Chapter 3 2. The long journey of the Na'vi and the tribe

1860 On March 12, the U.S. Congress passed the First Purchase Act to provide immigrants with free land in the western region.On April 3, the first Pony Express left St. Joseph, Missouri, and on April 13 it was delivered to Sacramento, California.On April 23, the Democratic National Convention was held in Charleston, South Carolina, and differences arose on the issue of slavery.From May 16th to 18th, the Republican National Convention was held in Chicago to nominate Lincoln as the presidential candidate.In June, the population of the United States reached 31,443,321 people.In July, Spencer invented the rapid-fire gun.On November 6, Lincoln received only 40 percent of the national vote, but was elected president.On December 20, South Carolina seceded from the Union.

1861 On February 4, the Confederate Congress formed in Montgomery, Alabama.On February 9, Davis was elected president of the Confederate States.On February 11, Lincoln said goodbye to friends and neighbors in Springfield, Illinois, and took a train to Washington.In March, Davis called for an army of 100,000 men to defend the Confederacy.On April 12, the Confederate artillery attacked Fort Sument; on April 14, Fort Sument fell.On April 15, President Lincoln called for the creation of an army of 75,000 volunteers.On July 21st, during the first Battle of Niuxi, the Union Army retreated to Washington.On October 6, Russian students rioted and St. Petersburg University was closed.On October 25, the Pacific telephone line between St. Louis and San Francisco was completed.On December 5, the Gettling machine gun was patented.On December 14, the British mourned the loss of Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert.On December 30, American banks stopped paying gold.

When our fathers and grandparents were alive, we heard that the Americans were crossing the river and going westward. We heard the flintlock musket of guns, powder and lead bullets, then the breech-loading gun, and now the rapid-fire gun.The first time we saw Americans was at Poplar River.We fought the Mexicans, we fought the Pubrus, we got mules from the Mexicans, and we got lots and lots of mules.The Americans came to trade with us.When the Americans first came we had a big ball where they danced with our women and we traded with them. Chief Manurito of the Na'vi Manuelito and the other leaders of the Na'vi tribe made treaties with the Americans.Then the soldiers built the fort here, Manuelito recalled: Sending us an administrator, he advised us to behave, to live in peace with the whites; to keep our promises.They wrote their pledge, and we always remember it.

Manuelito wanted to abide by the terms of the treaty, but when the soldiers came, he burned his kolba and killed his cattle, and because of what a few wild Neville and boys did, he treated the Americans Get angry.He and his tribe had always been rich, but the soldiers had made them poor.To get richer, you have to attack the Mexicans in the south. In this way, the Mexicans call them lazy pigs (robbers).But the Mexicans have been attacking the Na'vi and taking their children into slavery for as long as anyone can remember, and the Na'vi have been attacking the Mexicans for as long as anyone can remember.

Once the Americans arrived in Santa Fe, they called this area New Mexico, and they protected the Mexicans, because these people have become American citizens.The Na'vi people are not nationals because they are Indians.As soon as they attack the Mexicans, the soldiers will rush into Na'vi and the area and punish them as aliens.This really made Manuelito and his people angry and confused; because they knew that many Mexicans had Indian blood, but they came to kidnap and steal the children of the Na'vi tribe, but the soldiers did not Don't dare to punish them. The Americans built a fort area in the valley rich in water and grass in the Na'vihe area. It is located at the mouth of the beautiful canyon. They call it the Challenge Fort. They put their horses outside. Manuelito and the tribe have always cherished it. Come to graze on the grassland.The chief soldier told Na'vi and the tribe that the grassland belonged to the fort area, and ordered them to keep the horses far away.Because there was no paddock, Nawei and his tribe had no way to prevent their livestock from occasionally going to the forbidden grassland.One morning, a company of soldiers on horseback galloped out of the fort area and shot and killed all the cattle and horses of the Na'vi tribe.

The Na'vi tribe wanted to replenish their mules and horses, so they attacked the soldiers' horses and supplies.The soldiers also began to attack the tribes of the Na'vihe tribe.In February 1860, Manuelito led five hundred warriors in a raid on the army horse herds grazing a few kilometers north of Fort de Challenge.The spears and sharp arrows of the Na'vi tribe were not comparable to the good weapons of the guard soldiers. They killed or injured more than 30 people, but only captured a few horses.In the next few weeks, Manuelito and his ally Bapencito assembled a force of more than a thousand warriors, and in the darkness of the early hours of April 30th surrounded Fort de Challenge.Two hours before dawn, the Na'vi clan attacked the fort from three sides, determined to sweep the fort from their own land.

