Chapter 10 9. The guerrilla war between Kejieshi and the Apache

1871 On January 8, Paris surrendered to the Germans.On March 18, the Communists rose in Paris.On May 10, France and Germany signed a peace treaty, and France ceded the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.On May 28, the riots in Paris ended.On October 8, the Great Chicago Fire.On October 12, President Grant issued a proclamation condemning the Ku Klux Klan.On November 10, Steller discovered Dr. Livingstone in Africa.First exhibition of Impressionists in Paris.Descendants of the Darwinians is published. 1872 On March 1st, Yellowstone National Park was reserved for the American people.Fiske and Kot's corrupt Ili faction collapses.In June, Congress repealed the federal income tax.In October, Republican leaders were charged with accepting Mobile Credit stock to benefit Union Pacific with political influence.On November 5, in Rochester, New York, Susan Anthony and other women's rights advocates were arrested for attempting to vote.On November 6, President Grant was re-elected.

When I was young I walked all over the country, east and west, and never saw anyone other than the Apaches.After many summers, I went again and found that another tribe had come to occupy this area.how could be?Why are Apaches waiting to die?Are their lives on their fingers?They roamed the hills and the plains, asking the sky to fall upon them.The Apaches were once a very large nation, but now they are only a minority. Because of this, they wish to die, so they put their lives on their fingers. Chief Kejieshi of the Apache Mountain Tribe I don't want to run over the mountains any more; I want to make a great treaty that will last forever A piece of land has the same rights.I'm going to make a treaty that lasts, so both parties can travel the land without much trouble.

Apache Tribe of Fools Delsay If there hadn't been that massacre, there would be more and more people here now; but after that massacre, who could bear it?My heart was big and happy when I made peace with Lieutenant Whiteman.The people of Tucson and Saint-Satur must be crazy and act like they have no brains and no heart They must be in a hurry to drink our blood The people of Tucson are in the papers saying their own To put it bluntly, no one in the Apache family can reveal what happened this time. Apache tribe Areviba tribe Eskiminsin In the summer of 1871, after Red Cloud's visit, Commissioner Berk and other government officials discussed the feasibility of inviting the Apache chief, Kejis, to Washington.Although there has been no military combat in the Apache area since the Civil War, when Pasing Chief Carlton left, these wandering Indians, and the white settlers, miners, and shippers who kept invading their homes, Conflicts often arise.The government has kept four reservations in New Mexico and Arizona for various tribes, but few Apaches have settled in any of them.Director Berke hoped that Ke Jieshi could help to achieve a permanent and permanent peace for the Apache area, so he asked the representatives of the area in the bureau to invite the chief to come to Washington.

No white man could find Chief Cogers, and it was not until the spring of 1871, when correspondence was finally established, that the chief declined the government's invitation.He said it very simply, whether it was a military representative of the US government or a civilian representative, he could not believe it. Ke Jieshi is the chief of the Mountain Tribe of the Apache tribe. He is much taller than his fellow tribesmen. He has a strong back, a handsome face, black eyes, a big straight nose, a tall sky, and thick black hair.The white people who met him said that he had a gentle manner and a very neat appearance.

When the Americans first arrived in Arizona, Kejieshi welcomed them.In 1856, Cogers met with Major Stein of the 1st U.S. Dragoons, and he agreed to let the Americans cross the mountains to California on the southern route.He had no objection when the Butterfield Post established a stagecoach station at Apache Pass; in fact, the Mountain Tribes who lived near the station cut firewood for the station in exchange for supplies. Then, one day in February 1861, Cogers received a letter from the Apache officer asking him to go to the station to confer with an officer.Ke Jieshi thought it was just an ordinary thing, so he brought five elder brothers, two nephews, a woman, and a child with him.The officer who wanted to see him was Lieutenant Basken of the 7th Infantry Regiment, who had been sent out with a company to find stolen cattle and a second-rotor child on Walter's ranch, which Walter accused of being Kejieshi's mountain tribe took away the livestock and the child.

As soon as Ke Jieshi and his family entered Baisken's tent, twelve soldiers surrounded the tent. The second lieutenant insisted that the mountain tribe return the livestock and children. Kejieshi had heard about the boy who had been taken. He said that a coyote tribe from the Shina River raided the Walter Ranch. Maybe the boy was in the Black Hills.Ke Jieshi thought he could arrange payment and redemption, but Besken's reply was to accuse the mountain tribe of having the boy and the livestock.At first, Ke Jieshi thought that the official was joking; however, Baisken was a frizzy person, seeing that Ke Jieshi did not take this accusation seriously, he ordered the arrest of Ke Jieshi and his family. It was announced that they would be taken as hostages for the return of the cattle and boys.

Just as the soldiers came in to make the arrest, Ke Jieshi stabbed a hole in the tent and escaped under the fire of rifle volleys.Despite his wounds, he manages to escape Besken's pursuit, but the family is turned against him.In order to get them released, Ke Jieshi and his soldiers captured three white men on the post road in Butfa, and wanted to exchange them with the second lieutenant.Besken would not agree to this kind of change, unless the stolen livestock and children were included. Because Besken did not believe that his people were innocent, Kejishi was so angry that he blocked the Apache Pass and the infantry company besieging the station.After giving Basken another chance to exchange, he executed the three captives, amputating them hand and foot with his spear, a brutal method the Apache had learned from the Spaniards.A few days later, Second Lieutenant Besken retaliated by hanging three male relatives of the Kejieshi family.

From this time on in history, the mountain tribes transferred their hatred of the Spaniards to the Americans.For twenty-five years, they and the other Apaches fought intermittent guerrilla warfare, at a far greater cost in life and money than any other Indian war. At this time (1861) the Apache chief in battle was Red Sleeve, a seventy-year-old Liushan old man who was bigger than the gigantic Kejieshi.In southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, he has subordinates in many tribes.Cogers married his daughter, and after the Basken incident, the two joined forces to drive the Americans from their homeland.They attacked caravans, blocked the passage of stagecoaches and mail coaches, and drove hundreds of white miners from their lands from the mountains to the Moguyo Mesa.After the Blue and Gray uniforms started the civil war, Hongxiu and Ke Jieshi fought sporadically with the Gray uniform until they retreated east.

