Chapter 7 (Chapter 7) Fu Jian

Fu Jian's great plan is to build a great empire stronger than that of Emperor Wu of Han in his heyday, and realize the goal of the integration of various ethnic groups in this land.Just as Wang Meng feared, he embarked on the path of inflated idealism alone. 【With the ambition of peace】 When reading Chinese history, there are always a few places that make people's eyes warm. For example, I read Sima Qian's letter to Ren An Shaoqing, and Kong Ming's "List of Teachers".In addition, when I read the fate of Fu Jian's life in the former Qin Dynasty, I would also shed tears unknowingly.

Fu Jian (338︱385 A.D.) was the head of the Di tribe. The Di people are a Tibetan ethnic group living in the area from the west of Shaanxi Province to the south of Gansu Province.Compared with the strong nomadic character of the Qiang people who are also Tibetans, the Di people have a more farming character.Although they live a life of half herding and half farming, this shows that they have been greatly influenced by Han culture. Sima's Jin Dynasty was exhausted by the civil war among the royal families (the Rebellion of the Eight Kings), which plunged the Central Plains into chaos.As a result, the ethnic groups outside the Great Wall gradually spread their influence in North China.They are not necessarily the group that drove south along the Great Wall.The Southern Xiongnu, who had surrendered since the Later Han Dynasty, were allowed to move to the south of the Great Wall and live together with the Han people.

From 304 A.D., when Liu Yuan of the Southern Huns took Han as his country name and called it Da Shanyu, to 439 A.D., when the Northern Wei Dynasty unified North China, the period of 135 years was called the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. era. The Wuhu are the five ethnic groups outside the Great Wall, that is, the Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Di, and Qiang. The Jie people are said to be the other branches of the Huns.Xianbei is a descendant of the Donghu tribe who surrendered to the Xiongnu during the Warring States Period.Some people say that the name Xiongnu is not the name of a race or nation, but the name of a regime.In this way, the Xianbei under the Huns may also be regarded as a branch of the Huns.

The Jin Dynasty fled to the south and took Nanjing as its base. Historians call it the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The north entered the circle of influence of the Wuhu, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south confronted it. The Pu family, the head of the Di tribe, originally belonged to the post-Zhao regime of the Jie tribe, but Pu Hong became independent, proclaiming himself a general and the king of Sanqin, and changed his surname from Pu to Fu. Pu Hong, also known as Fu Hong, wanted to occupy Chang'an wholeheartedly, but died before his long-cherished wish was fulfilled. His son Fu Jian completed his late father's will in 350 AD and entered Chang'an.He proclaimed himself emperor two years later.Fu Jian's younger brother, Fu Xiong, assisted him as prime minister.

The long-cherished wish of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was to regain the northern territories invaded by the barbarians and complete the unification of China.At that time, there was a powerful figure named Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.He wiped out Chenghan, the local regime established by the Di people who occupied Sichuan, and became the general who conquered the west, controlling the military power and finance of the eight states. For the Sima family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the appearance of such powerful figures was worrying, so they used Yin Hao to fight against them, trying to weaken Huan Wen's power.But Yin Hao's title is still very low, if he does not make some great achievements, he will not be able to compete with Huan Wen.The Eastern Jin Dynasty ordered Yin Hao to make a northern expedition.

Calligrapher Wang Xizhi wrote a letter opposing the Northern Expedition. It was at this time that Yin Hao's Northern Expedition failed.It was good for Yin Hao to introduce the army of Yao Xiang, the chief of the Qiang nationality, but he was afraid of Yao Xiang's meritorious service, so he took his younger brother as a hostage.Yao Xiang was very angry with Yin Hao's narrowness, so he rebelled. This was the reason for the failure of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the end, Huan Wen still had to step in.Huan Wen led his army to the north, aiming at the land of Guanzhong and the ancient capital of Chang'an.Because Fu Jian is called the Emperor of Qin here, and he is committed to enriching the country and strengthening the army.In order to distinguish this Great Qin regime from the regime established by the Qiang people with the same dynasty name later, historians of later generations generally call this regime the former Qin Dynasty.

