Chapter 8 Chapter Seven: Li Hongzhang in the Sino-Japanese War Era

Li Hongzhang's Lost Opportunity in the Battle of Dadonggou Reasons for the defeat in the Battle of Pyongyang Li Hongzhang's Status and Responsibilities The sprout of China's reformation was born from the Sino-Japanese war, and Li Hongzhang's honorary name was given away since the Sino-Japanese war.What a pity!Li Hongzhang said that in the nineteenth year of Guangxu, seventy years of life was given, and he was sick after a long life, and he was not dead when he was sick. died today.The heavens, why is the person who favored this person so good before, and why is the person who hates this person so cool later?I have written so far, and I can't help but sigh at the waste of the book.

Sino-Japanese War.It originated in North Korea, and the origin of the disaster has to be called Li Hongzhang's diplomatic grudge.North Korea is also a vassal of China.In the first eleven years of Tongzhi, Japan and North Korea violated their promises, and the Japanese sent envoys to ask China, which was a semi-dominant state, and its diplomacy should be governed by the superior country.The Chinese authorities, out of fear of things, gave a general answer: North Korea's state affairs, our dynasty has never heard of it, and it is okay to listen to your country's own theory, so Japan sent envoys to North Korea again, and signed a peace treaty with the dynasty on the first month of the first year of Guangxu. , the first article says: Japan regards Korea as an independent country, which is equal to Japan's own independent country.It is an arrow for Japan to negotiate with North Korea.In the fifth year of Guangxu, Britain, the United States, Germany and France successively sought mutual markets in the court, and the court people were panicked and hesitated.Li Hongzhang persuaded his grand master Li Yuyuan in a secret letter to make a treaty with other countries. His memorial said that he would use this to prepare the imperial Russians to contain Japan and so on.In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, He Ruzhang, the envoy stationed in Japan, wrote a letter to the Prime Minister's Yamen, advocating to preside over the discussion of North Korea's diplomacy, saying that China should have a minister stationed in North Korea.Li Hongzhang said that if the secret is to maintain protection, he still feels that it is easy to advance and retreat. If it is obviously a conspiracy, he may not listen to my words in North Korea, and other countries may only ask me.In October of the eighth year of Guangxu, I read Zhang Peilun's replay, and please send a senior official as the Minister of Commerce and Industry of North Korea to manage its foreign affairs.Hongzhang's replay is also as discussed above.Therefore, Hongzhang has no public law of diplomacy in the subordinate state, and he does not know it well.Since the past, countries have not treated North Korea as Chinese vassals for a long time.In the 11th year of Guangxu, Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi signed a contract in Tianjin, stating that there will be affairs in North Korea in the future. If China and Japan want to send troops there, they must first inform each other.So North Korea seems to be a country under the common protection of China and Japan, the name is strange and incredible.Since then, the two countries have each held their own principles, and the entanglements have been unclear, leading to major quarrels, which are based on fact.And its misfortune had to be said to be the result of a diplomatic legacy. This was the first thing Li Hongzhang missed.

In March of the 20th year of Guangxu, there was a rebellion of the Dongxue Party in North Korea, which was quite rampant.At that time, Yuan Shikai was stationed in North Korea as a business committee member.Shikai, Li Hongzhang's personal, repeatedly called Li, asking to send troops to help the suppression, and encouraged the king to come to beg for teachers.On the first day of May, Hongzhang sent the two navy ships Jiyuan and Yangwei to Seoul, Incheon to protect the merchants, and transferred Zhili admiral Ye Zhichao to lead 1,500 people from Huaiyong to Yashan. While complying with the Treaty of Tianjin, he first sent a note to Japan.Japan immediately sent troops to go.By May 15, 5,000 Japanese soldiers had arrived in Incheon.Han Ting was shocked, and asked China to withdraw its troops first to thank Japan.China did not allow it, but it negotiated back and forth with Japan about the withdrawal of troops together, because the rebellious party had been disbanded by that time.Since Japan launched a heavy army, it advances but never retreats. It proposes to intervene in North Korea's internal affairs with China and help it reform.