Then in 1862, Chief Pasing Carlton, drove no less than a thousand blue uniforms from California, on the same old road that went right through the heart of the Mountain Country.They came in small groups at first, always stopping at the deserted stagecoach station at Apache Pass to draw water from a nearby spring.On the fifteenth day of the seventh month of the horse month, Hongxiu and Ke Jieshi deployed their five hundred warriors on a rocky plateau overlooking the defile and spring.Three companies of blue uniformed infantry, escorted by a company of cavalry and two carts, approached from the west.When the 300 soldiers came along the defile, the Apaches suddenly attacked, shooting sharp arrows and guns. After a few shots, the soldiers hurriedly retreated from the pass.

The Apaches did not give chase, knowing that the blue uniform would return.After regrouping, the infantry pushed forward again into the defile, this time the two carts followed closely behind.The soldiers walked only a few hundred meters to the spring, but they had no cover there, and the Apaches surrounded the water source.The blue army uniform held the position for a few minutes, and then the two large vehicles rolled forward, suddenly there was a huge flash of flames from the vehicle, black clouds surged upward, and the high hanging rocks roared like thunder Gu Ying, pieces of flying metal, whizzed through the air.The Apache people had heard of the small cannons of the Spanish before, but this kind of thundering cannon mounted on a car was full of terror and death.At this time, the soldiers retreated, and the blue uniform moved forward, occupying the clear spring with sweet water.

The Red Sleeves and Kejies didn't stop there, if they could lure the small groups of soldiers away from the caravan guns, they could still defeat the army Well.The next morning, they saw a platoon of cavalry riding back westward, perhaps to warn the soldiers coming from that direction.Hongxiu led fifty soldiers on horseback and rushed down, cutting them apart.In the fierce pursuit and beating that followed, Hong Xiu was injured in the chest and fell off the horse without knowing it.Frustrated by the lack of a leader, the soldiers broke away from the battle and carried his bleeding body back to the high ground. Ke Jieshi was determined to save Hongxiu's life. He didn't believe the mages in the clan, or their muttering and clanging, so he put the old man on the sling, and under the escort of the horse-riding warriors, he rode steadily towards the south for a while. After more than 150 kilometers, it entered the town of Yonos in Mexico.A long-established Mexican surgeon lived there, and when he presented Hongxiu's hopeless body, he came with a brief ultimatum: cure him, and if he died, the town would die. A few months later, Hongxiu returned to his own Liushan, wearing a wide-brimmed straw hat he bought in Mexico, a wool cape with colorful patterns, leather leggings, and Chinese sandals.He was thinner than before, with more wrinkles on his face, but compared to soldiers fifty years younger than him, he was better at riding a horse and shooting a gun.When he was resting on the mountain, he heard that the chief of Paixin, Carlton, had rounded up the Mesclero tribe and imprisoned them in the circular forest.He knew that Blue Uniform was hunting for the Apaches, killing them with one of those cannons, just as they had killed him and sixty-three of Kojis' men at Apache Pass. During the season of the flying ants (January 1863), Red Sleeve was camped at the Willow River, and he had been thinking for a long, long time before his death how he could get peace for all the Apaches.He remembered the treaty he signed in Santa Fe in 1852; in that year the Apaches and the people of the United States agreed to eternal peace and friendship, and now there is hostility and death on both sides up.He wanted to see his people live in peace again, knowing that not even the bravest and most cunning young fighters like Victorio and Gironimo could defeat the great might of America.Maybe it's time to sign another treaty with the Americans, the Blues, they've got as many as flying ants. One day, a Mexican, holding a white flag of truce, arrived at the Red Sleeve's camp.He said that some soldiers were nearby and wanted to make peace.For Hongxiu, their coming seemed to be God's will. He would rather have a discussion with Chief Peixing, but he still agreed to meet this little captain, Captain Xilan of the California Volunteer Army.The soldiers of the Liushan Tribe warned him not to go. Don't you remember what happened when