a writer who has paintings in his poems and poems in his paintings, and Wu Daozi is also an outstanding genius in his paintings. Dongpo still has a reputation among them. This kind of fashionable atmosphere can be imagined .Painting not only expresses nature, but also expresses the soul; not only expresses reality, but also expresses artistic conception.If painting is just a copy of nature and reality, then photography is enough, why paint.But famous paintings can be seen forever, but photographs can be seen at a glance, precisely because the nature and reality in the paintings are revealed from the artistic conception through the soul.Dongpo said that the paintings are similar in shape, seeing that they are adjacent to children, which is exactly what he meant.This is called the lack of form, but it is also worthy of its gods.Therefore, these two lines of poems are definitely not what the bold and fashionable painters of today, those painters who paint beauties who say they don’t look like it and change it to Zhong Kui, or who say Zhong Kui is not like it and change it to strange rocks, can borrow it under the guise of.A painter must not only have exquisite skills, but also have noble cultivation.Jiang Baishi said: "The character is not high, and there is no way to write ink."At the same time, people who read paintings must have this kind of cultivation, so that they can really understand and blend with the painter's soul.That's why Ouyang Xiu said: The meaning of depression and indifference is difficult to paint, the painter can get it, but the reader may not understand it.Therefore, it is easy to see things that fly away slowly and lightly, but it is difficult to form the heart of simplicity and tranquility.It is also because of this that it is difficult for ordinary people to understand famous Chinese paintings.If you can go deep, you will be in the midst of the hustle and bustle, and it is not a refreshing powder before the beginning.Yun Nantian commented on landscape painting: In and out of wind and rain, rolling green, model cliffs and ravines, twists and turns.Only the skill of becoming popular is the wonder of enlightenment.It can bless the divine wind and cast pottery.Really incisive and unique words.

Of course, the cultivation of culture is not limited to these three aspects. Anything that can move people’s hearts and minds and enhance their incapacity is related to cultivation.For example, Ji Zun Yage threw the pot, and Xie Anshi played Go before the battle, all of which were ways for them to improve their self-cultivation.It's just that these three aspects of self-cultivation are the easiest to cultivate the spirit and adjust the emotions. Chinese culture pays the most attention to self-cultivation.People who study must have a scholarly spirit; even generals, Confucian generals are the most admired, otherwise they are just brave generals and warriors, but they are only partial talents.Amongst the hustle and bustle, narrow, crowded crowd, can there be an elegant gentleman with a broad mind, barking like a wave of a thousand hectares, clear and unclear, not muddy when scratched, isn't it admirable?In this vulgar and vulgar occasion where fame and fortune are being fought for, can there be someone who is as clear as water, as Zhong's eldest son Chang said.A person who is as clean as frost and snow, despises the world and vulgarity, and walks independently, can he be honest, stubborn and cowardly?

Now in terms of Chinese culture, there is a great crisis, that is, the noble Chinese culture is gradually being understood by fewer people, and the beautiful Western culture cannot be absorbed at the same time.Even though I have learned a little of Western applied technology, or the habit of enjoying material civilization, I have not acquired the subtle beauty of Western culture in human nature.There is still no cultivation of Chinese literature, let alone the cultivation of Western literature.Playing Uncle Schubert's or Wagner's scores to him, he would naturally be indifferent, and if he heard black jazz music, his feet would itch.If you go to a foreign art gallery, among the ancient paintings, perhaps only the obese nude women painted by Lubens may be appreciated. As for the sunset photos of Denner and the deep forest in Goro, they are boring; What about Momo Yunshan?Even though there are some big-bellied businessmen and foreign students in the cities who pretend to be elegant and hang a picture or two of Wu Changshuo or Wang Yiting's paintings in their homes, thinking that they are necessary furnishings to show off to foreigners of the same kind, but they don't know that among foreigners, there are also people who know how to compare. He more.As a result, painters who are seeking to profit from the times, actually use boldness as their strength and smearing as their expressiveness, so the Chinese painting art, which has reached its peak, is in decline.This is really a sad thing!

We have to accept mechanical civilization, and we can't erase industrial society, but our soul also needs the loving mother of culture to touch and comfort him.We can make material things available for us to enjoy, but our spirits cannot rotate like a machine.As for the evil influences of vulgarity, roughness, meanness, and wildness, we should cleanse them completely. If we want to advocate the philosophy of the strong and the morality of the master, we should supplement it with cultural cultivation.Let us not forget that the sage who wears the sword in the Jiagu venue is also a gentleman who is gentle, courteous and thrifty!