Chapter 6 (Part 6) Cao Cao

Cao Cao, who has been smeared with heavy makeup in novels and stories, should return to the official history, and it is even necessary to clean it up again.Cao Cao was originally a passionate person, perhaps in order to have many talents, he suppressed his emotions. [There are already too many Confucians! 】 The Han Dynasty died because of Confucianism.It was the same in the former Han Dynasty, and it is the same in the later Han Dynasty. Emperor Xuan, the famous emperor of the former Han Dynasty, once said that the combination of kingly and domineering is the rule of the Han family.The kingly way is the idealism of Confucianism, and the overbearing is nothing but the realism of the Legalists.

The so-called legalists are schools that advocate that politics should be based on law.A lot of legalist works have been lost, and the extant works are represented by "Han Feizi", "Shang Jun Shu" and "Guan Zi".In terms of emphasizing reality, military strategists such as Sun Tzu and Wu Zi are also similar to them, so they can also be included in the Legalists. Cao Cao, the legalist monster, just reflected the situation of the Han Dynasty that died because of Confucianism. Emperor Xuan's son Yuandi, as commented in the "Book of Han", was constrained by the meaning of the text and caused his father's career to decline.He has a broad personality, and he has been playing well in politics, failing to make a decisive decision, allowing his relatives and eunuchs to be arbitrary.From the standpoint of Confucian ideal agrarianism, he originally wanted to stop the monetary economy that was beneficial to merchants, but the primitive economy of bartering would of course lead to the decline of people's livelihood, so it was ultimately unfeasible.

The "Book of Rites" records seven temples for the son of heaven, but at that time the Han royal family had nine temples.In order to comply with ancient rituals, two temples had to be abolished, but which two temples should be abolished is said to be the biggest political issue when Emperor Yuan ruled the world.Although the famine continued, the issue of the ancestral temple was actually more important than solving the famine issue, but this was limited by the meaning of the text. Chengdi, the son of Emperor Yuan, reigned for twenty-six years, but the "Hanshu" rated it as:

The world is peaceful, and the upper and lower are in harmony.However, he is good at wine and sex, the Zhao family is in chaos, and the outside family is good at court. The Zhao family is Zhao Feiyan, who is said to be a peerless beauty with a light body and a weak waist.The standard of beauty varies from time to time. The beauties in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were as plump as Yang Guifei and the three-color female figurines; and the era when Zhao Feiyan, who is light and thin, who is said to be able to dance on the palm, is regarded as a beauty, may be the era of beauty. Weakness of the country!

Aidi after Chengdi was famously gay.He appointed the twenty-two-year-old Dong Xian as Da Sima, the highest position in the country, because Dong Xian was his lover.Although the symptoms of the final stage had already appeared in the Han Dynasty, the reason for the decline was that after the Yuan Emperor, he emphasized Confucianism too much and did not adopt a strict rule of law. Wang Mang, a relative of the Yuan Emperor, destroyed the Han and established a new dynasty. He also flaunted Confucianism, but he fell in just fifteen years. Confucianism tends to favor the past and despise the present.Confucius also often said that the time of Duke Zhou in ancient times was very good, but today (the Spring and Autumn Period) is not good.Wang Mang wanted to be loyal to Confucianism and adopted a retro-style policy, which resulted in political chaos in vain.He eagerly changed the names of official positions to the Zhou system and changed the names of places. At the same time, he ignored the reality and wanted to restore the well field system of the Zhou Dynasty. As a result, he fell into the political rut of formalism hopelessly.It is a miracle that the new dynasty can last for fifteen years.

Wang Mang is a usurper. In Confucian ethics, this is an act of treason and immorality.Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty rose to revive the Han Dynasty, and the history of the Later Han Dynasty began.In order to avoid the appearance of a second Wang Mang, this dynasty also emphasized Confucianism. Confucianism has many faces.Confucianism with filial piety as the greatest virtue, of course, has a strong familism.It is inevitable from the perspective of familism that the relatives are capable.As for the disadvantages of eunuchs, the root cause can also be said to stem from familism.Eunuchs are nothing but domestic servants, that is, domestic slaves.Only because of the emphasis on the family, the domestic slaves who are proficient in housework have power.