The elders in Guanzhong shed tears when they saw the Eastern Jin army. However, Huan Wen fought the former Qin Prime Minister Fu Xiong in Bailuyuan, and lost more than ten thousand troops and retreated.Fu Chang, the former Crown Prince of the Qin Dynasty, was also injured, and he later died as a result. This happened in AD 354. Former Qin Emperor Fu Jian passed away the following year.Because the crown prince Fu Chang had died in battle, his younger brother Fu Sheng, who was violent after drinking and had a bad reputation, came to the throne. This is an era when personal leadership will determine the fate of the country. An alcoholic and violent person like Fu Sheng is the emperor, which is very troublesome for the regime and the residents.After discussing with the important ministers, the royal family decided to abolish Fu Sheng and let Fu Jian, the son of Fu Xiong, the late emperor's younger brother, take the throne.

Fu Sheng was not only deposed, but also killed later.It is said that before he died, he was still drinking too much, so unconscious and drunk, he set foot on the road to Huangquan. Under such circumstances, Fu Jian became the former Qin emperor in 357 AD. The foundation of the former Qin Dynasty has been laid by his uncle Fu Jian.Fu Jian attached great importance to Confucianism and set up a hotel to welcome talents from afar. Poor Fu humble palace, pay attention to political affairs, give courtesy to the elderly, and practice Confucianism. The history books praised Fu Jian's achievements in this way.

However, the assistance of Fu Xiong, Fu Jian's father, contributed a lot to this good governance.Fu Xiong died earlier than his elder brother Fu Jian.It is said that Fu Jian cried and vomited blood at that time. Doesn’t God want me to pacify the world?Why was Yuancai taken away so quickly? Yuancai is Fu Xiong's character. Perhaps someone else deliberately used this anecdote to emphasize the legitimacy of Fu Jian's succession to the emperor's unification.But the person who repelled Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was Fu Xiong, which is also very clear in the records of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

However, the records of Fu Sheng, who was deposed and killed, who went berserk after drinking, must be discounted to some extent.Because in the former Qin Dynasty at that time, there may have been a struggle between the national faction and the international faction. The Di nationality is the most sinicized branch of the Tibetan nationality, that is to say, it is an international group.Fu Jian intends to further implement this policy.Of course some people will be dissatisfied with this. The story of Fu Sheng's tyranny may show the wildness of nomadic Tibetans.But we can also think of it this way. There is a group that wants to directly reflect the inherent resilience of the nation in politics, and Fu Sheng is that representative.

If you just want to occupy the western border of China, then building a small military country may also be one of the methods.But now that Chang'an has been obtained and Guanzhong is the lord, if you want to spread your aspirations to the world, it is no longer a dream for the Central Plains countries to subdue the Eastern Jin Dynasty and build a big empire. Loved by his grandfather Fu Hong, who intensively read Confucian books and was known as a man of great learning and talent, Fu Jian had great ambitions to govern the country and the world. Since then, he must bid farewell to the wildness and regionalism of the nomads as soon as possible. Maybe before he could show his ambition, he had to kill Fu Sheng who had fantasies about the inherent toughness of the Di clan! He is long, powerful, brave and easy to kill, has a fierce hand, can walk and gallop a horse, stabs, rides and shoots.When Huan Wen came to attack, (Fu) Sheng entered the battle alone, and there were dozens of people who smashed the flag and killed the generals. You can see records like You Shu in "Book of Jin", this is definitely not the appearance of an alcoholic noble son.We can feel that this is a young man who loves wildness, clings to his national roots, and dies for it.He was twenty-three years old when he was killed in a coma. 【Five relocations in the middle of the year】 Fu Jian, who wanted to abandon his national traditions and leave his homeland, was full of wildness in the way he abandoned and left. Before Fu Jian took the throne, he was named the King of the East China Sea, known as General Longxiang.The character is Yonggu, and the alias is Wenyu.Since the time of the king of the East China Sea, he had Wang Meng, Lu Polou, Qiang Wang, Liang Pinglao and other aides, and his younger brother Fu Rong was also quite talented and often assisted his elder brother. Especially Wang Meng has won Fu Jian's absolute trust.Fu Jian met Wang Meng through the introduction of Lu Polou.At that time, he said happily: It's like Liu Bei met Zhuge Kongming. As soon as Fu Jian came to