When they came, they were almost very successful, they had some old Spanish guns, and with one shot they burst into some watchtowers and broke into a few houses.Arrows rained down upon the panicked soldiers as they poured out of their barracks; but after a few minutes of confusion, the soldiers formed into ranks and immediately unleashed a steady stream of gunfire.When daylight came, the Na'vi and the tribe retreated to the hills, very satisfied with giving the soldiers a good lesson. However, the Army of the United States of America considered the attack to be a challenge, an act of war, against the flag flying over Fort Challenger.A few weeks later Colonel Comby, at the head of six companies of cavalry and nine companies of infantry, was in the lead in prowling the Jusca Mountains in search of Manuelito's rebels.The troops marched through the Red Rock area until their horses were worn down, and the officers and men almost died of thirst.Although they didn't see half of the Na'vi and the tribe at all, the Indians were in that area, harassing the flanks of the column, but making no direct attack.By the end of the year, both sides were tired of this folly, and the soldiers could do nothing to punish the Na'vi peace, and the Indians could do nothing to tend the grain and cattle.

In January 1861, Manuelito, Barpencito, Big Blacksmith, Slender Pole, Anmiyo, and other rich chiefs agreed to build a new building fifty-six kilometers south of Fort Challenge. Inside the Fort, meet Colonel Compby.The fort was called Fort Fantellero, in honor of a soldier chief.After the negotiation with Combi, the Na'vi and the tribe elected the big blacksmith as the chief (February 21, 1861).All the leaders agreed that peaceful coexistence is paramount: the big blacksmith promised to drive out all the lazy pigs in the clan.Manuelito wasn't sure if the promise would be fulfilled, but he put his bet on Comby's paper.Again a rich stockman who believes in the virtues of peace and honesty.

There had been months of friendship between the private and the Na'vi since the winter meeting at Castle Ventrelo.Word got to the Indians that there was a great war in the far east, between northern and southern white Americans, and they knew some of Compey's soldiers and changed their blue uniforms for Gray uniforms, go east to fight the blue uniformed soldiers.One of them was Colonel Fantellero, the Eagle Chief, whose name was painted out on the fort, and they called the camp Fort Wingert. During this period of friendship, Na'vi and his tribe often went to Ventrelo Castle (Wingert Castle) to trade and receive rations from the administrator. Most of the soldiers also welcomed them, thus forming a relationship between the tribe and the soldiers race.All the Na'vi and the tribe looked forward to this kind of competition, and on the day of the horse race, thousands of men, women and children, all dressed up and shining, came to Wingert Castle on the best horses.On a clear, sunny morning in September, several horse races were held; but this day's big race was scheduled for noon, and it was Pistolball (the name the soldiers gave to Manuelito) riding a horse. Peacekeeper's horse, a race against a lieutenant riding a racehorse.In this race a great deal was bet on money, on blankets, on cattle, on rosary beads, on one's needs, on anything.Both horses jumped together at the start, but after a few seconds it was obvious that there was trouble with the pistol pop, he lost control of his mount and the horse went off track.Immediately, everyone knew that the water rein of the pistol bullet had been cut with a knife.Nawei and the tribe went to the place where the referees were all soldiers, and asked the horse race to run again.The judges disagreed and declared the lieutenant's horse the winner.Immediately the soldiers formed a victory procession and walked back to the fort to collect their bets.

Na'vi and his tribe were enraged by this trick, and rushed after them, but the gate of the military castle slammed shut right in front of them.When a Na'wi and tribe tried to force him in, a guard shot and killed him.What happened afterwards, Captain Hodd, the chief of the white soldiers, wrote a report: The Na'vihe men, women and children pouring in from all directions were shot and stabbed.Immediately afterwards I made up a column of twenty soldiers and went out as a whole to the east side of the camp; where I saw a soldier killing two children and a woman, I immediately told him to stop.He took one look, but disobeyed my order, and I ran as fast as I could, but couldn't get there in time to stop him from killing the two innocent children and the badly wounded woman.I ordered his gun belt to be removed, and took him to the camp as a prisoner. At this time, the colonel commander had ordered the duty officer to drag the cannon (mountain cannon) out and bombard the Indians.The sergeant squad leader in charge of the mountain artillery pretended not to understand the order; because he thought it was a disorderly order; but under the reprimand and threat of the officer on duty, he had to carry out the order; otherwise, he would be in trouble up.The Indians scattered in the valley below the military fort, attacked the horse herd in the area, wounded the Mexican horseman, but failed to take the cattle; they also attacked the express postman sixteen kilometers away from the fort , took his horse and mailbag, and wounded him in the arm.After this massacre, no Indians were to be seen near the camp, except for a few Indian women who were friends with the officers.Commander Jieli wanted to make peace with Na'vi and the tribe again, so he sent some of these good-looking Indian women to talk to their chiefs; but the only satisfactory answer these women received was a good beating.