But from the standpoint of Confucianism, it also has an ideal side of governing the country and the world, so the protagonist should be a scholar-bureaucrat.For foreign relatives and eunuchs, scholar-bureaucrats have a strong hostility.Especially with the eunuch is incompatible.Foreign relatives are probably still of the scholar-bureaucrat class, but eunuchs are not. The later Han Dynasty was exhausted by the battle between Qingliu and Zhuoliu.Qingliu is what the scholar-bureaucrats call themselves, and Zhuoliu is what the scholar-bureaucrats refer to as eunuchs. The eunuchs once oppressed the scholar-bureaucrats, that is, the prison of the party. The scholar-bureaucrats launched a counterattack in the sixth year of Zhongping (AD 189), and Yuan Shao killed all the eunuchs.The Three Kingdoms turmoil can be said to have started from this time.

In any case, its roots lie in Confucianism.Confucianism is multifaceted. There are too many Confucians! Of course, some people analyze the status quo in this way.If there are already many Confucianism, is it the law that is opposite to it that can save the era?People with a keen sense of history must think so. The protagonists of the Three Kingdoms era, Cao Cao of Wei and his staff officer Sima Zhongda, as well as Liu Bei of Shu and his prime minister Zhuge Kongming, were also members of the Legalist system.Liu Bei asked his son Liu Chan to read "Book of Shang Jun" in his last words.This book is an important work of the Legalists.Zhuge Kongming weeping and beheading Ma Di, if viewed from the legalist spirit, is a natural behavior.

In the era when Confucianism was helpless, the world turned its expectant eyes to Legalism, so there were many talents in Legalism.Among them, Cao Cao was the one who most thoroughly implemented the spirit of Legalism. Although Cao Cao's father had served as a Taiwei, he was not strictly a scholar-official class.However, he had a deep connection with the eunuch, whom the scholar-bureaucrat class cast aside. Grandfather Cao Teng was Da Changqiu (the head of the queen's attendant), a knighted eunuch.Eunuchs have lost their masculine functions, so of course they cannot have children, but they can adopt sons to inherit the title.Therefore, Cao Teng wanted to come to Song, the son of Xiahou's family, as his adopted son.

Although Cao Song is the adopted son of an eunuch, he is not an eunuch himself, but a nobleman who inherited the title of Marquis of Feiting.Cao Song successively served as Sili Xiaowei (in charge of the officials of the capital and the discipline of the Jifu area), Da Si Nong (in charge of the country's financial revenue and expenditure), Da Honglu (in charge of the chant of the ritual ceremony), and finally as a Taiwei.Taiwei is the highest position in the national defense unit and one of the three officials, so he is also a prime minister-level official. Although Cao Cao was the son of Cao Song who had this glorious experience, his grandfather was a great eunuch, so he could not help being scorned by the scholar-official class.Sensitive Cao Cao noticed this situation.