Ke Jieshi went to Apache Pass to meet the soldiers?Hongxiu laughed off these fears, but then again, he is just an old man, what harm can soldiers do to an old man who only wants to talk about peace?The soldiers insisted on sending guards with him, so he selected fifteen of them and set off along the trail to the barracks. They walked within sight of the camp, and the group of Hongxiu waited for the captain to come out.A Spanish-speaking miner came out and escorted Redsleeve into camp, but the Apache guards wouldn't let the chief in unless Captain Sheeran planted a truce flag.As soon as the white flag was raised, Hongxiu ordered the soldiers to go back, and he wanted to go alone.With the protection of the armistice negotiating flag, his safety will be very considerate.Hongxiu rode his horse into the soldiers' camp, but his soldiers hadn't left his sight. A dozen soldiers jumped out from the bushes behind him, with their rifles loaded and red barrels pointed at him, and he became a prisoner. We hurriedly sent the Red Sleeves to our camp in Old Fort Merlene. Among the miners who came with the California Volunteers, a man named Connor said: When we got there, we just saw General West leading the soldiers to the camp. .The general went to Guan Hongxiu's place to see him. Beside the old chief, the general looked like a dwarf. In terms of size, the old chief was much taller than anyone else.He looked gloomy and refused to speak, obviously he felt that he had made a big mistake in trusting Bai Yi in this situation. Two guards were assigned to guard Hongxiu, and as the night grew darker and the weather colder, they built a fire of logs to keep themselves and the prisoners from freezing to death.Stockin, a soldier in the California Volunteer Army, later reported that he heard West give the order to two guards: I want him to be dead or alive tomorrow morning, you understand?I want him dead. Because the red-sleeved Apaches are in this area, extra guards are sent to patrol the camp after dark.Connor was forced to be on duty, and just before midnight, when he was walking towards his sentry post, he saw the two soldiers guarding the red sleeves torturing the old chief, causing him to keep pulling his feet up under his cloak.Conor was very strange, not knowing what the two soldiers were doing, so he stood outside the fire and looked at them.I saw that they were stabbing the guns in the fire to heat them up, and they touched Hongxiu's feet and legs with them.Having endured this torture a few times, the chief rose to his feet and began to exhort in a spirited manner, telling the guards in Spanish that he was not a child to be teased with.But this exhortation was interrupted, because he had no time to cry out, and at almost the same moment two guards shot at him with their small guns, and pierced him through the body. Hongxiu fell back, and two guards fired at him with pistols, firing out all the bullets.One soldier scalped him, another decapitated him, and boiled the meat so he could sell the skull to phrenologists in the east.They dumped the headless body in a ditch, and the official military report said that Hongxiu was shot dead when he tried to escape. After that, according to Connor, the Indians fought furiously and seemed determined to avenge his death by all means in their power. From the mountains of Arizona to Willow Mountain, New Mexico, Cogers and his three hundred warriors began a campaign to drive out the treacherous whites, or to inflict as heavy a loss on the enemy as possible.Victor slightly gathered another group of people, among them the people of the Mesclero tribe who escaped from the circular forest, from the dead pass to the pass, and raided residential areas and passages along the Gran River.This small Apache tribe caused turmoil in the American Southwest for two years.Most of them are only equipped with bows and arrows. The arrows are one-meter-long crisp reed shafts with three arrow feathers at the end of the arrow shafts. The arrowheads are three-centimeter-long, triangular, sharpened quartz stones. They are not strapped or tied up, so you have to be very careful when using them, but as long as the arrowheads hit them, they have the tearing force of a small gun and are deeply embedded in the flesh.The Apaches fought well with the kind of weapons they had, but they were outnumbered a hundred to one, and looking forward, they'd have nothing but death and jail. At the end of the civil war, General Carleton was transferred away, and the US government issued a peace proposal to the Apache people.On Big Leaf (April 21, 1865) Victorio