After this date, September 22, 1861, a long time passed before the friendship between the whites and the Na'vi was renewed again. During this period, a Confederate army of gray uniforms entered New Mexico and fought several great battles along the Gran River and in blue uniforms.Throwing Rope Carson was the chief of the blue GIs.Most of the Na'vi and the tribe believed him, because he had always been able to talk with the Indians, and they hoped that after the war between him and the gray uniforms, they would conclude peace with him. By the spring of 1862, however, more blue troops had moved west into New Mexico, calling themselves the California Column, commanded by General Carlton, with a star on his shoulder, and more powerful than Eagle Chief Carson .These California soldiers camped along the Gran River, but there was nothing to do, because all the gray uniforms had fled into Texas. Na'vi and the tribe immediately knew that the chief of Paixing, Carlton, wanted their land very much, as well as some metal wealth that might be hidden under this land.A majestic domain, he called this area: stately pastoral and mining land.Since he had so many soldiers with nothing to do but walk up and down the playground, rattling his guns, Carlton set out to find a fight with the Indians.He said that Na'vi and his tribe were all wolves fleeing in the mountains.It must be suppressed. Carlton's attention was first directed to the Mesclero tribe of the Apache tribe. Their population was less than a thousand, and they lived scattered in strands between the Gran River and the Pecus River.His plan was to kill or capture all of the Mesclero tribe, and confine the remnants to a worthless reservation along the Pecus River.In this way, the fertile Granville Valley can be used for American citizens to buy land and immigrate to live.In September, 1862, he issued an order: No future meetings with the Indians, no negotiations.If you find a man anytime and anywhere, you will be shot and killed immediately.But women and children are captured as captives and are not allowed to be killed. This is not the way Carson treats the Indians. He has regarded many Indians as friends since he was in the trade.He sent his soldiers into the mountains, but he also opened the way of communication with the chiefs of the Mesclelo tribe.After the fall of this year, he arranged for five chiefs to visit Santa Fe and negotiate with General Carleton.On their way to Santa Fe, two chiefs and escorts encountered a detachment of soldiers led by Captain Graydon, who used to be the owner of a tavern.Graydon feigned great friendship with these Mescleros, sending them flour and beef for their long journey.A little while later, near Hen Springs, Graydon's squad overtook the Mescleros again.What happened, he could not understand, for in this incident not a single Indian escaped.Major Morrison, a white soldier chief, briefly reported: "It is very strange what Captain Graydon has done. All I know is that he tricked these Indians into going directly to their camp and gave them strong liquor. , and later shot them dead.Of course they thought he had come for a friendly purpose, for he sent them flour, beef, and fodder. The other three chiefs, Martial Arts, Flat Nose, and Star, arrived in Santa Fe and assured General Carlton that their people had lived in peace with the whites in the past, as long as they stayed in the mountains undisturbed.You are stronger than us, the martial arts student said: As long as we have guns and gunpowder, we have fought against you; but now your weapons are better than ours.Give us the same arms, let us go, and we shall fight you again; but we are broken now, and have no heart to fight; we have no food, no means of life; your troops are everywhere; our water and The pool is either taken over by your lads or watched over.You have driven us from our last and best stronghold, and we have no heart for war anymore.Treat us well and maybe you as well, but don't forget, we're men and we're warriors. Carlton told them haughtily that the only way the Mescleros could achieve peace was to leave their country and go into the circular forest which he had prepared for them on the Pecus River, There was a new military fort called Fort Sumner, which was guarded by privates and restricted access. The chiefs of the Mesclelo tribe knew that there were too many soldiers and they could not