what the hell! He may have grown up in this kind of resistance! [Less vigilance, more power] Taizu (Cao Cao) was less alert and powerful, while Ren Xia was dissolute and dead. "Three Kingdoms.It is recorded in "Wu Di Ji". In the later Han Dynasty, which valued Confucianism, in order to gain recognition in the officialdom, one had to be cautious.Moreover, in the scholar-official class, if you are a man, you have no place to stand in this era except officialdom.If Cao Cao was born in the Taiping era, it would be difficult for him to achieve great achievements in the post-Han officialdom.He might be seen as surly and relegated to the ranks, and live a life of resentment and discontent. In the seventh year of Guanghe (184 A.D., the yuan was changed to Zhongping in December), the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out. Cao Cao, 30 years old, set off as a cavalry captain (cavalry captain). After the rebellion, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of Jinan.The country is the county where the royal family is enfeoffed.The chief of the county is the prefect, but the royal family of the lord of a country is only in name, so the prime minister is the actual chief.In this way, Cao Cao was promoted to the prefect of the county. There are more than a dozen counties in Jinan, and the county magistrates (magistrates in large counties and magistrates in small counties) fawn on local power, and the situation of dereliction of duty is very serious.After Cao Cao took office, he dismissed eight officers.Sure enough, there is a style of Legalism. Then, Cao Cao banned prostitution. Confucianism has a so-called respect for ghosts and gods, and they do not interfere with folk beliefs.However, if the Legalists judged it to be a superstitious cult, they would suppress it mercilessly, because they were afraid that the prostitution would cause loss of private property.There are more than 600 shrines built in Jinan. If sacrifices are excessively wasted, the common people will become poor.Cao Cao destroyed all the temples and prohibited officials and people from offering sacrifices.Confucian officials probably would not have taken such a decisive move. Soon after, Cao Cao was appointed as the prefect of Dongjun, but he returned home due to illness. Although the court officials and nobles gave him a chance, Cao Cao judged that if he held an important position, he would not be able to speak with these people, and his family and relatives might be affected.It can be said that he chose to withdraw from politics in order to protect himself, which is somewhat Confucian.However, if it is an ordinary Confucianism, maybe it will consider making some kind of compromise with the powerful officials and nobles! In the sixth year of Zhongping (189 A.D.), Emperor Ling died. He Jin's revolt against the eunuchs failed, but Yuan Shao took the opportunity to kill all the eunuchs.Dong Zhuo, who was recruited by He Jin, entered Luoyang to stand up as the emperor, and the battle for hegemony kicked off. Dong Zhuo intends to appoint Cao Cao as Xiaoqi Xiaowei (Captain of the Guards Cavalry).If Cao Cao accepted it, he would become a member of Dong Zhuo's disciple party.The later Han Dynasty was also an era when parties were prevalent. Once you become a party member, it will be difficult to leave in the future. Cao Cao declined the appointment with the calm observation of a first-class Legalist.Not joining Dong Zhuo's party is tantamount to expressing an anti-Dong Zhuo position.So Cao Cao had to flee. The following year, the anti-Dong coalition army rose, and Cao Cao joined immediately.The commander of the combined army was Yuan Shao, but the generals were only in the same position against Dong Zhuo, and they were not members of the same party.Various forces began to separate and reunite, and then gradually formed three forces.By the time of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao became the leader of the most powerful group among them. Dong Zhuo committed suicide in Chang'an. After Cao Cao wiped out the strongest enemy Yuan Shao's clan, he divided the world with Sun Quan of Wu and Liu Bei of Shu and kept one of them.Although the world is divided into three parts, Cao Cao occupies 80% of the world's troops, thus forming a situation where one is strong and the other is weak.In fact, it can be said that the two weak ones joined forces to use the terrain to resist the strong one. Although Cao Cao did not realize his wish during his lifetime, when it came to his successor, Shu surrendered first, and soon Wu also surrendered, and the world was unified. The source of power for the unification of the world is Cao Cao. Cao Cao has Legalism in his bones. In the story of the Three Kingdoms, Wei who usurped Han is the villain.Emperor Wen of Wei (Cao Pi), who accepted the abdication of Emperor Xian of the Later Han Dynasty and founded the dynasty, was the son of Cao Cao.Although Cao Cao was an extremely human minister, he never usurped the throne until his death.He was called Wei Taizu or Wei Wudi, but this was only a posthumous title given by his descendants after his death. In order to match the role of the villain in the story, many later generations deliberately fabricated stories, many of which are very suspicious of authenticity. For example, the official history "Three Kingdoms" only records the passage of refusing Dong Zhuo's appointment and fleeing Luoyang: Taizu changed his name and traveled (copied a small road) to return to the east. However, the "Book of Wei" (written by Wang Shen) contains the