This is also the meaning of service in China, which means that there is chaos in the vassal vassals, begging for instructions, and the superior country has the responsibility to deal with the chaos, so China sends troops. Equality, today China is rushing to send troops to replace the country of equality to calm the chaos, its meaning is unpredictable, so it is also true that Japan sent troops to resist.Those in these two countries each insist on one theory, and the other is more suitable for me. They can both hold on to the reason and make sense.However, there are suspicious persons among them. Before sending troops, Yuan Shikai sent repeated telegrams saying that the chaotic party was rampant, and the Han court would never calm down. Afterwards, the king of Han's petition for help was also instructed by Yuan, so why did it start on the first day of May? Soldiers, but on the tenth day of the first day, there was a report of the rebellion?At that time, our army was still on the way, and it had nothing to do with the chaotic party, but the chaos in the court would not wait for the generation to suppress it.There is no waiting to be suppressed, and I send troops for no reason, so I can't move the suspicion of Japan?Therefore, I say that music is in Japan, and Japan does not accept it.The commentator said that Yuan Shikai wanted to use the excuse to invite military exploits, so he made a big fuss about his words, causing such waves, but he did not expect Japan to follow suit.Guoer, with a single thought of selfishness, he poisoned more than a hundred thousand living beings and ruined the state for thousands of years.Yuan Gu can't shirk his responsibility, but those who use Yuan to listen to Yuan, is it the wisdom of the ignorant?This is the second incident of Li Hongzhang's missing plane.

Japan repeatedly proposed to assist and intervene but China refused to comply, and China repeatedly asked to withdraw its troops at the same time but Japan refused.Li Hongzhang and the Prime Minister's Yamen, Fang Ri hoped that Russia and Britain would come out to mediate.Letters and telegrams were pouring in from Beijing, London, and St. Petersburg, and Russia and Britain also entrusted their efforts to reap the benefits of the fishermen.It has been delayed for a long time, and the battle preparation is not ready.By the end of May, more than ten thousand Japanese soldiers had been transferred to Korea.Since the normal military strength is no longer comparable to that of others, the temporary combat readiness is falling behind again and again, so that the enemy can make a brief attack, the host and the guest change positions, and the number of winners and losers is already seen before the battle.This is the third incident of Li Hongzhang's missed opportunity.

The three planes were lost, and the war broke out.On June 12, Li Hongzhang sent to the court to prepare for war.He sent General Wei Rugui to command the Sixth Battalion of Mabu of the Sheng Army to enter Pyongyang, and Admiral Ma Yukun commanded 2,000 Yi troops to enter Yizhou, and then they went ashore from Haidao to Dadonggou.The soldiers dispatched to each place hired three ships from the British merchants to transport them separately, and the two soldiers from Jiyuan and Guangbing took turns to guard them.On the morning of the 23rd, a Japanese ship attacked, and Jiyuan led Fang Boqian. Seeing the enemy approaching, he panicked and hid in the thickest part of the armor. After the Japanese artillery destroyed his rudder, he hung the white flag high and the Japanese flag down, and fled back to Lushun.Gao Sheng was sunk, and more than 700 of our troops died.On the 27th, all countries were notified to order Wang Fengzao, the minister in Japan, to withdraw his flag and return to the country.On the 29th, Asan fell, Ye Zhichao returned to Pyongyang, and reported the victory. He said that on the 25th, 67th, etc., more than 5,000 Japanese soldiers were wiped out one after another. There are dozens of people.Since then, the prestige of the Navy and Huai Army has gradually been lost.