protect their women and children. They also believed in the request of Kaldun who threw the rope, and led their tribe into the prison in the circular forest. The Na'vi and his tribe watched with some trepidation as Carlton swiftly and brutally conquered their Apache cousins, the Mesclero tribe.In February, eighteen chieftains, including Skeleton and Barpencito, but not Manuelito, went to Santa Fe to see the general.Report to him that they represent the peaceful herders and farmers of the Na'vi and do not want war.This was the first time they looked up to Chief Carlton of Pasing.He has a beard, fierce eyes, a mouth that does not mean people, and is even less smiling when he tells Skinny Rod and the others: There will be no peace unless you offer other guarantees than words to keep it .Go back and tell your people this, I don't believe in your promises. By the spring of 1863, most of the Mesclero tribe had either fled to Mexico or had been driven into the circular forest.In April, Carlton went to Fort Wingert to collect intelligence data, and as soon as the grass began to grow high enough to support mules and horses, he launched an attack on the Na'vi peace.He arranged a meeting with Thin Rod and Barpencito near the town of Cooper, and told these chiefs that the only way to prove their willingness for peace was to lead their people out of the Na'vihe area and into the Round Forest Go live with those contented Mesclero tribes.To this point, Bapensito replied: I will never go to the circular forest, never leave my hometown, even if I die, I will not go. On June 23rd, Carlton set a deadline for the Na'vi to move to the circular forest.Bring Thin Rod and Bapencito again, and he instructs the commander of Fort Wingert: Say what I have said before, and tell them I will be sorry if they refuse to submit, and tell them, They and those who claim to belong to peace elements must accept it on the 20th of July this year; tell them that after that day, every Na'vi and tribe they see will be regarded as an enemy and treated according to the method of the enemy Deal with it; after that day, the now open door will close. The 20th day of July came and passed, but none of the Na'vi and tribe surrendered voluntarily. At this time, Carlton had ordered Carson to lead his cavalry to set off from the Mesclero area to Fort Wingert, preparing to attack the Na'vi peace.Carson was reluctant; complained loudly that he volunteered to fight the Confederate army, not the Indians, and sent a report to Carl to resign. Carson liked Indians. Before, he lived with them for several months without seeing a single white person.He had a child with an Orapaho woman, and lived with a Saiyan woman for a while.However, after he married Yoswah, the daughter of Mr. Yorimino in Toth County, New Mexico, Carson took a new route, made a fortune, and applied for a piece of land as a ranch.He discovered that there was room in New Mexico's upper class for a tough, superstitious, clueless mountain boy.He has learned to read and write, and can write a few words. Although he is only 167 cm tall, his reputation is in full swing.Famous for his rope throwing, he never got over his awe of well-dressed, soft-spoken, high-spirited people.And in New Mexico in 1863, the most powerful man in the aloof was Chief Pasing Carlton, so in the summer of that year, Carson withdrew his letter of resignation from the Army and went to Fort Wingert to take the position of attacking the Na'vi peace tribe. .His many reports to Carlton, before the end of this campaign, had agreed to the tyranny of the haughty man who commanded him. The Na'vi and the tribe admired Carson's combat prowess, but they hated his soldiers, the New Mexico Volunteers, many of them were Mexicans, and as long as anyone could remember, the Na'vi and the tribe drove them out of this area.The Na'vihe tribe has ten times the population of the Mesclelo tribe of the Apache tribe. Their vast and rugged terrain has many advantages. This area is surrounded by deep canyons, steep streams on both sides, and high cliffs and terraces. cut.Their base is the Cherry Canyon, which runs westward from Mount Zhuska for 50 kilometers. The narrow places on both sides of the canyon are less than 50 meters long, and the red rock walls on both sides of the canyon are more than 300 meters high. , the high overhanging wall is an excellent defensive position against