following story: Passed by the old man Chenggao Lu Boshe; Boshe was not there, his son and the guests robbed Taizu together, took horses and things, Taizu killed several people with a sword. This story in Shishuoxinyu becomes: When Boshe went out, his five sons were all present, preparing guests and officiates.Suspecting his intentions, Taizu killed eight people at night with a sword in his hand and left. In addition, in Sun Sheng's "Miscellaneous Notes", it is recorded: When Taizu heard the sound of his food utensils, he thought it was for himself, so he killed him at night. In the best-selling "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", it is written that Cao Cao heard the sound of sharpening a kitchen knife while cooking at Lu Boshe's house, and thought that instead of being killed, it would be better to kill the family first, and took Lu Boshe who met on the way. Boshe also killed him.This paragraph in "Three Kingdoms" written by Eiji Yoshikawa was written based on "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". This is probably in order to cooperate with Cao Cao's treachery, and adapt the self-defense incident that occurred during the escape into a story! 【Only its talent】 Cao Cao, who has been smeared with heavy make-up in novels and stories, should return to the official history, and it is even necessary to cleanse it again through the poems he left behind. The reason why Wei became the final winner, I think, is that Cao Cao used talents properly.He seems to have the ability to distinguish; but as mentioned earlier, he was born in the middle class, and he was not dazzled by the title. To match his villainous image, Cao Cao is often portrayed as a cruel man. Once, when the food for the army was insufficient, Cao Cao discussed with the general who led the army and reduced the size of the dendrobium (the name of the measuring device, ten buckets are one dendrobium in ancient times) to barely pass the time.But at this moment, the army's morale was unstable due to the matter of soldiers and rations.Cao Cao beheaded the general and announced: "This man shrunk the Dendrobium and stole official rice."Just cleaned up the situation. This story can be found in "Cao Man Biography".Hidden is Cao Cao's childhood name. Chen Shou, the author of the official history "Three Kingdoms", was a survivor of the Shu Han Dynasty, and "Cao Man Biography" was written by Wu people, so Cao Cao is mainly depicted through the people in the former enemy camp.It is only natural that these descriptions do not have good intentions. Because he is a hero who wins in troubled times, he also has cruel behaviors.Cao Cao's father was killed on the way to Xuzhou in order to avoid the war, and his property was robbed.Although this was done by thieves, Cao Cao massacred the residents where he passed when he was fighting Tao Qian in Xuzhou. This incident is recorded in official history, so it should be true.This can be said to be the biggest stain in Cao Cao's life.It can be seen that the killing of his father made him extremely angry. In addition to this Xuzhou incident, Cao Cao's deeds have many examples of tolerance.Especially for talented people, he is obviously very polite. When Cao Cao was the governor of Yanzhou, he appointed a man named Bi Chen as Bie Jia (prosecutor).However, when Zhang Miao rebelled against Cao Cao, he took Bi Chen's family as hostages.Cao Cao said to Bi Chen: Qing's mother is there, so she can go. Bi Chen said: I have no second thoughts, and I will not join the rebels.In the end, he still voted for Zhang Miao.During the chaos, Bi Chen was arrested.He once said he couldn't go, but after all he turned to the enemy, so everyone thought he was in a terrible situation.Unexpectedly, Cao Cao said: A lady who is filial to her relatives is not also loyal to the king!What I want is also. Not only pardoned him, but also promoted him to Lu Xiang. Cao Cao once saw a man named Wei Zhong who joined the enemy camp during the Yanzhou rebellion.Cao Cao was furious and said: As long as the South does not escape Yue and the North does not escape Hu, I will not let that guy go!However, after the chaos was settled, he untied the rope that bound Wei Zhong and said: Only his talent. As a result, he was appointed as the prefect of Hanoi County.This move shows that although he hates that person very much, no matter what he says, he is talented after all. In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (AD 210), two years after the failure of the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao issued a famous edict. If it is necessary to be honest and available later, how can Qi Huan dominate the world?Is there anyone caught in Weibin by Brown Huaiyu today?Is there no robbery wife who receives money without meeting ignorant people?The second and third sons, my assistant is bright and humble.The only thing to do is to use it when I get it. It means: If you are not a clean and honest person, you don't need it. How can Duke Huan of Qi dominate?Guan Zhong, who assisted him, deceived his friend Bao Shu and accumulated a huge private property.Is there no one in the world today like Taigong Wang Lu Shang who has a jade-like talent, but wears simple clothes and fishes by the Wei River in vain?There must be such a person.In the Han Dynasty, Chen Ping had an affair with his sister-in-law and accepted bribes, but he made remarkable achievements during his tenure as prime minister.Nowadays, it cannot be said that there are no such people whose talents are buried and cannot be developed due to the fault of