and Nana, the same American representative met in the town of Santa Rita.My people and I want peace, said Victorio, we are tired of war, we are poor, we have nothing to eat and nothing to wear for ourselves and our family.We want to make a peace, a lasting peace, and I have washed my hands and rinsed my mouth with cold water, and I have spoken the truth. You can trust us.What to say. The representative's answer was straightforward: I have not come to beg you for a peace, but to tell you that you go to the reservation in the circular forest and there will be peace. They had heard a lot about the circular forest, and it was all bad news.I don't have a bag for what you said, Na Na's comments are very dry: but these words have penetrated into my heart, and I will never forget them. Victor slightly asked for a two-day delay before he could begin his journey to the reservation; he would gather all the people and horses together, and promised to meet the warden again at Pine Ridge on April 23rd. The warden waited four days at Pine Ridge, and not a single Apache showed up.It would be better for them to face hunger, poverty, and death than to go to that loathsome circular forest.Some drifted south into Mexico, and others went to Longshan to be with Kejieshi.Ke Jieshi was unresponsive to the suggestion of peace, first in Apache Pass, then in the experience of Hongxiu being premeditated to death.During the next five years, the warlike Apaches generally stayed away from American forts and settlements.However, as soon as a ranchman or miner became more and more careless, a raiding party would sweep up, take the horses or cattle, and go on their guerrilla warfare.Before 1870, the raids became more frequent, because the white people only knew Cogers as the famous chief, and he was blamed for the incident wherever it happened. That was why in the spring of 1871, the director of the Indian Bureau eagerly requested Kejies to visit Washington.However, Ke Jieshi does not believe that anything will change, and still cannot trust any representative of the US government.A few weeks later, when he learned what had happened to the Eskiminsing and Areviba tribes at Camp Grant, Kejieshi was even more certain that no Apache should put his life on the line. in the hands of Americans. Eskiminsin and his small tribe of one hundred and fifty lived along the Areviba stream, from which the tribe also took its name.This place was to the north of Cogers' base, between the St. Peter's River and Mount Galileo.Eskiminshin was a short, squat, slightly ring-legged Apache with a handsome face like a mastiff.He can be laid back at times and downright powerful at other times.One day in February 1871, Eskiminsing walked to Camp Grant, a small military camp at the confluence of Areviba Creek and St. Peter River. He heard that the chief officer here, Whiteman The lieutenant, being very friendly, asked to see him. Eskiminshin told Whiteman that his people had no homes and couldn't have one because the blue uniforms kept chasing them and shooting them for nothing but that they were Apaches .He would make peace, settle down, and grow some grain along the Areviba stream. Whiteman asked Eskiminsing why he didn't go to White Mountain, where the government had set up a reservation.The chief replied: That is not my homeland, nor is it the homeland of my people; we live in peace with them (the mountain dog tribe), but we have never mixed together.Our ancestors and their ancestors used to live in the mountains in this area and grow corn in the valley.From generation to generation, taught us to make the staple Meskel (Eskiminsin mentioned, not the alcoholic beverage of the same name, but a roasted agave leaf, sweet and nutritious food, served in the mud pit It is baked in rice. The Mesclelo tribe of the Apache people is named after it.), in summer and winter, this supplementary food is never lacking.There is none in the White Mountains, without which we are sick.Our people stayed in the White Mountains for a while, but they were unwilling, and they all said: Let us go to the Areviba River, make a final peace treaty, and never break it. Lieutenant Whiteman told Eskiminsing that he had no right to make peace with his party, but that if they disarmed he could allow them to remain near the fort as technical prisoners of war until instructions from their superiors .Eskiminshin agreed to this condition, and the Areviba tribe surrendered to a few at a time, surrendered their guns, and some even disposed of their bows and arrows.They built a village a few kilometers up the stream, grew corn, and started