the throne, Wang Meng, at the age of thirty-six, was the first to open a special case for promotion of five moves in the middle of the year. That said, he was promoted five times in one year. When Fu Jian ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Meng as the Minister of Zhongshu.Zhongshu handles matters related to the secretaries in the palace, and the deputy official of the central government office who is in charge of confidential documents is Zhongshu Shilang. Then Wang Meng was transferred to the magistrate of Shiping County.Being transferred from an important position in the central government to a local governor may feel like a demotion, but it is not. Shiping County is actually a very important place.The Maoling area where the Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is located, that is, the vicinity of today's Xingping County, is Shiping County in the former Qin Dynasty.At that time, the law and order in the area deteriorated considerably. Many people came back from the East. As mentioned above, the Fu family of the former Qin Dynasty had always been subject to the Hou Zhao of the Jie tribe before Fu Hong became independent.At that time, in order to monitor the tribes of the subordinates, the method adopted by the north was to move them to areas that they could see. Although the Hu people in the north established political power, most of the local residents were Han Chinese, and the number of Hu people was limited.After the ministers of the Di tribe belonged to the Hou Zhao of the Jie tribe, the Hou Zhao immediately moved the main ethnic groups of the Di tribe to Henan, its base. After Fu Hong became independent, Later Zhao perished and was replaced by Qian Yan of the Murong family of the Xianbei tribe.The Di people who were moved to Henan were thus liberated and returned to the west one after another. We have very unfortunate encounters. They have this kind of victim consciousness, and the reactionary behavior they project as a result is to plunder as soon as they come back.Because of previous unfortunate encounters, if you want to ask for compensation, you will do evil. Most of the Di people who came back from Fangtou, Henan were in Shiping County.Therefore, the job assigned by the local county magistrate is to ban the returning thugs. Wang Meng used severe punishments to control them, even the local powerful people were merciless.Once someone is found to be misbehaving, he will be flogged and killed.Therefore, Wang Meng was hated by the local wealthy family and was impeached and arrested for interrogation.Fu Jian interrogated himself. Government must be based on morality, which should be a priority.You have just taken office, and many people have been executed. Isn't that too much? To this question, Wang Meng replied: Zaining country (a peaceful country) uses propriety, and governs a chaotic state with law.Your Majesty appointed people like me to Juyi (a place with many problems) in order to eliminate the evil party.If I kill one wicked person, there will be ten thousand people alive.If the thugs cannot be eradicated, I am willing to plead guilty according to the law.But I have no reason to be punished on the grounds of cruel government. Fu Jian then released Wang Meng. Later, Wang Meng was transferred to Shangshu Zuocheng and Jing Zhaoyin, the important positions of the secretary-general of the cabinet and the head of the capital.Soon, he became Minister of the Ministry of Officials, specializing in the appointment and removal of officials. Then, he served as Shangshu Zuopushe, Fuguo General, Sili Captain, Prime Minister and Chief Justice with arrest and judicial power. This cannot be regarded as an exceptional promotion. The royal family and old ministers were not happy about this, and it was only right.In the War of Independence in the former Qin Dynasty, Wang Meng did not make any achievements.Because he joined Fu Jian after the Huanwen Northern Expedition in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was defeated. When Huan Wen entered Guanzhong, Wang Meng, who was hiding in Huayin Mountain, went to see him in brown clothes (coarse clothes).Wang Meng waited for the appearance of an excellent monarch with the ambition of Zuoshi.When meeting with Huan Wen, it is said that Wang Meng was talking about the current situation while scratching the lice.After the interview, Huan Wen presented Wang Meng with chariots and horses, which meant that he wanted him to serve him.But Wang Meng stayed in the mountain and did not come out.Because under his discernment, Huan Wen failed the pass. Fu Jian probably fell in love with Wang Meng because of this kind of ambition of Zuo Shi!Fu Jian promoted Wang Meng again and again: When he was appointed as the governor of all military forces at home and abroad, that is, the person in charge of all military power, Wang Meng finally refused to accept his resignation, but Fu Jian did not allow it. I want to take it easy on the top, and Wang Qing will