private behavior.People around!Help me find the unknown, the lowly.As long as he has talent, he will be recommended, and I will use him. The purpose of this order is: It doesn't matter if you have bad conduct or a problem with your background, as long as you have talent, anyone can recommend him to me. Cao Cao hated people who came from a famous family, behaved well, and knew nothing when they were about to do something.In addition, I also hate the kind of people who can only play tricks.Kong Rong, the twentieth grandson of Confucius, was a debater who often refuted Cao Cao, but he was eventually executed by Cao Cao's order. Guo Jia, a well-known staff officer, seems to be not doing very well.Yushi Zhongcheng (deputy prosecutor) Chen Qun repeatedly impeached him, but Cao Cao did not remove him from office.However, on the other hand, Cao Cao also praised the fair Chen Qun. The famous writer Chen Lin voted under Yuan Shao's command and wrote an essay when he fought Cao Cao.This is a famous article included in "Selected Works". Every word and every sentence in the article insults Cao Cao: Cao Cao's grandfather, Cao Teng, was a servant (eunuch) in the middle of the country, he was seductive and flattered the master, and he was greedy.Father Cao Song was raised by eunuchs, bribed powerful families, and was appointed as the third prince.Cao Cao is also ugly, he has no virtue, and he likes chaos Yuan Shao was defeated and Chen Lin was captured. Of course he knew that he would die.However, Cao Cao admired his writing and pardoned him. At that time, he just complained: My business is okay, but don't scold my father and grandfather. "Shishuoxinyu" contains the following story: Liu Biao of Jingzhou boasted that he raised a giant ox weighing a thousand catties.This cow can eat ten times more grass and beans than ordinary cows, but when it is loaded with loads, it is not as good as a heifer.As soon as Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou, he immediately took the cow and cooked the beef to reward the soldiers. This story fully reveals Cao Cao's abilityism. 【Duke Zhou spitting and feeding】 Comparing the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu, Wei came out on top in terms of comprehensive strength. Not long before the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao wrote in a letter to Sun Quan: The 800,000 people of the Imari Navy are hunting with the general. The figure raised at this time is old-fashioned rhetoric; but although 800,000 is an exaggeration, there must always be half of it as 400,000!Even if you take half of it again, there will be 200,000. Sun Quan said at the military council: In the land of Wu, there are hundreds of thousands of people Wu seems to have been able to muster only a hundred thousand soldiers despite a nationwide mobilization.In fact, Sun Quan prepared only 30,000 troops for Zhou Yu. In previous battles, Cao Cao gradually accumulated troops.The opportunity for him to stand out from the crowd was that in the third year of Chuping (AD 192), he used Yanzhou as his base to defeat the Yellow Turban Army in Qingzhou.It is said that more than 300,000 troops came to surrender at that time, and more than one million men and women were won. Because of this brilliant victory, Cao Cao collected the elite among them, known as Qingzhou soldiers.The Yellow Turban Army was composed of rebellious peasants who fought together as a family. Therefore, there were more than one million men and women who surrendered besides the army, but they were not only a fighting force, but also a productive force. Three hundred thousand or one million is easy to say, but it is not easy to contain them.This shows how big Cao Cao's measure is. Comparing the Three Kingdoms, Wei also takes the lead in terms of talents.Shu was under Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and other powerful generals, but before Sangu Maolu welcomed Zhuge Kongming back, he had no staff.The staff who run the country also rely on local people after entering Shu.Although Zhuge Kongming cultivated talents in the prime minister's mansion, it was still too late.Kong Ming died at the age of fifty-four in Wuzhangyuan, and it is said that it was because he had to judge everything.This is not because he is unwilling to hand things over to others, but even if he wants to hand it over, there are still not enough talents in Shu. In addition to Zhou Yu who died young in Wu, only Zhang Zhao, Lu Su, Lu Meng, etc. are available, and there are very few talents.In contrast, Wei Jiji toast. There are countless Zhang Fei-level warriors in Wei.Xu Chu, who was born as a bandit, and Dian Wei, who was a knight, were not very eye-catching just because they were in Wei.From university scholars to thieves, Wei has all kinds of talents, but he is not satisfied with this, but also looks for any leftover pearls.We can fully understand this kind of earnestness after reading the edict issued in the fifteenth year of Jian'an mentioned above. I think Cao Cao was originally a passionate person.Perhaps in order to be able to possess many talents, he suppressed his emotions.When Chen Lin, who insulted his ancestors, was pardoned and appointed, even Cao Cao must have been furious.However, he told himself: because this person has talent.Then restrained. "Three Kingdoms" wrote in the general comment on Cao Cao: Hypocrisy and recklessness, don't think about old evils. Calculation is calculation, that is, to be a realist, and to decide to act after calculating the gains and losses.At this juncture, never reveal personal