roasting meskel.Impressed with their industry, Whiteman hired them to mow the Fort horses and earn some money for supplies.Nearby farmers also hired some people to work.The experiment went so well that by mid-March more than a hundred Apaches, among them some Pinars, had joined Eskiminsin's people, almost every day. At the same time, Whiteman explained the situation, reported it to his superiors, and asked for instructions. By the end of April, his request was returned and he was asked to submit it again in the prescribed form.The lieutenant was disturbed because of the actions of the Apaches of Eskiminsin, for whom he was solely responsible and whose every move had to be closely watched. On April 10, the Apache raided the town of St. Sahur, south of Tucson, and stole livestock and horses.On April 13, four Americans were killed in a raid on the St. Peter's River east of Tucson. In 1871, Tucson was an oasis for more than three thousand gamblers, hoteliers, traders, shippers, miners, and a handful of contractors who made their fortunes during the Civil War and hoped to continue in the Indian Wars. Vote for it.These returning citizens have formed a committee of public safety to protect themselves from Apache attacks; Pursue raiding Indians in distant communities. Even though Camp Grant was 88 kilometers away, it was very unlikely that the Areviba tribe would travel that far to attack, but this judgment was accepted by most of the citizens of Tusun City.Generally speaking, they oppose those administrations that are too peaceful for the Apache people to make a living and work. In this case, there will be less military force, which means that there will be less war money. During the last week or two of April, Oli, a veteran Indian fighter, was beginning to form an expedition to attack the unarmed Areviba tribe near Camp Grant.Six Americans and forty-two Mexicans agreed to take part, but Ole decided that these numbers would not be enough to ensure the success of the battle.They also recruited ninety-two mercenaries from the Bapugo Indians, who were conquered by the Spanish army many years ago, and converted to Christianity by the Spanish priests.On April 28, this well-equipped and powerful group of one hundred and forty people was ready to go out. Lieutenant Whiteman of Grant's Battalion received his first notice of this expedition from a telegram from the small garrison in Tucson, informing him that a large detachment had set out on the 28th, vowing to send Grant's Battalion The Indians in the vicinity were killed.It was already 7:30 am on April 30th when a passer-by delivered this telegram to Whiteman. I immediately sent two interpreters and rode to the Indian camp, and Whiteman reported afterwards: "Go and tell the chiefs what happened, and bring orders for them to move the whole tribe into the fort area for about an hour." About an hour later, my two cavalry came back with the news that they could not find a single living Indian. Barely three hours before Whiteman received the warning message, the Tucson expedition had deployed on the high hills along the creek and along the sandy approach to the village of the Arewiba Tribe, and those on the lowlands were heading towards the Indians first. The huts opened fire, and when the Apaches ran out into the open, rifle fire from the high hills knocked them over.Within half an hour, every single Apache in the camp had either escaped, been captured, or killed.The captives captured were all children, a total of twenty-seven, who were captured by the Bapugo Indians who converted to Christianity, and sent to Mexico to be sold as slaves. When Whiteman arrived, the village was still on fire, with dead bodies and tortured women and children scattered on the ground.I found many women killed, lying beside the bales of hay they had gathered that morning.Those who were injured and could not escape were all beaten with stones and sticks until their brains were split, and some were shot with sharp arrows all over their bodies after being seriously injured by gunshots, and all the corpses were stripped naked. Sergeant Brassley, who went with Lieutenant Whiteman, reported two women who, from their recumbent position, from the appearance of their Shot dead a baby of about ten months was shot twice, and a calf was almost broken. Whiteman was concerned about the Indians who had escaped into the mountains and would blame him for not protecting them.I was thinking that people caring for their dead were, at the very least, evidence of our compassion for them, and this conjecture turned out to be correct, because when we