aggression.There are these places in the canyon, and the width between the two banks is hundreds of meters. The Na'vi and the people raise sheep on the pasture, or grow corn, wheat, fruits and watermelons on the cultivated land: they are particularly proud of the peach orchard, which has been around since Spain Since the time of human beings, they have taken good care of it. Throughout the year, there is sufficient water in the canyon, and sufficient poplar and gray-leaved maple provide them with firewood for cooking. The Na'vi and the tribe even knew that Carson had led a thousand troops to the Pubru tribe in Colorado, and they still looked down upon it when they hired their old friend the Ute tribe as scouts.The chiefs reminded the tribe how they had driven the Spaniards from their lands in the past.The chiefs promised that if the Americans came to attack us, they would be killed.But precautions were also taken to ensure the safety of women and children.Because they knew that the money-hungry Utes would try to kidnap women and children and sell them to wealthy Mexicans. In late July, Carson moved to Fort Challenge, changed the name of the fort to Fort Compby, the name of an old enemy of the Indians, and began sending search troops.Perhaps he wasn't too surprised to find no Na'vi and his tribe.He knew that the only way to subdue them was to destroy their crops and cattle and scorch their land.On the 25th of July, he sent Major Cummings to bring back all the cattle that could be found in the beautiful canyon; all the corn and wheat were plundered or burned.As soon as Na'vi and his tribe found out what Cummings was doing with their winter provisions, he was immediately noticed.A short time later, a Na'vi marksman shot him from his saddle, killing him instantly, and they also raided Carson's stables near Fort Compi, taking back some sheep and taking Carson's beloved seat. Ride stolen. Carson, who had lived with the Indians long enough, knew well the audacity of reprisals, but the incident irritated General Carleton.On August 18th, the general was determined to encourage the enthusiasm of his subordinates, and offered a high reward to capture the cattle of the Na'vi peace tribe.Every mule and horse that is sound enough to be used will be given 20 dollars, and each sheep that has been driven to the Canbyburg vegetable market will be paid 1 dollar. At that time, the salary of the soldiers was less than twenty dollars a month. This kind of reward really encouraged them, and some soldiers even extended it to the few Na'vi and tribesmen they could kill.In order to prove his military ability, he also began to cut off a handful of hair that Nawei and his tribe tied on their heads with a red rope.The Na'vi tribe could hardly believe that Carson condoned this kind of scalping. They thought it was a barbaric habit brought by the Spaniards. (Maybe Europeans brought or didn't bring the custom of scalping in the New World, but the immigrant Spaniards, French, Dutch and British made the practice very common by offering bonuses for the scalps of their relative enemies .) Although Carson continued to steadily destroy the Indian grain fields, bean beds, and pumpkin fields, his actions were not as slow as General Carlton had hoped.In September, Carlton ordered that from now on, every Na'vihe man in sight should be killed or captured; : Tell them to go to (Circular Forest), or we will pursue and wipe you out. This war will follow you, no matter how many years it will take.Now we have started, until you no longer exist or move away, other than that, there is nothing else to talk about. At about the same time, the general reported to the War Department in Washington to ask for an additional cavalry regiment.The report said that more soldiers were needed, because a new gold mine was discovered not far to the west of the Na'vihe area, and there must be enough cavalry to beat the Indians and protect the various gold mines and go to The people there, God bless us, the gold is placed under our feet, just pick it up! Under Carlton's urging, Carson accelerated his scorched-earth policy, and by the autumn had destroyed most of the livestock and grain between Fort Combe and Cherry Canyon.On October 17th, two Na'vihe tribesmen, holding white flags, appeared under Wingert Fort.One of them was Goofy, an envoy sent by his brother Slim and Bapencito and five hundred of