Chapter 8 6. Poetry cloud

Teacher Yang found a right and wrong sentence in the student's weekly diary: Not all the sentences in the essay are written illegally. It is true that there is an element of narrative in an essay, narrating the course of an event, narrating a person's behavior, narrating this and that, all of which are unavoidable.When narrating, it does not need to be illegal.It is illegal for a person suffering from lung disease to accidentally spit on the road.It is illegal to tell stories and metaphors. In essays, how many types of sentences are there, even if they are not illegally written?This question aroused Mr. Yang's interest.After some searching, what he found was that, in addition to the metaphors of the story, there was:

verse description rhetorical tone exclamation tone It happened that a publication came to ask for a manuscript, so Mr. Yang first wrote a poem and an essay and sent it.This article was later made into a student handout. An essay is an article that explains the truth and puts forward a proposition. Its tone is analytical, judgmental, and affirmative.Its function is to arouse the reader's rational activities, so that the reader understands the truth, distinguishes right from wrong, and agrees with the author's proposition.In this respect the essay is the opposite of the poem.Poetry is an activity that arouses the reader's emotions, makes him sympathize.Reading the Song of Everlasting Regret, we sympathize with Xuanzong and the noble concubine, but we absolutely disagree with their ideas and behaviors. If we write history, we must criticize them.This is a big difference between essays and poems.Generally speaking, essays are rarely poetic things.

But, for various reasons, reasoners often quote poetry.Let’s take a few examples from Chinese textbooks: After the Han Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty calmed down the chaos and rejuvenated the country. He was also able to reward hundreds of kings with avenging his shame, eliminating evil and rewarding the ages, which is a self-examination of his life's achievements.Zhang Ji: Propriety, righteousness, honesty, and the unity of politics and religion. A beggar is not someone who gets something for nothing.Look at him, he is either using a straw stick to support his blind eyelids, or he is lying on the spot like a pig, or Shen said that what happened is more desolate than the death of his younger brother Jiangnan and the death of his brother Saibei.Liang Shiqiu: A beggar.

The answer to the question of the true meaning of life lies in enjoying a simple life, especially the happiness of family life and the harmony of the five relationships.From the bottom of the blue mountain at dusk, the mountain and the moon return with people, or the cloud is light and the wind is light, approaching noon, and the flowers and willows cross the front river, this kind of simple happiness.Lin Yutang: The Spirit of Chinese Culture. These poets who are encouraged by the sea breeze day and night, regardless of the technique of their works, as far as their artistic conception is concerned, there is indeed Zhang Qiyun, the winning concept of shaking clothes on thousands of hills and washing feet for thousands of miles: the spirit of Taiwan.

There are many examples of this type.Why are reasoners so interested in poetry?How does the poem help the reasoner?Let's try to make some observations.First of all, poetry itself is sometimes reasoning.Ask Qu that how to understand, because there is a source of living water, that is to say, scholars should always study the short-cut way, cultivate their morality and cultivate their character, so as to maintain the brightness of their personality.Looking at the former sages and countries, success from diligence and frugality to failure from extravagance, this is talking about political principles.When the Emperor of Han chose a concubine, he sent painter Mao Yanshou to paint portraits of the beauties first. The emperor chose based on the portraits, but failed to find Wang Qiang's beauty from the portraits. He believed that Mao Yanshou was guilty of deceiving the emperor.Later Wang Anshi thought it was not the case, and he said, "It is impossible to paint because of the mood."It's all about poetry.Originally, it is difficult to make good poetry with poetry, but, strange to say, most people have a special respect for poetry, at least in our China.A sentence with a poem as evidence can strengthen the sense of reality of the novel.Aphorisms and lessons, expressed in the form of poetry, are the easiest to accept and spread. There are many words to persuade people to cherish the time, and the most effective one is an inch of time and an inch of gold.An inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time.In this situation, the reasoner quotes poems, which is tantamount to giving powerful testimony.Look, not only me, the poet also said the same!

Originally, giving strong testimony in an essay is called citing authority.The so-called authority means that the person knows the most and is the most correct in a certain aspect. His authority status is knowledge, not politics.If you want to know how many students have repeated grades in a school in the past five years, you have to ask the gentleman in charge of grades in the Academic Affairs Office. He is the authority on this issue, and you have to ask him when the Director of Education comes.A poet doesn't have to be the authority you need.Li Shangyin is not an authority on history, and Wang Anshi is not an authority on aesthetics. If you appeal to reason, the effect of testimony is not too great.Convincing people with reasoning is not the specialty of poetry.The advantage of poetry is that it can move people, make people intoxicated, and melt people's hearts.In the hands of the reasoner, this function of poetry can be used to eliminate the psychological resistance of the other party. Poetry can destroy the barriers of the other party, so that the reason spoken can take advantage of it.Poems are originally opposite to essays, but at this time they can complement each other.Here are a few examples to talk about:

Since ancient times, no one has died in life, and he has kept his heart to reflect the history. These two lines of Wen Tianxiang's poems contain impassioned enthusiasm and courage in the face of difficulties.When a person is worth sacrificing, he should sacrifice. The so-called sacrificing is worth living, which means that living becomes a continuation of the body, and the death of personality. A spiritual pyramid, a building that living could never make.To live is subtraction, but to die is multiplication.If a person is faced with this kind of test, it is best to know how to choose: Arguing here, there are two poems written by Wen Tianxiang below. The enthusiasm of the poem and the example of this national hero in the Song Dynasty are immediately displayed in front of readers. The poem moves you, and you feel that without Wen Tianxiang, the history of the Southern Song Dynasty would be so lonely, and you have to vote for him. Therefore, you have to nod in favor of the idea of ​​sacrifice in that essay.

Who knows that every piece of food on the plate is hard work. Li Shen's poems show us the blood and sweat of farmers.Writing an essay advocates frugality, and you can quote such verses to strengthen your claim.The opposite of thrift is waste. From the point of view of profit, waste is easy to become poor. From the point of view of human feelings, wasting cloth is bad for the weaving women, and wasting food is bad for the farmers.After talking about the interests and feelings of human beings, if you lead out this poem, it is very likely that the poem will suddenly soften the reader's heart and fall into fantasy and contemplation.He may think of the hot field from the sunshine in the yard, or he may think of the farmers' years of labor from weeding and watering the flowers.If possible, he would like to treat the farmer to a few glasses of cold water.If it were possible, people in the world would never have to eat and still survive, so that thousands of farmers would be spared the lifelong hard labor.At present, the only thing he can do is to cherish the food, not to throw and trample it, and not to feed the pigs and chickens with good food.He could approve of your essay arguing for thrift.

There should also be tears shed on my confidant, but I feel shameless to the common people. Once upon a time, there was a scholar who went to take the Jinshi examination, but failed. When he came back, he wrote the first poem.Ordinary people are mostly snobbish, flattering and flattering those who are on the gold list, and indifferent and contemptuous of those who have returned from the lower ranks. Now that I have lost my name, I feel really sad to meet those ordinary people. There are only two or three confidantes. Their articles may not be able to pass the mid-term examination officer. They know that the examination is more than knowledge than luck. They not only know how to forgive, but also know how to be considerate.Those who fail to avoid ordinary people at home, but very much hope to see their confidants, so that the tears after suffering setbacks can be shed quietly to their confidants.There is no need to tell and explain.The current college entrance examination is also a fierce competition that determines fate. Whoever is admitted to the ideal school will feel relaxed and proud, and whoever fails the exam will be extremely depressed.Those who fail the rankings often have tried their best to participate in the competition. After they are defeated in this competition, they especially need the understanding and understanding of their confidantes.If you want to write an article to remind those fathers and brothers that for those children who failed the exam, they must forgive their failures and respect their feelings. You can quote these two poems and let this poem help others understand the psychology of a student who failed the exam.If you want to write an article to persuade those candidates who failed the exam, please don’t care about the common world’s reaction, and hope that their heart can calm down sooner, you can also quote these two lines of poetry, let this poem promote their emotions, Help them assess their worth.

The business woman doesn't know the hatred of the subjugated country, and she still sings the flowers in the backyard across the river. A poet in the Tang Dynasty wrote this sentimental poem when he heard a singer singing backyard flowers by the Qinhuai River at night.Houtinghua is a piece composed by Empress Chen. It is said that it is a decadent and obscene music. This kind of music made Chen Guo's heart decadent and obscene. In the end, Chen was destroyed by the Sui Dynasty.The singers of the Qinhuai River are not alert to the sound of subjugation, and have no sadness for the rise and fall of the former dynasty and the descendants. They are still singing the flowers in the backyard for people's enjoyment.There are so many listeners chasing after pleasure!These two lines of verses are very sensational, and later writers of essays, when criticizing the social atmosphere, often quoted these two lines of verses to increase the weight of the text.Such verses can make readers feel ashamed, ashamed of the empress Chen who has no political wisdom, and ashamed of the soulless Qinhuai singing girl. This emotion is naturally transmitted to the object of criticism by the reasoner. Ashamed of them, too, it is not difficult for the reader to agree with the gist of the reasoner's argument.