work hard on the bottom.The task of Hongji is not Qing but who? This is what Fu Jian said at the time.His so-called top is the unification of the world. In order to be able to concentrate on this, the bottom will work on you.The following should refer to various practical work! Fu Jian distinguished the ideal from the reality, saying: I am eager to pursue the ideal, and I ask your help to deal with the reality.In order to be entrusted with carte blanche, it is not allowed to shirk the post of governor of Chinese and foreign military forces. The purpose is for Hongji to fully rescue the people of the world without omission.So, it has to be done up and down together.I am above, you are below.Fu Jian started a division of labor in this regard. Shangshu (Ge Liao) Qiu Teng slandered Wang Meng, and Fu Jian immediately demoted Qiu Teng to Gansong Guard Army (commander of Gansong area).Prime Minister Shi Xibao commented on Wang Meng's wrongdoing, so Fu Jian removed Xi Bao's rank and honor, making him a person without official position although he still had the post of long history. Fan Shi, who was enshrined as Marquis of Guzang among the survivors of Di, assisted Fu Jian in making great contributions to the pacification of Guanzhong. Do you only eat what we have worked so hard to cultivate? He scolded Wang Meng. Knowing how to cultivate crops is not enough, one must also be able to cook. Wang Meng replied like this.Fan Shi was naturally very angry. I want to hang your head on the gate of Chang'an, if I can't do it, I'd better die. This back-and-forth quarrel continued, even in front of Emperor Fu Jian, and Fan Shi stood up to attack Wang Meng. At this time, Fu Jian was very angry and beheaded Fan Shi. So all the officials held their breath when they saw the fierceness. You can see this passage in history books.To hold one's breath is to hold one's breath, beware of fear. 【The world is one heart】 Fu Jian was an idealist. For him who wants to show his ambitions to the world, the most unbearable thing is the self-centered nationalism of the Di people. In the territory of the former Qin Dynasty, most of the population is Han Chinese.Fu Jian strictly forbade the small Di tribe not to flaunt their privileged status.Although we hang high ideals, we must never allow our feet to be defiled. It is for this reason that he gave the highest position under the emperor to Wang Meng of the Han Dynasty.Although Wang Meng firmly resigned, he was forced to accept this arrangement. Although he is a hero in the founding of the country, if someone uses words to provoke the opposition between Di and Han, he will be beheaded like Fan Shi.Such an attitude of autumn frost and scorching sun. Two years after Huan Wen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty marched into the former Qin Dynasty and was defeated, he again sent troops to Luoyang and took back Luoyang from the former Yan. In 369 A.D., Huan Wen launched the Northern Expedition three times.At that time, it was the fourth year of Taihe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, that is, the fifth year of Jianyuan in the former Qin Dynasty. The goal of the Northern Expedition Army was Qianyan, whose capital was in Ye. The year name of Qianyan was the tenth year of Jianxi.In this way, the regimes in various places use their own reign names. Northern China is divided into eastern and western parts. In the east is the former Yan built by the Murong family of Xianbei, and in the west is the former Qin Dynasty of the Fu family of the Di family. Huan Wen pointed his finger at the east. Qianyan asked Qianqin for help.The important ministers of the former Qin Dynasty opposed sending troops.When Huan Wen attacked Chang'an earlier, Qianyan didn't even send a single reinforcement. But Wang Meng advocated active assistance, and Emperor Fu Jian also agreed.Both of them have the ambition of Sase, so they must dominate at least half of the world.In fact, China was divided into two parts, North and South.The south is the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the north is divided into two. The former Qin Dynasty only owned a quarter of the regime in the world. If you rescue Qianyan, you can bring Qianyan into your sphere of influence.Qianyan promised to cede the land west of Hulaoguan to Qianqin as a reward for rescue. The former Qin sent reinforcements, but Huan Wen's Eastern Jin army was attacked and retreated by the former Yan Emperor's uncle Murong Chui before that.For this reason, Qianyan was unwilling to fulfill the agreement to cede territory. Pedestrians (diplomats) failed to resign. It means that the messenger spoke the wrong words.Using this excuse to deceive the child broke the agreement between the two parties. In fact, this just gave Fu Jian the reason to send troops.He appointed Wang Meng as the general of the auxiliary country, and led 30,000 troops to take Luoyang directly. In the following year (370 A.D.), Wang Meng surrounded Ye, the former capital of Yan