his tribe.The fool said that their food sources were exhausted, they were already eating pine nuts, they had no clothes, no blankets, they were almost naked, and they were too afraid of the soldiers to search for them, so they dared not light a fire to keep warm.They don't want to go far to the round forest, but they will build a nest at Fort Wingert, where they can always be under the watchful eyes of the soldiers, the Indians of the eternal sword, and within nine days, the skinny pole and Bapensi To, and 500 tribesmen will come, and the chiefs are willing to go to the city of Santa Fe to visit Chief Peixing to ask for peace. Captain Chacon, commander of the garrison at Fort Wingate, reported the proposed compromise to General Carleton, and he criticized: In this matter, the Na'vi Indians have no choice but to submit to the circular forest. , or just stay in your own zone and go to war. With no choice in the matter, and with the women and children crying, hungry and cold, Chief Thin Rod surrendered.But Bapencito, Dork, and many warriors waited in the mountains to see what would happen to their people. The clansmen who surrendered were sent to the circular forest, but Carlton gave special treatment to the first batch of captives, whether they were traveling or arriving in the forest, they were the best food rations and the best accommodation.Thin Rod was deeply moved by his compassion for their captors in the past under the perilous conditions of the barren plains of the Pecus River.When Chief Paixing informed him that if he persuaded the leaders of the other Na'vi tribes, saying that life in the circular forest was much better than starving to death or freezing to death, he and his family could go back to Wengert Castle.Shougan agreed to go, and at the same time, the general also ordered Carson to attack the Cherry Canyon, destroy food and livestock, and kill or capture the Na'vi peace tribe in the final base. Carson gathered a group of pack mules to carry supplies while preparing for the battle in Cherry Canyon.But on the thirteenth of December, Bapencito and his men charged at the herd and drove the pack mules into the ravine where they could use them for winter meat.Carson sent two teams to pursue, but Nawei and his tribe broke up and escaped under the cover of the snowstorm.Lieutenant Monzitoya's cavalry found a small camp by chance, rushed over, drove Na'vi and his tribe into a fir forest, and captured thirteen women and children.The lieutenant's report mentioned that an Indian suffered a gunshot wound on the right side of his body, but escaped in the dense bushes.His son, who was only ten years old, was also very intelligent. After his father had fled for a while, it was reported that his father had died in the rocks of the nearby stream. Carson, who had no pack mules to carry his supplies, reported to General Carleton that the expedition to the Cherry Canyon had to be delayed.The general immediately replied: You must not delay the expedition because of lack of means of transportation. You must ask the officers and men to bring their own blankets, and if necessary, three or four days' rations in dry food bags. On January 6, 1864, the army set out from Fort Compi. Captain Pu Huaihui led a small force and entered from the eastern end of the Cherry Canyon. Carson led the main force and entered from the western end of the canyon. centimeters, the temperature was below freezing, and the progress of the march was slow. A week later, Pu Huaihui entered the canyon. Hundreds of Na'vi and his tribe, who were half-starved, were on the edge of the canyon and on the torus, throwing stones and logs at the heads of the troops, cursing in Spanish.But none of these could stop the troops. Pu Huaihui's soldiers destroyed the huts, food cellars, and livestock, and killed three Na'vi and tribesmen who came within range of their cavalry guns. They also found two old men who had frozen to death, and captured Nineteen women and children. At this time, Carson camped at the western end of the canyon and began searching from the edge of the canyon.On the twelfth day of the first month, one of his squadrons encountered a group of Na'vi peace tribesmen and killed eleven red men.Two days later, the two armies joined forces and passed the entire gorge without much fighting. That night, three Na'wi peace tribesmen, holding white flags, arrived at the army's