During the fifth and sixth months of the Fang Dynasty, Japanese warships gathered in North Korea, almost like weaving.And all the Chinese ships hid in Weihaiwei, on the Xiaoyao River.When I went to the Beijing Diplomatic Chapter to participate in the impeachment, I began to pretend to send a partial teacher. I opened the exit, or stopped at thirty li, or fifty li. It is said that a certain ship patrolled to a certain place, but there was no trace of Japanese soldiers.All kinds of situations are ridiculous.In the first ten days of August, Beiyang was connected to the military power, and the division was invited to show its prestige.So five China Merchants ships were used to carry soldiers and silver rice, escorted by naval warships.There are six armored ships, six cruisers each, and four mine ships, traveling together in a team.On the Mid-Autumn Festival, An arrived at the mouth of the Yalu River.The drums of the five transport ships went straight in, and the shallow water warships and mine boats accompanied them. The remaining ships were stationed ten or sixteen miles away from the river.The coal in the furnace was not extinguished. On the morning of the sixteenth, when I saw black smoke in the south, I knew that the Japanese ship was approaching.Ding Ruchang, the admiral of the Navy, sent an order to line up in the shape of a herringbone. The two iron ships of Zhenyuan and Dingyuan are the first of the characters. Jingyuan, Laiyuan, Huaiyuan, Jingyuan, Zhiyuan, Jiyuan, Chaoyong, Yangwei, Guangjia, and Guangbing As well as the mine boat, the two wings of the Chinese characters are spread, and the flag is used to call all the warships in the Yalu River to help the battle.However, the enemy ships approached gradually, forming a line battalion, and pounced on the Chinese army. There were eleven ships in total, and the speed of their cruisers was faster than that of the Chinese army.In a blink of an eye, it becomes a Tai Chi array, with herringbone wrapped in it.The Chinese ship first fired its giant cannon to demonstrate, but it was not suitable for being nine miles away from the Japanese ship.The sound of the cannons continued, and the enemy ships approached, and the distance between Dingyuan and Zhenyuan was about six miles. They were afraid of heavy armor and avoided heavy artillery, and the power of the Chinese artillery was beyond the reach, and the bullets of the Japanese soldiers were already within reach.It is closer to the second ship at the end of the herringbone formation, the bullying gun is slightly smaller and the armor is slightly thinner.After a while, the Japanese ships circled into the herringbone formation, and the three ships Zhiyuan, Jingyuan, and Jiyuan were all dug out of the circle.After Zhiyuan lost his group, the ship was seriously injured and was about to drown. He led Deng Shichang, turned on the steam engine, and flew towards the Japanese ship, about to collide with it and sink together. Martyrdom.Covering the entire campaign between China and Japan, Deng Jun was the most violent among those who died.At the same time, it was surrounded by Jingyuan, and just after the boats left, the fire broke out suddenly. Guan led Lin Yongsheng, fired cannons to attack the enemy, and stimulated water to put out the fire, but he was still in order.When they met the Japanese ship, they seemed to have been injured, so they chased after it with a drum wheel, but they were repelled by the discharge of water mines.Woo hoo miserable.As far as Fang Boqian, who was in charge of Jiyuan, escorted Gaosheng to Yashan in July, and was also the one who escaped back to Lushun by a Japanese ship on the way.It was just after the two battles of the day, Fang Boqian first hung the flag that his ship had been seriously injured, to sue the general, but because he wanted to escape, he was also rowed out of the circle by the Japanese ship.Zhi and two boats fought hard against the Japanese, but Fang Boqian ignored him like a stray dog, so he strayed into the shallow water, where the iron armor ran aground and could not turn.Yangwei suffered from this rebellion, and more than 150 people died.Fang Boqian was terrified and fled into Lushun's mouth.The next day, Li Hongzhang ordered Fu Boqian's army to rectify Fayun.Simultaneously, following Fang Boqian's example, there was a ship named Guangjia, which escaped from the formation. It is not known whether it was injured or not.From Jingyuan, Zhiyuan, Yangwei, Chaoyongshen, Jiyuan and Guangjia fled, there were only seven Japanese supporters.In the battle, although the Japanese ships were seriously injured or slightly damaged, not a single ship was lost, while the loss of the Chinese army covered five ships.

The navy was destroyed in Dadonggou, and the army was also destroyed in Pyongyang at the same time.Pyongyang is an important town in North Korea. It is surrounded by big rivers on three sides from southwest to east, and on the north side is the Sung Mountain.The six generals of our army, Ye Zhichao, Nie Guilin, Feng Sheng'a, Zuo Baogui, Wei Rugui, and Ma Yukun, commanded the 34th Battalion of Yongding. Since the middle of July, all of them are Li Hongzhang's subordinates.When China first sent troops to Asan, Vice Admiral Nie Shicheng once suggested that, before the Japanese soldiers entered Korea, they should first cross the Yalu River with large soldiers and occupy Pyongyang quickly, and then use the naval fleet to block the port of Incheon, so that Japanese warships would not be able to move. succeed.Asan Chenghuan's soldiers, together with the Beiyang Navy, not only restrained the Japanese army, but also attacked Hancheng with the Pyongyang army in the south.Li Hongzhang can't use it.And on July 29th, Yashan was defeated, and this strategy was abolished.