State, with 60,000 troops, and Emperor Fu Jian also led 100,000 elite troops to Ye. The former Yan then perished, and the former Qin gained the long-awaited half of the power in the world. The former Emperor of Yan, Murong Wei, escaped for a while, but was still captured in the end.But Fu Jian let him go.Therefore, the former Qin Dynasty moved more than 40,000 households of the emperor, empress, princes, officials and Xianbei of Qianyan to Chang'an. This is nothing special.It has always been the style of the Hu regime to move the wiped out enemy tribes to the range that they can see.When the Di tribe in the former Qin Dynasty surrendered to the Later Zhao Dynasty, they were also forcibly moved to Fangtou in Henan.This is also a kind of hostage.As mentioned earlier, the Di people who had returned from Fangtou to the west ran amok in Shiping County and were mercilessly suppressed by Wang Meng. However, Fu Jian took ingenious measures here.He moved the Xianbei people of Qianyan to Guanzhong centered on Chang'an, and at the same time moved the Di people who originally lived in Chang'an to the east one after another. It's like changing the residents of Chang'an and Luoyang to each other. To live in the capital is necessary. Everyone wants to live in their hometown and is unwilling to leave.For the Di people, Chang'an is the capital of flowers, while Luoyang is like an unpredictable frontier.The reason why the above-mentioned Di people returning to the west did evil is also because they think: We have suffered a lot in the east. If you lose, you have nothing to say, but Qianqin is the winner.The defeated former Qin Di tribe will be relocated to the difficult land in the east, while the defeated Qianyan Xianbei can live in Huadu. What is this?Ordinary Di people naturally think so. The world has one heart.The idealist Fu Jian believed that the unity of the world is not only the unity of the territory, but also the unity of the heart.He believed that the prerequisite for the realization of his ideal was to eliminate the differences of race and nationality. Let Di, Xianbei, Han, and Xiongnu all be put together in the furnace of North China for pottery.Fu Jian took this as his goal.Since it is necessary to practice Taoism, there should be various dissatisfaction.He believed that people of his own race should be tolerant to some extent.In other words, it is to force the people around you to sacrifice. In terms of territory, the former Yan was larger than the former Qin. They owned two large peninsulas, Shandong and Liaodong.In the time of Murong Wei's grandfather, Murong Wei, he conquered Goguryeo.The reason why the former Yan was easily eliminated by the former Qin was because its internal cohesion was loose. Murong Chui, who had let Huan Wen go before the arrival of former Qin's reinforcements, was the emperor's uncle. People around the emperor feared that his reputation would be too high and wanted to kill him.As a result, Murongchui fled to the former Qin Dynasty and accepted Fu Jian's protection. After losing the former Yan, the territory of Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty doubled. Prime Minister Wang Meng gradually became uneasy with Fu Jian's excessive idealism. He is knowledgeable and good at military art. As recorded in "Book of Jin", Wang Meng was originally a strategist.Thorough emphasis on reality is his basic attitude, and Sase's ambition is his vision. Five years after he surrendered to Qianyan (AD 375), Wang Meng passed away at the age of 51.His last words to Emperor Fu Jian are said to be as follows: Although the (Eastern) Jin Dynasty was remote and crude, Wuyue (Jiangnan) was inherited from Zhengshuo.Being kind and kind to neighbors is also the treasure of the country.After the minister is gone, I would like not to take Jin as the country.Xianbei and Xiqiang, my enmity, will eventually become a problem for people, and they should be eliminated gradually for the sake of the community. But Fu Jian did not follow Wang Meng's last words. 【All mourning】 In the second year after Wang Meng's death, the former Qin Dynasty sent a west expedition army of 130,000 horsemen to subdue Qianliang.Qianliang is located in the so-called Hexi area in western Gansu, and it was a small political power established by the Zhang family of the Han nationality.Originally, the former Liangchens belonged to the former Qin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but in 366 AD they broke up with the former Qin Dynasty, and only the ministers belonged to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Moreover, in order to prove its loyalty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it also killed the envoys of the former Qin Dynasty.This Western Expedition can be said to be famous for its success. The small local regimes had nothing to do before the former Qinxi expedition.The former Liang king Zhang Tianxi killed the envoy, so in the general concept, even if he surrendered, he would die.However, Fu