camp.They told Carson that the tribe was suffering from hunger and cold, and chose to surrender rather than die.Carson replied: You can wait until tomorrow morning. After that time, my troops will hunt you down.The next morning, sixty ragged and emaciated Na'vi and his tribe came to the camp to surrender. Before returning to Fort Compi, Carson ordered that all the properties of the Nawi peace family in the canyon be destroyed, including their more than 5,000 beautiful peach trees.Na'vi and his people could forgive him for throwing the rope to fight them as a soldier, for capturing them, and even for destroying their food and supplies, but there was one act they would never forgive him for, that is, taking their beloved All the peach trees were cut down. In the next few weeks, the news that the soldiers entered the Chali Valley spread throughout the hidden camps of the Na'vi and the people, and the people lost their minds.We fought for that region, not to lose it.Chief Manuelito said later: We lost almost everything America was too strong for us to fight.We had to fight, and it felt fresh for a few days, but in a short period of time, we were all exhausted, and the soldiers starved us out. On the 30th of the first month, Chief Thin Rod brought 680 Na'vi and tribesmen to surrender in Wingert Fort with his assurance of the situation in the circular forest.The severe winter cold and lack of food forced others to enter Fort Compi.By mid-February, there were twelve hundred hungry and poor tribesmen in the fort. The army did not give them enough rations, and the oldest and youngest began to die.On the 21st of February, Chief Blacksmith brought his party into the fort, and the number increased to fifteen hundred.By the beginning of March, 3,000 people had surrendered in the two fortresses, and the snowy and icy trails to the north were crowded with terrified Na'vi and tribesmen who had arrived.But those rich chiefs, Manurito, Bapencito, and Anmiyo, refused to give up, and led their own people in the mountains, still steadfastly refusing to surrender. In mid-March, the long march to send Na'vi and his people to Fort Sumena and the Round Forest started.On March 13th, the first group of 1,430 people arrived at Fort Sumena. Ten died on the way; three children were taken away, probably by Mexicans among the escorting soldiers. At the same time, the second batch of 2,400 people had also left Fort Compi, and their number had been reduced by the fact that 126 people died in the fort area.This long procession included thirty wagons, three thousand sheep, and four hundred and seventy-three horses.Na'vi and his people have an indomitable spirit, enduring freezing weather, hunger, diarrhea, ridicule from soldiers and the arduous 500-kilometer journey; but they cannot bear homesickness and loss of their own land.Weeping, one hundred and ninety-seven died before reaching their cruel destination. On March 20, more than 800 Nawi and tribesmen left Fort Compi, most of them women, children, old and weak, but the army only provided them with 23 caravans.The officer in charge of the detachment reported that: on the second day of the march, there was a very violent snowstorm, which was extremely violent and lasted for four consecutive days, causing great suffering among the Indians. Almost naked, of course, there is no way to withstand this kind of wind and snow.When they reached Los Pinas, below Albuquerque, the Army requisitioned the wagons for other uses, leaving Na'vi and his tribe to camp in the open.By the time the march could be resumed, several of the children had disappeared.At this point, a lieutenant pointed out that the officers in charge of the Indians must be extremely vigilant, or the Indian children will be stolen and sold.On the 11th of May, 1864, the procession reached the Circular Forest. I left Fort Combi to receive 800, and on the way to Fort Sumena I received another 146. , a total of nine hundred and forty-six people, in this number, about one hundred and ten people died. In late April, one of the unyielding chiefs, Anmiyo, appeared at Fort Combi and informed the commander of the fort (Captain Carrey), Manuelito and a group of Na'vi and tribesmen, who were far to the north, along the Spend the winter by the Little Colorado and San Juan rivers, coming in a few days.The group of more than 400 people from Anmiyo also arrived a few days later.But Manuelito stopped his men a few kilometers away, at a place called Quarites, and sent a messenger to inform the chief of the soldiers that he wanted to speak to him.During the negotiations, Manuelito said his tribe was willing to stay near the fort, plant grain and herd sheep as they had always done. There's only one place for you to go, said Captain Cary, and that's to go into the circular forest. Why do we have to go to the circular forest?