were working, many of them came to the scene and let them indulge their grief In the mass grave (about a hundred bodies) there was an old man and a boy who had grown up and all the rest were women and children .Deaths from injuries and the discovery of bodies listed as missing bring the total number of those killed this time to 144.Eskiminshin did not return, and some Apaches thought he had resolved to fight to avenge the massacre. Our women and children were killed right in front of our eyes. One of the men told Whiteman: I have been powerless to protect them. Most of the Indians in my place have to take knives and wipe their own necks.But after the lieutenant assured that he would never rest until they had justice, the grieving Atanwiba agreed to help rebuild the village and start life from the ground up. Whiteman's indomitable efforts finally brought the murderers in Tucson City to justice.The defendant said that the citizens of Tusun City followed the trail of the murderous Apaches to the village of the Arevibas.Hou Dun, the camp guide of the Grant Camp, testified to the prosecution: I would like to point out that, after my prudent judgment, the first batch of Indians in this barracks never had a raiding team.Similar testimonies were given by Augustine, the barracks trader, Wood, the meat contractor, and Kerners, who carried mail between Fort Grant and Tucson.The trial lasted five days, but the jury deliberated for only nineteen minutes, and their decision was to release the Tucson murderers. As for this Lieutenant Whiteman, because he lost his popularity in order to protect the Apache people and ruined his career in the army, he was tried three times under the absurd charges. Years of service without promotion means resignation. The Camp Grant massacre, however, focused Washington's attention on the Apaches.President Grant called the attack pure and simple premeditated murder, and ordered the War Department and Indian Bureau to take urgent action to make peace in the Southwest. In June, 1871, General Kruger arrived in Tucson and assumed the command of the Arizona Military District.A few weeks later, Corya, a special representative of the Bureau of Indians, arrived at Camp Grant; the two were extremely interested in arranging a meeting with the Apache leaders, especially Kodgers. Kolya first met with Eskiminsin, hoping to persuade him to return to the peaceful line.Eskiminsin came out from the mountains and said he would like to make peace with Commissar Kolya.Perhaps the commissioner thought he would see a big boss, Eskiminsin said this time calmly: but all he saw was a poor man, who didn't seem like a big boss.If the commissioner had seen me three months ago, he would have taken me for the ringleader.At that time, I had many people under my command, but most of them were killed. Now I only have a few people.Even though I have left this place, I am still nearby. I know there are friends here, but I am afraid to come back.I never have much to say but I can say this, I love this place.Everything I should have said has been said, as I have few people anywhere to defend them.If it weren't for the massacre, there would be many, many people here now; but after that massacre, who can bear it?My heart was very big and I was very happy when I made peace with Lieutenant Whiteman.The people of Tulson and St. Sahur must be mad, they act like they have no brains and no heart They must be eager to drink our blood These folks of Tulson say their own thing in the papers, No one in the Apache family can reveal what happened. Kolya promised to report the history of the Apache people to the elders and reveal to the white people that they had never heard of it. Think about it, God must have given you a kind heart to come here to see us, or you must have a good father and mother who raised you with such kindness. is God.Corya said. Yes.Eskiminshin said, but the white people present couldn't tell from the interpreter whether he said affirmative words or a question. The second chief on Kolya's agenda was Delsay of the Apache Fool tribe.He was short and fat, with broad shoulders and thick shoulders, about thirty-five years old, with a silver ring hanging on one ear, with a sinister look, as if he was always in a hurry, and his actions were half-walking and half-running.As early as 1868, Delsay agreed with the Fool tribe to keep the peace, and used Camp McDonnell on the west bank of the Green River as the seat of his tribe's management.Delsey, however, finds the blue soldier too insidious.Once an officer had shot him in the back with a stag gun, for reasons