Jian not only released him, but even built a mansion in Chang'an for Zhang Tianxi to live in before the Western Expeditionary Army set off. In AD 379, Fu Jian captured Xiangyang.Xiangyang was the frontline base of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, where he captured the famous monk Daoan.Fu Jian was not only obsessed with Confucianism, he also fell in love with Buddhism. In the Battle of Xiangyang, Fu Jian also displayed his idealism.He released Zhu Xu, the governor of Liangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who had been captured after fighting, and made him the important post of Duzhi Shangshu in the former Qin Dynasty.As for Li Bohu, the governor of Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty who acted as an internal response, he was executed on the grounds of infidelity. Fu Jian's great plan is to use Xiangyang as an outpost to expedition to the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south, and at the same time to bring the Western Regions into his territory. That is to say, to establish a great empire stronger than that of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty in his heyday, and to achieve the goal of the integration of various ethnic groups in this land.Just as Wang Meng feared, he embarked on the path of inflated idealism alone. In the first month of 383 A.D., General Lu Guang of Xiaoqi set off from Chang'an to conquer the Western Regions. There is a famous monk named Kumarajiva in Kucha (editor's note: sound ㄑㄧㄡㄘ, the name of the country in the Western Regions), you must bring him back. Fu Jian ordered.Fu Jian heard the name of Kumarajiva from Dao'an. In May of the same year, the Eastern Jin Dynasty sent 100,000 troops to retake Xiangyang. The situation was in a hurry. In August, Emperor Fu Jian set out from Chang'an, leading more than 600,000 soldiers and 270,000 cavalry, which can be called an army of one million.It is said that the flags and drums are facing each other, thousands of miles forward and backward. In this regard, the Eastern Jin Dynasty naturally also vigorously mobilized.After Huan Wen's death, Xie An led the Eastern Jin army.Xie An's younger brother Xie Shi served as the general who conquered the captives and the governor of the conquest, while Xie Xuan served as the forward commander and went into battle. The two armies faced off at Feishui. The former Qin million troops did not arrive at the same time.They waited for the follow-up army on the bank of Feishui.The Eastern Jin army had to defeat the former Qin army before it assembled, so it needed to cross the river. The former Qin army planned to attack the Eastern Jin army when its troops were in disarray when they crossed the river.For this reason, they retreated a little, trying to force the opponent to cross the river, and then turned around and attacked the opponent when he was halfway across the river.However, before the order to turn around was given, a voice shouted: lost!lost!run away! It turned out that Zhu Xu, who was captured after fighting in Xiangyang, was reused by Fu Jian and was responsible for managing the country's finances. He used this method to make the former Qin army into chaos.The soldiers fled bewildered. The Eastern Jin army crossing the river took the opportunity to pursue and deal a heavy blow to the former Qin army.Emperor Fu Jian was also wounded by the arrows. Idealism failed.This cannot but be said to be the result of Fu Jian's wishful thinking.He thought that if the surrendered general was established as a cabinet member, the other party would cry and work for the former Qin Dynasty. Echoing Zhu Xu and disturbing the former Qin army camp, it was Zhang Tianxi, the former king of Liang who built a mansion for him in Chang'an after Fu Jian surrendered.Before that, Zhu Xu was the local governor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, while Zhang Tianxi was the head of a local regime subject to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is common sense to let them, who have a deep relationship with the Eastern Jin Dynasty, join the command center of this war. Fu Jian lacked any general feeling.He is an amazing idealist.Under his own banner, he didn't ask about the nationality at all, he didn't ask about the old or new ministers, and he wholeheartedly wanted to build a great empire that had never been seen in ancient times and where all ethnic groups were integrated. Fu Jian escaped alone and gathered more than a thousand people to join Murongchui's army along the way.Murong Chui's army was planning to attack Yuncheng, so they did not participate in the Battle of Feishui.As a result, the 30,000 troops remained unscathed.Murong Chui's eldest son, Murong Bao, suggested killing Fu Jian. This is the opportunity God gave Yan Fuxing, don't let it go. But Murong Chui refused because he had received favor from Fu Jian.He couldn't forget that when the people around Emperor Murong Wei wanted to kill him, it was Fu Jian