曼紐里托問道：我們從來不偷別人的，不殺別人，一直都遵照我們答應康比將軍的話，保持著和平。他補充說，他部落裡的人都怕在圓形森林裡被大兵集中，給開槍打死，像在一八六一年時范特勒洛堡一樣。卡瑞要他放心，這一次並不是如此；但曼紐里托說，除非他同老朋友大鐵匠，或者其他待過圓形森林的納維和族首領談談，他不會率領族人投降。 卡爾敦將軍聽說，有一線機會可以使曼紐里托投降，便在圓形森林裡，小心挑選出四個納維和族人（但可沒有大鐵匠），要他們對這位心不甘情不願的作戰酋長運用影響力。他們並沒有說服曼紐里托。一個六月天的晚上，他們談過以後，曼紐里托和他那一股人，就從夸里特斯消失了，回到了他們在小科羅拉多河一帶的隱匿地點。 九月，他聽說老盟友巴朋西托在卻里峽谷被俘，這時，他曼紐里托成了抗命闊酋長中的最後一個，就知道大兵就要到各處地方來找他了。 在秋天中，從圓形森林裡逃了出來的納維和族人，開始回歸到故土，帶來了族民們經過情況的可怕報導。他們說，那裡是一片薄瘠的土地，大兵們用槍刺戮他們，把他們成群趕進四周有牆的圍場，好些大兵酋長老是把他們數來數去，把數目記在一本本小書上。大兵酋長答應有衣服、有毛毯、還有好的食品，可是他們答應的話，一直都沒有兌現。所有的白楊和矮樹叢都砍掉了，只剩下樹根可以當柴燒。要遮蔽雨水和太陽，他們就只有在砂質土壤上挖坑洞，用草編織的草蓆來蓋、來墊，生活就像是洞穴裡的土撥鼠。大兵給了他們少數工具，就用這些在佩庫斯河河床上開墾種些五穀，可是漲水、乾旱和害蟲，把莊稼都弄死了，這時每一個人都折半發口糧。他們擁擠在一起，疾病已經取了體弱人的性命。那是處糟地方，在大兵監視下，要逃走雖則很困難、也危險，還是有好多人冒著生命危險逃了出來。 這時，佩星酋長卡爾敦說動了聖大非市的教會，唱出讚美詩，慶祝陸軍把納維和族遷往圓形森林的成功。而這位將軍向華府上級報告，形容這處地方是一片美好的保留區沒有理由他們（納維和族人）為什麼不是美國境內最幸福、最繁榮、供應設施最好的印第安人總之我們以糧食供應他們，要比征伐他們便宜得多了。 在佩星酋長眼睛裡，他俘獲的族民只不過是嘴巴和身體。這六千張嘴巴必須要吃，六千個身體必須要穿。但是一想到在我們四周環繞著他們所有的、多麼壯麗的一片田園和礦藏大地這片土地的價值根本無法衡量相形之下，要立刻發給支持他們的，僅僅只是少量的食品，作為天然繼承他們的代價上來說，真是微不足道。 沒有一個人鼓吹奉天承運，比起他在文句中支持這種哲學更為恭維備至的了：整個民族從他們乃祖乃宗的土地上遷離，不但是一種有趣的、也是一種動人的景象。他們多年以來同我們勇猛作戰；他們保衛自己的山嶺、偉大的峽谷，其英勇任何民族在仿效上都要引以為榮。可是他們終於發現了，這也是他們的命運，也像他們的兄弟們般，一族又一族地，背向著日出的方向離開，讓出了道路給我們競爭中永不滿足的進展。這些值得我們欣賞敬佩的勇士們，拋下了他們的武器，帶著信心，在我們的寬宏大量中到我們這裡來，覺得我們是這個民族太強大、太公正得不能還報以卑鄙、或者輕視的無恥的了覺得正向我們獻出了他們美麗的田野、他們的家園，他們生活中的相關事物，在他們傳統中成為名勝的景色；我們絕不會向他們施捨小氣的食糧，作為對他們知道、我們也知道的莊嚴領土回報。 然而，曼紐里托並沒有拋下他的武器，對卡爾敦將軍來說，他是一位太重要的酋長，不能容許這種毫不悛改繼續下去而不受到挑戰。一八六五年二月，從溫格特堡派出的許多納維和族快差，帶了一封佩星酋長的信給曼紐里托，除非他在春天以前幡然來歸，否則就要對他和他那股人加以圍剿到死為止。我沒有對任何人造成傷害，曼紐里托對這些快差說：我絕不離開本鄉本土，我立意死在這裡。但後來他同意和在圓形森林裡的一些酋長談談。 二月下旬，大鐵匠和納維和族其他正住在圓形森林的酋長，安排同曼紐里托在茲尼貿易站附近會晤。天氣很冷，地面覆滿了厚雪，曼紐里托擁抱過老朋友以後，便領著他們回到他族人隱匿的丘陵裡，他那一股人只剩下僅僅一百多人的男男女女和小孩；有少數幾匹馬和少數幾隻羊。這裡是我在世間所有的一切一切了，曼紐里托道：看看，數目上少得多麼可憐，你們也看得見他們多麼可憐，我的孩子們都在啃絲蘭根了。停了一會兒，他又說，他馬匹的情況已經走不到圓形森林那裡。大鐵匠答道，他沒有權延長他投降的時限，但是用友好的方式警告曼紐里托，如果他不歸順投降，是以他族人的生命在冒險。曼紐里托拿不定主意了，說道為了婦孺的緣故，他會投降；然後又補充說，他需要三個月的時間使牲口恢復過來。最後，他斷然宣布，不能離開自己的鄉土。 我的神，我的娘都住在西部，我絕不離開他們。我們這一族人的傳統，便是絕不過三河格蘭河、聖胡安河和科羅拉多河，我也不能離開朱斯卡山，那是我出生的所在，我要留下來，除開命一條以外，我沒有什麼好損失的了，至於這條命，他們也可以來取了去，什麼時候隨他們的高興吧，但是我不搬走。我對美國人、墨西哥人，從來沒有做過對不起的事，生平沒有搶過人。如果我給人殺了，流的會是清清白白的血。 大鐵匠向他說道：為了你們好，我已經竭盡一切辦法，對你們作了最好的勸告，現在我要走了，就像你們的墳墓已經挖好了一樣。 幾天以後，大鐵匠在聖大非市把曼紐里托的立場，告訴卡爾敦將軍。卡爾敦的反應，便是向溫格特堡的指揮官，下了一道嚴厲的命令：本人了解如果曼紐里托成擒，他的族人毫無問題便會歸順；他經常到茲尼村去探望和交易，貴官如果能同茲尼村的印第安人，從事若干安排，他們便會同貴官合作，把他擒獲竭盡力量生擒曼紐里托，擒獲後加以重檻重兵看守，立即擒獲或格殺他，對他所控制的人民是一種慈悲。本人甚願加以生擒，倘如他企圖脫逃應即予以擊斃。 可是，曼紐里托很聰明，不落進卡爾敦在茲尼村所設下的圈套，在一八六五年春天和夏季，都設法逃過了生擒活捉。那年夏末，巴朋西托和手下幾名戰士，從圓形森林逃了出來，據說他們就在艾斯卡得洛山脈阿帕奇族地區。納維和族人從保留區中溜走的太多了，使得卡爾敦在蘇門納堡附近六十五公里處，都派了永久性的警衛。到了八月，這位將軍更向堡區指揮官下了命令，凡是發現沒有通行證而離開保留區的納維和族人，一律格殺不論。 一八六五年秋天，圓形森林的五穀收成再度歉收時，陸軍便把一些不宜於官兵食用的肉類、麵粉和燻肉發給納維和族。死亡的人數再度升高，企圖脫逃的人數也是一樣。 儘管圓形森林的情況，這時受到新墨西哥人的公開批評，卡爾敦將軍還是繼續追擊納維和族人。最後，在一八六六年九月一日這天，他追緝最力的酋長曼紐里托帶著二十三名備受打擊的戰士，一瘸一瘸地進了溫格特堡投降。他們全都衣衫襤褸、軀體消瘦。腰上依然紮著皮面，以保護身體免得弓弦的抽擊，可是他們已經沒有了戰弓，沒有了快箭。曼紐里托的一隻胳膊受了傷，掛在身邊不能動彈。一會兒以後，巴朋西托也帶了二十一名從人進堡，作第二次的投降。現在，已經沒有作戰的酋長了。 諷刺得很，曼紐里托投降後只有十八天，卡爾敦將軍就從新墨西哥軍區調走。使佩星酋長掌權的內戰，已經結束了一年多，新墨西哥人對他和他傲慢的辦法實在受夠了。 曼紐里托到了圓形森林，一位新主管諾敦在保留區作土壤檢驗，宣佈因為土質含鹼，不宜於五穀播種。水是黑色，帶鹼味兒，喝起來根本受不了，據印第安人說水質喝了不健康，因為他們的人口有四分之一都被疾病一掃而光了。諾敦補充說，這片保留區耗費了政府多少百萬美元：放棄這片地區，把印第安人遷離，越快越好。我聽說這片土地暗示出本質上有人投機白人剝奪了生活上的普通舒適，在任何地方都不會滿足，你們難道要印第安人滿足和滿意嗎？任何通情達理的人，會選擇上一處八千印第安人的保留區，水根本沒法子忍受，土壤瘠薄、寒冷，而二十公里距離以內，土壤裡只能生產豆根植物可供他們吃的地方嗎？ 整整兩年裡，從華府派來的調查人士和官員，川流不息地在保留區揚長而過。有些人的的確確很熱心；有些人主要關心的事情是減少開支。 我們在那裡待了有幾年，曼紐里托回憶道：我們很多人因為不服水土而死掉華府來的人同我們一起開會，他向我們解釋，白人如何處罰那些不服從法律的人。我們答應服從法律，如果准許我們回到自己的家鄉去，我們答應遵照條約一共答應了四次這麼做。我們全體都向條約說是，他給了我們好好的勸告，他就是薛爾曼將軍。 納維和族的首領頭一次見到大戰士薛爾曼將軍時，大夥兒都害怕他，因為他的臉和佩星酋長卡爾敦一模一樣凶霸霸的、毛蓬蓬的和一張殘狠狠的嘴巴可是他的眼睛不同，一個受過苦痛折磨人的眼睛，知道別人的痛苦。 我們告訴他，會要設法子記住他所說的話，曼紐里托回憶道：他說了：我要你們大夥兒統統望著我。他站了起來，好讓我們見到他。他說如果我們行為正正當當，就可以當面望著別人，然後他說道：我的孩子們，我定要把你們送回家鄉去。 在他們可以回鄉以前，酋長們都得簽訂一份新條約（一八六八年六月一日），條約上開頭便是：從今天起，締約雙方間的戰爭，將永永遠遠停止。最先簽字的是巴朋西托，其次是安米約、瘦桿、曼紐里托、大鐵匠和其他七個人。 在我們出發回家鄉以前，這日日夜夜好長好長喲，曼紐里托說道：在我們動身的前一天，就朝向家鄉的路上走了一小段，因為我們迫不及待要啟程嘛。我們回去，美國人給了一點點兒農具，我們謝了。我們告訴趕騾的使鞭子抽吧，好心急呵。我們一見到阿布奎基的山峰，都奇怪是不是我們的山嶺；我們都想同大地談談話，有些老爺爺老奶奶一到了自己的家，都歡喜得哭起來了。 納維和族人就這樣回到了家鄉，等到測量新保留區的界線時，他們最好的草原大部份都被白人移民拿走了。日子不好過，他們都得奮鬥忍受。雖然這麼艱苦，納維和族人就會知道，他們是西部印第安人中，運氣並不最壞的。因為其他各族人的艱難困苦還沒開始呢！