Although, the Japanese soldiers entered Korea at the time when the heat was hot and the gold was hot.The road is dangerous and narrow, the march is very difficult and dangerous, and the villages along the way are poor, and there is no way to get food.The Koreans have always been intimidating, and what they supply, they respond to the movement of the clouds, but they treat the Japanese soldiers in the opposite way.Therefore, when the enemy army attacked Pyongyang, they had nothing to eat except dry food, and provided them with a spoonful of salt for several days.At this time, if our army knows how to fight, take advantage of its exhaustion, and send out surprise soldiers to meet the attack, we will surely win.But we can't plan this, but take the strategy of treating the host and the guests with ease and waiting for the labor, relying on the strength of the Pyongyang fortress, saying that we can defend the enemy.Li Hongzhang issued an order on August 14, and the spirit was all about defending the situation rather than fighting the situation.The whole campaign between China and Japan was caused by this spirit.

At that time, according to Li Hongzhang's deployment, Ma Yukun led the Fourth Battalion of the Yi Army under his command to go around the east of the Yangtze River, forming a corner.The 18th Battalion of the Second Army of Wei and Feng was stationed on the south bank of the city, the Sixth Battalion of the Zuo Army guarded the city of Beishan, and the commanders of Ye and Nie lived in the city.On the 12th, 3rd, and 4th days, Japanese soldiers have gathered near Pyongyang one after another.Challenge each other and not hurt each other much.By the evening of the 15th, the enemy's deployment had been decided. The right wing team would sink into the fort in the bridge on the left bank of the Datong River, and then cross the river to attack the front of Pyongyang. Jiang, rushed to the right of our army.On the 16th, a fierce battle was fought with the Ma Jun on the bank of the Datong River. The enemy suffered many casualties, and the fort soldiers were trapped.At that time, Zuo Baogui retreated to Mudantai. There were seven-shot Mausers and fast cannons.At half past four in the afternoon, Ye Zhichao hurriedly hoisted a white flag, begging for the war to stop.At that night, the whole division ran away one after another, and intercepted and killed the enemy soldiers from Yizhou and Zengshan. More than 2,000 people died, and Pyongyang fell.