feelings.Because I try to suppress my feelings as much as possible, it seems to outsiders that I don't think about old and bad things. In the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao was also the best poet.Among the poets who can keep pace with him are his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi.The Cao family can be said to have monopolized the poetry circles of the Three Kingdoms. The emotions of poets will rise when they touch things. Compared with ordinary people, their emotions should also be more intense.Therefore, it is not easy to suppress and distort such feelings.Repressed feelings may be vented through channels such as poetry. Among Cao Cao's poems, the most popular one is probably "Duan Ge Xing"!Because the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which has many readers, quotes this poem in its most brilliant part, that is, the passage of the Battle of Chibi. sing to wine Geometry of life such as morning dew Kudo The beginning of "Duan Ge Xing" is like the right, which means drinking to relieve worries.The following sentences are as follows: Qingqing Zijin leisurely my heart but for your sake pondering so far Qingjin is a student's clothing, which is based on the "Book of Songs.Zheng Feng's sentence.Putting nostalgia on the students is singing that I often break my heart for excellence.Here is the end of <Dan Ge Xing>: moon star rare black magpie flying south Three turns around the tree He Zhi Keyi Mountains never get too high The water never tires Duke of Zhou spit and feed All over the world The bird magpie flies south under the stars and the moon, but it circles around the tree again and again, can't it find a branch where it can build a nest?No one cherishes talents in vain, but can't find a monarch who can serve them, right?No matter how you look at this poem, it looks like Cao Cao, who is thirsty for talents. The higher the mountain, the better, and the deeper the water; similarly, the more talents, the better.As soon as Duke Zhou had a visitor, he rushed to meet him immediately, because he thought that the other party might be a talent.If the guest came during shampooing, he would hold his hair to meet; if he came during meal time, he would spit out what he was eating and hurried to meet the guest.That's why you can win the hearts of the world.I hope to do the same! In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", just before the Battle of Chibi was about to begin, Cao Cao Hengqiang (Editor's Note: 槊, ancient weapon, namely spear) wrote this poem.However, this is not a poem of war.Novelists often write their characters' best poems at the climax of a story.The story even describes a cadre named Liu Fu, who was assassinated because he said that it was very unlucky to chant no branches before the big battle, and he angered Cao Cao. It is unbelievable to kill a talent at the moment of writing a poem seeking talent.Liu Fu did die in the thirteenth year of Jian'an, but he was in Hefei as the governor of Yangzhou at that time.Cao Jun stationed in Hefei to contain Wu, so Liu Fu seems to have not participated in the Battle of Chibi.During the war between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, he once handed over the southeast affairs to Liu Fu, and Liu Fu also tried his best to repay Cao Cao's trust.He convened scattered residents, built schools, reclaimed farmland, and promoted irrigation projects. He is an indispensable figure in Yangzhou. However, the novelist's craft is indeed brilliant.This description can be said to clearly depict Cao Cao's aversion to superstition.It's not because someone says it's unlucky to get angry, but because that person believes such a thing. This is Cao Cao. As mentioned earlier, in Chen Lin’s anti-Cao Cao essay, she once attacked Cao Cao’s establishment of special official positions such as General Faqiu Zhonglang (commander for digging graves) and Xiaowei Mojin (leader of troops who searched for gold), and they often went to dig ancient tombs , Seizing treasures to serve as military resources. The commander-in-chief, the officials, came to the excavation in person, broke the coffin and naked the corpse, and plundered the golden treasure. Cao Cao seems to have personally watched the soldiers digging the huge mound.The practical Cao Cao may think that it is useless to let gold and silver treasures lie buried in the ground, so it makes more sense to dig them up and use them.When he pardoned Chen Lin, he said that he can say whatever he wants about me, which shows that he doesn't think digging graves is a bad thing. In the first month of the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an (AD 220), Cao Cao died in Luoyang.Before that, Sun Quan sent Guan Yu's head.Some people say that it was Guan Yu's head who caused the trouble, but this is probably like what the dead Cao Cao said that I am sixty-six years old. Isn't this Tianshou? The decree is as follows: The world is not yet stable, and the ancients have not been followed.After the burial, all clothes (mourning) will be removed.None of the generals stationed in the garrison could leave the garrison.There are divisions with their own duties, and they are collected (put into the coffin) to be served (casual clothes).Do not hide gold and jade treasures. Cao Pi (Wei Wendi), who has a practical style and resembles Cao Cao, also instructed in his posthumous edict that he would not feel pain in his bones after death, so he built tombs in non-eating land (land that cannot be cultivated), and did not hide gold and silver artifacts. Instead.