that the chief could not guess; he was quite sure that the battalion medical officer had tried to poison him.After doing this a few times, he stayed far away from Camp McDonwell. In late September, Commissioner Corya arrived at Camp McDonnell, authorized to use troops to open up communications with Delsay.Despite the extensive use of truce flags, smoke signals, and night lights by cavalry and infantry squads, Delsay did not answer until he had sufficiently sounded out the attempts of blue uniforms; at which point he agreed, on October 3, 1871. On the 11th, met with Captain Lutwi in Sunflower Valley.Commissioner Corya was back in Washington for his report, and a copy of Delsay's conversation was passed to him. I will not run up and down the mountains again, said Delsay: I will make a great treaty and make a lasting peace: The sea is dry and the rocks are dead, keep this word forever.However, he would not take the Fools back to Camp McDonnell, it wasn't a good place to be (after all, he was shot and imprisoned there.) The Fools like to live in Close to the Sunflower Valley in the mountains, where they can pick fruit and hunt game.If the big boss of McDonnell's camp doesn't open a management office in the place I'm talking about, he insists on this: I can't do anything anymore, because God made white people, and God made Apaches, and Apaches have As many rights as white people, live in this land.I'm going to make a lasting treaty, so that both sides can travel this country without much trouble; and as soon as the treaty is done, I'm going to put up a paper, so I can roam the country like a white man.I'll lay down a stone and point to the day it melts, that's when the treaty fails. If I make a treaty, I expect to call the boss anytime, and he'll come to see me, and he'll come to me anytime, and I'll do the same.Suppose the treaty is made, and the boss doesn't keep his word to me, I'll put his writing in a hole and cover it up with earth.I promised that once the treaty was made, the white men or soldiers would let all their mules out without a man guarding them, and if one was stolen by the Apaches, I'd wipe my own neck.我要訂一個大條約，倘或美國人破壞了這個條約，我不要再有什麼紕漏了；白人可以走一條路，我走另外一條去告訴麥唐威爾營的大頭目吧，說我要在十二天以內去看他。 柯爾亞到了最接近柯傑士的地方，是新墨西哥州克瑞格堡西南方六十七公里處，印第安人局所建立的一處管理所加拿大亞勒摩沙。他在那裡與柯傑士那一股中的兩個印第安人談話，他們告訴他，大山部落曾經在墨西哥，可是墨西哥政府出了價格，三百塊大洋一張阿帕奇人的頭皮，這一招引起了好多搜索隊伍，在所約拿山攻擊他們。他們就化整為零，逃回到亞利桑那的舊日根據地，柯傑士本人在龍山一帶的什麼地方。 柯爾亞便派了一名傳騎去找柯傑士，可是他剛剛進入亞利桑那地方時，出乎意料竟見到了克魯格將軍，將軍不承認他有權到柯傑士營地去，命令他立刻回新墨西哥。 克魯格要親自緝拿柯傑士，派出五個騎兵連，到大山一帶去搜索他，死活不論。阿帕奇族人給克魯格將軍取的外號是灰狼。柯傑士躲開了灰狼，越過大山進入新墨西哥，派了一名傳令，到聖大非市見佩星酋長格南傑將軍，通知說他要在加拿大亞勒摩沙站，同將軍商談和平。 格南傑坐在一輛六匹騾子拉的救護大車裡，和少數護送的官兵到了，柯傑士正在等著他。初步商談很短，雙方都急於把這件事弄個妥當。對格南傑來說，這是個一舉成名的大好機會，因為他接受了偉大柯傑士的投降。對柯傑士來說，這是走到了盡端啦；他差不多六十歲了，非常疲倦，披肩的頭髮裡，大部份是條條銀絲。 格南傑說的，和平是可以的，只要大山部落同意到一處保留區裡安家落戶。沒有管理員的書面通行證，沒有一個阿帕奇族人可以離開保留區，這位將軍說道：也絕不會以旅行的名義發給准許證，越過邊境而進入老墨西哥。 柯傑士的答覆很沉著，沒有做什麼手勢：在我腦袋瓜裡，太陽一直很熱，使我像火燒一樣；我的血也在焚燒，可是現在我到了這處河谷，喝了這兒的水，在河裡洗了澡，使我涼快了。現在我是冷冷靜靜的到了這裡，向你們張開了兩隻手，要和和平平同你們相處。我說話直通通，不希望騙人，也不希望人家騙我。我要的是好好兒的、很結實的、持久的和平。神造這個世界時，把一部分給了白人，另外一部分給了阿帕奇族人。為什麼這個樣？為什麼他們不在一起？現在我就要說了，太陽啦、月亮啦、大地啦、空氣啦、水啦、鳥獸啦，甚至沒有出世的孩子，都會為我的話而歡歡喜喜。白人找了我好久好久，現在我在這裡了！他們要些什麼？他們找了我好久；為什麼那麼看得起我？如果我值那麼多，為什麼不把我腳站的地方、我吐口水的時間記下來？山狗晚上出動去搶吃、去獵殺；我見不到牠們，我不是神，也不再是所有阿帕奇族人的酋長了。我再也不富足了，只不過是窮人一個。世界並不一直是這樣子的，神造我們不像你們，我們像畜生般生下來，生在乾草上，不像你們般生在床上。這也就是為什麼我們的行動像野獸，在晚上出去，去搶掠、去偷竊。假使我有了你們有的那些東西，我就不會幹現在幹的事兒，因為那時我就用不著了嘛。有好些印第安人不殺、不搶，我並沒有統治他們。如果我指揮，他們不會這麼做了。我手下的戰士死在所約那，我到這裡來，因為神教我這麼做。祂說太太平平是好的所以我就來了！我那時正隨著雲、隨著風，在全世界兜圈圈，神對我的思想說話，告訴我到這裡來，同所有的人保持和平。祂說這個世界是為了我們全體人的；這怎麼會呢？ 我年輕的時候，走遍了這一片地區，東邊、西邊都走到了，除開阿帕奇族以外，沒有見過別的人。經過好幾個夏天以後我再走，發現了另外一族人民，已經來了佔了這一帶。How could this be?為什麼阿帕奇族人在等死呢？他們把自己的命載在手指頭上嗎？他們在山區，在平原到處漫遊，要天掉在他們身上。阿帕奇族人一度是一個很大的民族，現在只不過有少數人了；因為這一點，他們要死去，把自己的命載在自己的手指甲上。很多人已經在打仗時死了。你們一定要坦坦白白說話，所以你們的話才能像太陽光進入我們心裡。tell me!如果聖童女瑪麗曾經走遍天下所有的地方，為什麼她從來沒有走進印第安人的雜棚裡過呢？為什麼我們從沒有見過她、或者聽說過她呢？ 我沒有娘、沒有爹，世界上就只我一個人。沒有一個人照顧柯傑士，這也就是我為什麼不貪生的原因，巴不得大石頭滾落在我身上，把我埋沒起來。倘若我像你們一樣有娘有爹，我會同他們一起，他們也會同我在一起。一旦我周遊世界，他們統統會要找柯傑士。現在他在這兒了你們見到他、聽到他了你們高興嗎？如果高興的話，就這麼說吧。說話吧，美國人和墨西哥人，我不向你們隱藏任何事情，你們也不要向我隱藏些什麼；我不對你們撒謊，你們也不要向我撒謊。 商談進行到大山部落的一處保留區位置時，格南傑說，政府要把管理所從加拿大亞勒摩沙，遷到摩古雲山的脫拉羅沙堡。（在加拿大亞勒摩沙，已經有三百名墨西哥人定居申請了土地所有權。） 我要住在這些山裡，柯傑士提出抗議：我不要到脫拉羅沙堡去，去的地方這麼遠，那邊山上的蒼蠅，連馬眼睛都吃掉，山上住得有惡鬼。我已經喝了這兒的水，它們也使我涼快下來，我不要離開這裡了。 格南傑將軍說，他會盡自己辦得到的，勸說政府讓大山部落住在有清澈、涼水溪澗的加拿大亞勒摩沙。柯傑士也答應，他會要他的族人在那裡與鄰近的墨西哥人和平相處，他也的確遵守了自己的諾言。可是，幾個月以後，政府卻下令要所有的阿帕奇族人，從加拿大亞勒摩沙遷到脫拉羅沙堡去。柯傑士一聽到這個命令，就同他的戰士溜走了；他們化整為零，再度逃向亞利桑那東南部乾燥的岩石山區裡。這一回，柯傑士死心塌地要待在那裡了，灰狼克魯格一定要來追他，就讓他來吧，如果必要的話，柯傑士會用石頭同他打仗；那時，倘若是神的旨意，石頭會落在柯傑士身上把他埋掉。 在採收玉米時（一八七二年九月），從派出的監視哨裡，傳來了報告，說有一小股白人，正接近了柯傑士的根據地。他們坐著一輛小小的軍用篷車，也就是拿來運送傷患的那種車。監視哨報告說紅鬍子湯姆傑飛跟他們在一起，柯傑士沒見著紅鬍子已有好久好久啦。 話得提到以前，柯傑士和紅袖正和藍軍服打仗時，湯姆傑飛包下了波伊堡到土孫市的郵運。