As for the service, the soldiers Li Hongzhang has trained for more than 20 years, those who boast of being a strong army, are almost exhausted.The relaxation of China's armaments has long been known to foreign countries.The Duhuai Army, Fengjun, Zhengding Lianjun, etc. used foreign exercises all the time, and Hongzhang managed them painstakingly. Therefore, Japan frightened their prestige and feared them.After the victory, the generals still said that it was not what they wanted.The reason for its defeat is that the generals are too many to be human, and the worst is Wei Rugui who withholds the army's salary and flees before the battle, like Ye Zhichao pretending to be defeated as a victor, deceiving the king to invite rewards. Andrew is undefeated.One is commanded by six people, all of whom have equal official positions and authority, and there is no one to control them, so the army is scattered and the response is not effective.This battle was the beginning of Li Hongzhang's defeat, and the reputation of the Huai army was wiped out from then on. The army that has been trained for a long time is still fuer, and other recruits who are hastily recruited, who are not well-versed in discipline and lack of equipment, are not worth mentioning.Since the defeat in Pyongyang, the temple's fortunes have become increasingly uncertain, and Li Hongzhang's military responsibility is not exclusive to Li Hongzhang, so I will not describe it in detail here, but only list the important ones of his generals as follows: 1. The Manchurian cavalry of General Yiketang A Fengtian was sent as the imperial envoy in August of the 20th year of Guangxu. 2. Admiral Song Qing sent the new recruits to send the president to the enemy's army in the 20th year of Guangxu. 3. Wu Dacheng, the governor of Hunan Province, was sent as the assistant minister of military affairs in December of the 20th year of Guangxu. 4. Liu Kun, the governor of Liangjiang and the Hunan Army, was sent as the imperial envoy in December of the 20th year of Guangxu. The rest who joined the army successively included Chengengong Guixiang (the younger brother of Empress Dowager Cixi), the deputy governor Hideyoshi's Shenji battalion horse infantry; Compilation Zeng Guangjun, General Yu Huen, Admiral Xiong Tiesheng and other Hunan Army; Inspector Zhou Fu, Admiral Zong Desheng and other Huai Army; Deputy General Wu Yuankai and Hubei Army; Admiral Feng Zicai and Yueyong; Wang Hami's returning soldiers; Admiral Shan Diankui's newly recruited Beijing soldiers; Admiral Ding Huai's Miao soldiers; Minister Wang Wenjin and Admiral Cao Kezhong's Jinsheng army who were ordered to train; Mongolian soldiers led by a certain Mongolian.During this period, it was either controlled by Li Hongzhang, or by Ketanga, or by Song Qing, or by Wu Dacheng, or by Liu Kun, without any fixed calculation or unity.Those who know have long known that they are incompetent. Jiulian City is lost, Phoenix City is lost, Jinzhou is lost, Dalian Bay is lost, Xiuyan is lost, Haicheng is lost, Lushunkou is lost, Gaiping is lost, Yingkou is lost, Dengzhou is lost, Rongcheng is lost, Weihaiwei is lost, Liugong Island is lost In the end, Ding Ruchang, the admiral of the navy, surrendered the defeated warships in Beiyang to Japan, and China's coastal defense forces were exhausted.Please list again the navy that Li Hongzhang paid the most attention to in his life, so as to express his sense of doom: An ironclad ship sank in the Yellow Sea Zhiyuan armored ship sank in the Yellow Sea The super brave steel armored ship sank in the Yellow Sea Yangwei Steel Armored Ship Fires the Yellow Sea Jieshun mine boat seizes Dalian Bay Lost mine ship sank outside Lushun mouth Caojiang wooden gunboat captures Fengdao Laiyuan Ironclad Ship Shen Weihaiwei Weiyuan training ship sinks Weihaiwei Longfu mine boat seized Liugong Island Jingyuan steel armored ship sank off Liugong Island Dingyuan Ironclad Ship Landed in Liugong Island Zhenyuan Ironclad Ship Landed in Liugong Island Pingyuan steel armored ship lands in Liugong Island Jiyuan steel armored ship lands in Liugong Island Weiyuan wooden boat lands in Liugong Island In addition, there are small wooden warships from Kangji and Meiyun, four mosquito boats from Zhenbei, Zhenbian, Zhenxi, and Zhenzhong, five mine boats, and three gun boats. There are twenty-three ships of different sizes, all of which are available daily.Among them are the three ships of Guangjia, Guangbing, and Guangyi of the Guangdong Navy, which either sank or sank.Since then, the sound of China's sails and shadow wheels has almost disappeared in the thousands of miles of Beiyang sea. During the war between China and Japan, Li Hongzhang regarded his body as the target of all arrows, with almost no skin on his body, and everyone wanted to kill him.In all fairness, Li Hongzhang sincerely has some people who cannot absolve himself of the blame. At the beginning, he mistakenly persuaded North Korea to make a contract with a foreign country, which is ignorant of public law. 2. Since Japan has always moved forward and never retreated in its military deployment, it does not recognize the opportunity and wants to rely on the mediation of other countries, causing delays. Thirdly, Nie Shicheng, please take advantage of the time when the Japanese army is not concentrated, and directly attack Hancheng to control the enemy. But it can’t be used, blame four; before the Koryo incident, Ding Ruchang asked the Beiyang Navy to attack the enemy’s ships first, but it couldn’t be used, so he ordered the enemy to be the main force. The enemy is bigger and we are more dangerous. Thinking that the way of diplomacy should be yours, but not knowing that in the fifth and sixth months of Jiawu, China and Japan would have already become enemies instead of friendly countries. It is not enough to fight against Japan, so I am afraid of making trouble.Although, I have been in the Beiyang army for 20 years, why can't I fight?Blame six; he will explain himself and say: the government is constrained and funds are insufficient.Although, this is nothing more than to expand one's ears. Why do those who have it, such as Ye Zhichao and Wei Rugui's armies, are famous for their long-term training, but they are also