who saved him.His son Murong Bao said it was just a small favor. But Murong Chui still protected Fu Jian and arrived in Luoyang, and then went to Chang'an.Just before they came to Hangu Pass, Murong Chui voluntarily sent an imperial edict to appease the various ethnic groups in the north. Fu Jian agreed to this request.Prime Minister Quan Yi said: He will not come back again.Sure enough, as expected.Even so, Murong Chui who sent the defeated Fu Jian to Hangu Pass can be said to be a very upright person.After his return to the east, he revived Murong's Yan, which was called Hou Yan. Looking back at Guanzhong, due to Fu Jian's policy of large-scale migration of residents, more Xianbei people immigrated there than Di people.Murong Wei, former Yan's deposed emperor, rebelled, and Fu Jian finally killed him.But Murong Wei's younger brother, Murong Chong, summoned the Xianbei people to attack Chang'an. Murong Chong was actually the object of Fu Jian's homosexuality.His sister was also favored by Fu Jian.Murong Chong was not the only one who attacked Fu Jian in Chang'an.Yao Chang, the leader of the Qiang nationality and general Yangwu who was named Yiduhou by Fu Jian, also attacked Chang'an at the same time. Fu Jian fled to Mount Wujiang, surrounded by Yao Chang.Yao Chang has already proclaimed himself the Great General Shan Yu Wannian King of Qin.Yao Chang threatened him to abdicate, but Fu Jian believed that abdication was a matter of sages, and the rebels also said that abdication was extremely arrogant, so they dismissed it.Yao Chang sent people to hang Fu Jian in Xinping Buddhist Temple. Former Qin Emperor Fu Jian died at the age of forty-eight.Killed two daughters before dying.Mrs. Zhang and Prince Fu Shen committed suicide. Yao Chang hoped to take advantage of the unpopular Fu Jian to create a successor situation for himself, so he pursued Fu Jian as the heroic king.The name of the regime is the same as that of Qin, but later historians called the Qin built by the Yao family the Later Qin. According to historical records, the soldiers under Yao Chang's command in the Later Qin Dynasty knew that Fu Jian was dead, and their reaction was: All mourn for it. In "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: The commentators all think that the death of Qin Wangjian was due to not killing Murongchui and Yao Chang.The minister thought otherwise.Xu Shao (a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty) called Emperor Wu of Wei (Cao Cao) a capable minister in governing the world and a traitor in troubled times.If Jian Jian governs the country without losing his way, then both Chu and Chang are capable ministers of Qin, and Wu Neng will cause chaos!The reason why Jian died was because of sudden victory (repeated victory) and arrogance. Sima Guang then quoted Li Ke's answer to Wei Wenhou's words: A few battles will make the people tired, and a few victories will lead to arrogance.Using pride to control the tired people, there is no one who will not perish. Arrogance is over-confidence, and Fu Jian's situation is over-idealization.Sure enough, Wang Meng expected it.If Wang Meng lived longer, perhaps the Battle of Feishui would not have failed. Murong Chong, who captured Chang'an, was killed by his subordinates who wanted to return to the east.His regime historians call it Xiyan, but it was too short-lived to be included in the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. In April 386 AD, Yao Chang ascended the throne in Chang'an.When holding a banquet with the ministers, he said: All the ministers are with me to the north of the former Qin Dynasty, and now I am the emperor, and all the ministers are ministers, are you not ashamed?A man named Zhao Qian replied: "Heaven is not ashamed to regard His Majesty as a son, so why should I be ashamed as a minister?" Yao Chang just laughed, and Zhao Qian's words were really painful irony. Lu Guang, who went to the Western Regions, was a very powerful family in the Di clan. His father, Lu Polou, once introduced Wang Meng to Fu Jian.When he heard that the Battle of Feishui had failed in Kucha, he led his troops back east.According to what Fu Jian said, he took the famous monk Kumarajiva with him. Lu Guang fought with Zhang Dayu, the son of Zhang Tianxi, the former Liang king who had betrayed Fu Jian in Feishui, and finally pacified Hexi.Historians call Lu Guang's regime Houliang, and it is included in the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. Kumarajiva stayed in Lu Guang's palace for eighteen years. He was quite familiar with China and proficient in Chinese.This happened during the time of Yao Xing, the son of Yao Chang.In the eight years before his death (AD 409), he completed thirty-five scripture translations in 294 volumes.Yao Xing regards the work of supporting Kumarajiva as a national cause. The "Lotus Sutra" also has Zhu Fahu's translation, but the "Lotus Sutra" in Japan refers to the translation of Kumarajiva.This is a very famous translation.