阿帕奇族戰士對傑飛和馭夫的襲擊頻仍，他幾幾乎要放棄承包的業務了。有一天，這個紅鬍子的白人，單人獨騎到了柯傑士的營地，他下了馬，解開子彈帶的扣環，槍套連彈帶都遞給大山部落的一個婦女。他一點兒也不在乎，走到柯傑士正坐著的地方，挨著他坐下。經過一段適當的沉默時間以後，傑飛告訴柯傑士，要同他訂一項私人條約，所以他才能運送郵件謀生活。柯傑士很尷尬，他從來不曉得還有這一號兒的白人；除開佩服紅鬍子的勇氣外，他沒有別的辦法；便答應他在郵路上太太平平駕車。傑飛和手下的馭夫便再也沒有遭受過伏擊；以後有好多次，這個紅鬍大漢都到柯傑士營地裡來，他們兩個人一起聊聊，喝喝心跳酒。 柯傑士心裡有了底兒，如果是紅鬍子跟這夥人一起入山，他們準是找他。就打發了弟弟璜安去迎接這些白人：然後把一家人都隱藏起來，一直到他有了把握萬事停當為止，這才和兒子乃傑騎馬下山。他下了馬，擁抱著傑飛，傑飛對旁邊一個風塵僕僕的白鬍子白人用英語說道：這位就是柯傑士。這個白鬍老頭兒上裝的右袖似乎空洞洞的，神色像個老戰士，紅鬍子稱他做將軍，柯傑士一點兒也不意外。這位就是何華。Good morning, sir.柯傑士用西班牙語打招呼，他們便握了握手。 柯傑士的警衛戰士一個個進來，他們排成一個半圓，坐在披毯上，要同這位獨臂白鬍子開會。 將軍能不能解釋這次拜山的目的嗎？柯傑士用阿帕奇語問道，紅鬍子擔任通譯。 大家長格蘭特總統派本人來，締結貴方與白人間的和平。何華將軍說道。 沒有人比我更切望和平的了。柯傑士要他放心。 那麼的話，何華說：我們就可以訂和了。 柯傑士答道，自從在加拿大亞勒摩沙打了一仗以後，大山部落就沒有攻擊過白人。我族裡的馬兒又瘦又少，他補充道：我原可以攻擊土孫市的通路，多抓一些馬匹來，可是我沒有那麼做。 何華提議說，如果大山部落同意遷到格蘭河的一處大保留區裡去，生活得就要好些。 我在那裡待過，柯傑士說道：我喜歡那片地區，我願意去，也願帶了像我一樣的族人去，比沒有和平要好些。可是那麼一搬，我這一族人就會分裂，為什麼不把阿帕奇關給我？把那處地方給我，我就會保護所有的通路，一定不會使任何人的財產被印第安人拿走。 出乎何華意料以外，或許我們可以這麼辦。他說道，然後又指出住在格蘭河上的許多優點。 柯傑士對格蘭河再也沒有什麼興趣。為什麼要把我關進一塊保留區裡？他問道：我們會講和，會信守不渝；但是可得讓我們像美國人一樣自自由由的來來去去，高興上哪兒就上哪兒去呀。 何華想解釋解釋，大山地區並不屬於印第安人，每一個美國人都有一份所有權。為了保持和平。他說道：我們一定要劃定邊界和界限呀。 柯傑士實在不明白，怎麼會能夠在格蘭河和龍山一帶四周設置界限。將軍，你要停留多久？他問道：能不能等到我的頭目們都到達了開會談談？ 我從華府來同各位晤面和談和，何華答道：需要停多久就留多久。 何華將軍是個古古板板的新英格蘭人，西點陸軍官校畢業，格的斯堡一役的英雄，在維吉尼亞州的佳橡一戰中失掉了一條臂膀。他在阿帕奇族營地中停留了十一天，就被柯傑士的禮貌與率直的純樸完完全全吸引了，很喜歡大山部落的婦女和小孩。 我被迫放棄了亞勒摩沙的計畫，他後來寫道：卻照了柯傑士所提議的，把包括了大山一部分、以及在西面相連接的河谷，包括了大硫泉、羅吉牧場在內的一片保留區給了他們。 還有一件事情要解決停當，根據法律，這片新保留區必須派一位白人管理員。對柯傑士來說，這不成其為問題；全大山部落信任的人只有一個白人紅鬍子傑飛。起先傑飛還抗議，他對這一行並沒有經驗；除此以外，薪給又少得可憐。柯傑士卻不肯放讓，一直到後來，傑飛認了，話又得說回來，他這條命，他發的財，都虧了大山部落啦。 運氣不佳的是德爾賽的阿帕奇族傻人部落，和艾斯基明辛的阿瑞維巴部落。 德爾賽向麥唐威營的大頭目提出，如果在向日葵山谷成立一個管理所，便訂立條約，以後就沒有回信。德爾賽認為這是一種拒絕。他曾經說過：上帝造了白人，上帝也造了阿帕奇族人，對這片土地阿帕奇人像白人一樣，有同等的權利。他沒有訂過條約，也沒有接受過文件，所以他可以像白人般走遍全國；因此他和手下的戰士們，像阿帕奇族般走遍天涯。白人可不喜歡這一點，在一八七二年末，灰狼就派了軍隊，在傻人盆地整個搜獵德爾賽和手下的這股戰士。一直到了大葉月（一八七三年四月），才開到了充足的兵力來圍捕德爾賽和傻人部落；他們被團團圍住，槍子兒在他們的婦女、小孩中飛過，除了豎起白旗外，毫無旁的辦法了。 黑鬍子的大兵酋長藍達爾少校，押解了這些傻人部落到白山保留區的阿帕奇堡。在那一陣，灰狼喜歡用大兵酋長當保留區管理員，而不用平民。他們要阿帕奇族人像狗一般佩著金屬牌子，牌子上有號碼，所以任何人要溜出去到傻人盆地，那怕只幾天，也是不可能的事。德爾賽和其他族人越來越想家，想戀他們那樹林繁密、白雪蓋頂的山區。在保留區裡，任是什麼東西從來都不夠吃的，或者去做工的工具他們也同山狗族處得不好，把他們當成是侵入了本族保留區的人。可是缺乏了周遊各地的自由，才老是使傻人部落鬱鬱不樂。 最後，到了成熟月（一八七三年七月），德爾賽決定，他再也受不了在白山的拘禁，有天晚上他就領著族人逃走。為了不使藍軍服又來搜捕，他決定到格蘭河保留區去。那裡負責的管理員是位平民，答應德爾賽說，只要他的族人不惹事生非，傻人部落就可以住在綠河。假如再逃走的話，就會要遭受搜剿、打死。因此，德爾賽和族人就在綠營附近河邊，開始建造一處小農場來。 那年夏天，在聖卡洛斯管理所發生了一次暴動，一名大兵的小酋長（厄密中尉）給殺掉了，阿帕奇族的首領逃走，有一些人就到綠河來，在德爾賽的小農場附近設營。灰狼一聽到了消息，就歸罪德爾賽協助逃犯，向綠營下令，把這位傻人部落酋長加以逮捕。德爾賽事先得到了警告，決定這一回又非逃不可了。他不願失掉剩下來的一點點兒自由，給鐐銬鎖上，關進大兵在峽谷外面所挖的五公尺深、專關印第安犯人用的坑坑裡去。便帶了少數幾名忠心的族人，朝著傻人盆地逃走。 他曉得追緝馬上就會展開，不到追上了自己，灰狼絕不會休息。他和手下族人幾個月都在閃避追騎。到了最後，克魯格將軍斷定，自己不能永遠派了騎兵在傻人盆地來來去去，唯有阿帕奇族人才能找得到德爾賽。因此，這位將軍便宣布懸賞，要德爾賽的首級。一八七四年七月，兩名阿帕奇族的傭兵分別到克魯格的司令部報告，兩個人都獻上一枚傷殘得面目全非的人頭，認定是德爾賽的首級。克魯格說道：兩個人對自己的認定很實在，這使我很滿意，而且多帶一個人頭來不會有差錯，兩個人我都給了賞金啦。 這兩個人頭，連同其他許多被殺的阿帕奇族人，都擺在綠河和聖卡洛斯的操場示眾。 艾斯基明辛和阿瑞維巴部落也發現在和平中生活很艱難。在一八七一年柯爾亞委員來過後，他和族人就在格蘭特營開始了新生活，重建起他們的窩棚，重種他們的五穀田地。然而，正當每一件事情似乎進行得順遂時，美國政府卻決定把格蘭特營往東南遷九十五公里。陸軍部利用這一次搬遷，作為把聖伯多祿河谷中印第安人清除的藉口，把阿瑞維巴部落遷到聖卡洛斯去，那是希那河上的一處新管理所。 一八七三年二月開始遷移，阿瑞維巴部落正開始在聖卡洛斯建築他們的小農場，種植新田地時，就發生了厄密中尉被打死的暴動。這一回，艾斯基明辛和其他的阿瑞維巴人，對這次殺人半點兒都沒有份，可是灰狼為了軍事警戒措施，下令把身為酋長的艾斯基明辛加以逮捕和拘禁起來。 他以犯人的身份一直關到了一八七四年元月四日，這天他越獄逃了，還帶了他的族人從保留區裡逃了出去。在天寒地凍的四個月裡，他們在毫不熟悉的山地裡浪蕩，去找吃的、找躲風避雪的地方。到四月以前，大部份的阿瑞維巴人不是病倒、就是在挨餓。艾斯基明辛為了不使他們死掉，就回到聖卡洛斯管理所去找管理員。 我們沒有做錯半點兒事，他說道：可是我們很害怕，所以就逃走了。現在我們回來了，如果還待在山裡，都會餓死、凍死、病死。假如美國大兵要在這裡打死我們，也都是一樣兒的了，我們不再逃出去啦。 管理員把阿瑞維巴部落回歸往上報告，陸軍部立刻下了命令，把艾斯基明辛和手下的小酋長們加以逮捕，用鐵鏈把腳都拴在一起，這樣一來就逃不掉了，然後把他們當成是戰俘，押運到格蘭特營的新營址去。 我犯了什麼事情啦？大兵酋長前來逮捕時，艾斯基明辛問他。 大兵酋長也說不上，這次逮捕是軍事警戒措施吧。 艾斯基明辛和手下的小酋長們，在格蘭特營的新營地裡，做磚晒乾供營地的新建築物用，依然都用鐵鏈鎖在一起。晚上睡覺時，他們連同鐵鏈一起睡在地上；吃的是阿兵哥拋棄的飯菜。 那年夏天，有一天，一個年輕的白人來看艾斯基明辛，告訴他自己是聖卡洛斯的新管理員克隆。說在聖卡洛斯的阿瑞維巴部落需要這位酋長去領導他們。克隆問道：為什麼你成了犯人嘛？ 我半點事情都沒有犯嘛，艾斯基明辛答道：或許，是白人說我的壞話吧，我自己一向都是要行得正走得直的。 克隆說，如果艾斯基明辛答應幫他的忙，改進聖卡洛斯的情況，他會去安排釋放。 兩個月後，艾斯基明辛又回到了族人一起，又一回看來前途光明啦；可是這位阿瑞維巴部落的酋長很聰明，並不希望得太多。打從白人來了以後，他從來都不敢保險有一處他可以攤開墊毯的地方，任何阿帕奇人的未來都非常不能確定。 一八七四年春天，柯傑士身體虛弱，病勢沉重，大山部落的管理員傑飛，從波伊堡請來一位陸軍醫官，替他的老朋友診斷，可是這位醫官也不能斷定病因何在。他開的藥方對病情並沒有什麼起色，這位阿帕奇族魁梧酋長一身的肌肉開始消瘦下來。 就在這段期間，美國政府決定，把大山部落管理所和新墨西哥的溫泉管理所合併，可以省些錢。官官兒來和柯傑士討論這件事時，他告訴他們說，這種調動對他是沒什麼關係的了，在他能搬家以前人就會死掉。然而，他手下的小酋長和幾個兒子卻強烈反對，宣稱說如果管理所搬走，他們不走。他們說，甚至美國也沒有那麼多的部隊來搬走他們，他們寧願死在山地，也不肯活在溫泉區。 政府官員走了以後，柯傑士人很虛，內臟又極為疼痛。傑飛決定自己騎馬到波伊堡去找那位醫官。他準備走時，柯傑士問道：你想還會見到我活生生的嗎？ 傑飛用親兄弟的坦白答道：不會，我想是不會了。 我曉得自己會在明天早上十點鐘去世，你想我們會不會再見一面？ 傑飛沉寂了一會兒，我說不上，是什麼事使你往這上面想？ 我不知道，柯傑士說道：我心裡不太清楚，不過想到我們將來會見面的，在上面的什麼地方。 傑飛從波伊堡回來，柯傑士已經死了。經過幾天後，這位管理員向大山部落宣佈說，他覺得是自己走的時候了。他們卻不肯，柯傑士的兩個兒子塔沙和乃傑，尤其苦苦要求他留下。他們說，如果紅鬍子甩開了他們，柯傑士和政府所訂的條約，所許下的諾言就毫無價值可言啦，傑飛便答應留了下來。 到一八七五年春天以前，阿帕奇族各部落的大部分，不是限制在保留區裡，便是逃向墨西哥。三月，陸軍部把克魯格將軍從亞利桑那軍區調到普拉特軍區，比阿帕奇族忍受保留區生活更長久的蘇族人和賽安族人，便開始變得難以控制起來。 在阿帕奇族地區的沙漠內、高山上、臺地裡，有了強迫的和平。諷刺的是，它的繼續存在，全靠兩個白人忍耐的努力，他們接受阿帕奇族人，把這些印第安人當成人，而不是當成好殺成性的蠻子，只因為這樣，才得到阿帕奇族人的尊敬。疑神派的湯姆傑飛和荷蘭改革教會的克隆，他們兩個人都是樂觀的人，但他們也聰明得並不寄望太多。因為在西南部的任何白人，如果袒護阿帕奇族人的權利，他的前途和未來就靠不住。