weak, and they reduce their rations and steal civilian women? And there is no discipline, blame seven; guns are bitter, bullets or fakes, bullets are wrong, medicine does not follow the weapon, it is said that the people in charge of the ordnance bureau in the past were clean and honest, who can believe it, blame eight; the battle of Pyongyang, There is no commander in the army, which is a taboo for military strategists. Li Nai is guilty of it, and the nine are to blame. Natural dangers, Westerners say that hundreds of soldiers are guarding it, there is not enough food, and it cannot be broken in three years.All of these can be Li Hongzhang's sinners.If after the ninth and tenth month of Jiawu, a group of blind people will bark wildly, build houses and plots, and if the order does not come from one person, then the blame cannot be attributed to one point.If you think that Li Hongzhang is to blame, Li Gu will not accept it. And it's just not to accept it. I see that those who blame Li for committing Li's crimes can be blamed and sinned, and they are even worse than Li.It goes without saying that there is not a single general who does not disgrace the country.However, compared with the distance between a hundred steps and fifty steps, the navy is superior to the army, and the army under Li Hongzhang is also superior to other armies.In the battle of the Navy's Dadonggou, the two battled fiercely for more than five o'clock, and the Westerners who watched the battle were full of praise.Although there are scum like Fang Boqian among them (or it is said that Boqian is really saving the fire and protecting the ship. The navy's military machine is the same.), but the fighters of the remaining ships can definitely pay each other, even if the enemy army also pays respect.Therefore, Japan is a slave, but the navy has opponents, but the army has no opponents.And in the battle of Liugong Island, all food and aid were exhausted, all the souls were sacrificed to surrender the enemy, and the whole festival was used to cover the victims before and after. There is the concept of a man, and a gentleman will take care of it.All of them are the most important figures in the Beiyang Navy, and the Army can't bear to say what it is to see the Army as completely heartless.However, in the Battle of Pyongyang, there was still a one- or two-day dramatic battle between Zuo Baogui and Ma Yukun. They were also under Li Hongzhang's subordinates, and the enemy troops were killed and injured equally.Yun later wanted to restore Jinzhou, Haicheng, Fenghuang City, etc., and defend Gaiping. He had fought hard with Japan several times before and after. It is also Li Hongzhang's old department.It is definitely not enough to pay for the crimes of Ye Zhichao, Wei Rugui, Huang Shilin, Zhao Huaiye, Gong Zhaoyu and others.Although, compared with Wu Dacheng's persuasion notice, what about the collapse of the whole army without a confrontation?What about Liu Kunyi who was ordered to conscript and stay for several months without sending out?That is why it is all right to say that all Chinese military families are corrupt, but it is not permissible to attribute the blame to Li Hongzhang's Huai army.At that time, Yingting was full of arrogance, if he thought that if he killed Li Hongzhang, everything would be over, and he was led by E Guanbo, who pointed out that the sky and the earth, he could swallow the East China Sea with anger, shake the three mountains with his tongue, the arrogance of the Gaixiang people is especially loud .This is the origin of the discussion of the Hunan Army.But looking at its ending, it's not just that it can't beat the Huai army, but it's even worse.Hee can be ashamed.When I say this, I don't want to make an injustice for the Huai army and Li Hongzhang.In the war between China and Japan, I can never forgive Li Huai. However, the villain is a vain and arrogant person who has no responsibility. He stands behind others and thinks about his short and long. Dao, this generation is actually a sharp weapon for the subjugation of the country.Li Gu can be blamed, but how can the other generation blame Li's people? It is also a battle, Li Hongzhang said that there are many people who lose the opportunity, even if they do not lose the opportunity, there is no reason to be lucky.Since the second half of the nineteenth century, the outcome of wars between countries can be decided before the war.Why?The more civilized the world fortune is, the more certain the rule of winners and losers will be.The place of strength is the place of victory, and there is nothing that cannot be borrowed.Regardless of politics, academics and business, everything is the same, and military affairs are one of them.Over the past 30 years, Japan has deliberately managed and worked together to form a force of restraint and death, and it is all about me. How dare you dare to be self-confident?Therefore, it is a fool to know the reason for its failure after its failure, or it is a dead person to be too defeated and still not know the reason for its failure.However, it is only a crime against Li Hongzhang, so why not? Some commentators in Western News said: Japan is not at war with China, it is actually at war with Li Hongzhang alone.Although his words are a little too far, they are also close.It doesn't matter that the big officials of the provinces only know that Huajiang is self-defense, and they regard this matter as a private matter of Zhili and Manchuria. Is there anyone who raises a salary for a brigade to meet the emergency?That is, it is just empty words.Even the most ridiculous thing is that in the battle of landing the ship on Liugong Island, the parties involved wrote to the Japanese army, begging to release the Guangbing ship. The book stated that the ship belonged to Guangdong, and this battle had nothing to do with Guangdong.Those who hear it from all over the world laugh at it, but they don't know that this word actually represents the thinking of the ministers of the provinces and borders.If so, Japan really fought Li Hongzhang alone.Fighting against a country with one person, Hefei Hefei, even if it is defeated, it is a hero! Since then, Li Hongzhang's military reputation ended, but diplomatic difficulties began.