Before making a judgment, a person must first think about it, and when thinking about it, he must weigh his emotions and his reason.The main purpose of quoting poems in essays is to balance feelings.In addition to relying heavily on poetry, reasoners often use poems as symbols and metaphors.Someone talked about the social interaction between men and women today, pointed out that beautiful women are often hung in the arms of Americans, and quoted a poem: Most of them are famous monks in the world.This is the relationship between monks and famous mountains, and the relationship between Americans and beautiful women.Some people say that the blood of the martyrs makes the truth flourish, and quotes two lines of poetry: Luohong is not a ruthless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers.This is the relationship between the flower and the flower plant, as a metaphor for the relationship between the martyr and the Tao.Reasoners who use poetry in this way are tantamount to reasoning by analogy.Nature is like turbulent water, it flows eastward when it is determined by the east, and flows westward when it is determined by the west.The form is to the god, just like the benefit is to the knife, I have never heard that the knife is gone but the benefit remains, how can the form be dead but the god is there?This is all reasoning by analogy.This method of metaphor is very effective when used in lyrical scene description, but it is not reliable when used for reasoning.The reason why a writer of essays uses metaphors is to make others have a concrete and vivid image of the truth he wants to prove, and it is easy for a poet to create a vivid and concrete image.Poems and papers, here again have the opportunity to work together. And look at the following example: one No matter what you do, you should have a plan first.Life is a big event, let alone a plan.For some things, the factors are relatively simple, and the person who does the thing can control all the factors, and it is not difficult to complete the matter according to the predetermined plan. If the factors are complicated, people can only control a small part of the factors, and the plan must be flexible. , and be ready to modify at any time.When we build a house, as long as the wages, materials, land, and building laws and other conditions are properly arranged, the house can be built step by step.Life is different, it is too complicated, it has too many unknowns, you have to plan for it, but there is absolutely no way to carry out your plan. People feel sad when their plans are thwarted in their implementation.In real life, the future is full of twists and turns, fate is unpredictable, and subjective wishes are often shattered by objective reality. Therefore, the taste of life is a burst of sorrow, which may be thick or light.Under the cloud of sorrow, people have different reactions. Some people lose self-confidence and shrink back on the road of life.Some people adjust and adapt at any time, and continue to move forward bravely. The unknown we are looking for may be smaller or larger than we expected.Many uncontrollable factors crash into the so-called life plan and destroy the so-called life plan. As a result, the actual life may be better than the pre-conceived life.Also, since the life plan is only a hypothesis, the difficulties envisaged in the plan may not exist at the time.There are no doubts and no way out in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village in the shade of willows and flowers. This is life.Therefore, life should continue to move forward bravely. two Some things in the world are mediocre, and some things are wonderful. Marriage is both mediocre and wonderful. It has two opposite properties, which is really inconceivable. People are prone to superstitious legends about incredible things.There are various phenomena in marriage. Some marriages are easy, some are difficult, some should be successful but not successful, and some are impossible but successful.Some people have been married several times in their lives, and some have never been married in their lives.What is the reason?The answer is a fate.There is no fate, and you can't force it at all.The so-called fate is a superstitious noun, and only this noun can give a unified explanation for the complex and contradictory marriage phenomenon. A man hopes to have a wife after he grows up, but he doesn't know who his wife is.He greets fans and sends off women in social places, attends many balls and wedding ceremonies, the peach blossoms are all day long, where is the hole in Qingxi?It seemed that there was very little hope of marriage.However, he suddenly sent out a red wedding invitation.This is fate, and fate works when people don't pay attention to it. edge!Think in mediocre places, it is mediocre, think in wonderful places, it is wonderful.Taken together, it's really unbelievable. three Movies are made up of camera movements.All movements have speed and slowness, and the speed of movie camera movement is called rhythm.Ordinary people can't see the rhythm when watching movies, but in the eyes of a trained audience, the rhythm exists clearly. The adjective of rhythm is fast or slow.The fast pace is like running 100 meters, and the slow pace is like pacing.But the slow pace can't be too slow. Seeing the scalpers in the morning and seeing the scalpers in the evening, three days and three evenings, the scalpers remain the same. If it is so slow, it will become dull.The fast pace can't be too fast. The light boat has already passed the Ten Thousand Mountains, and it becomes hasty if it is so fast.If it is boring, the audience will be impatient, if it is rushed, the audience will not understand, and they will both miss the point. The art of film is to use the movement of the camera to stimulate the fantasy and enthusiasm of the audience.The camera is too fast and the audience has no time to react, too slow and the audience is disappointed that the second stimulus is delayed after the first stimulus has been reacted.Therefore, a competent director always controls the speed of the shot properly. Four Young people are always pure.Kindergarten children are like angels.The elementary school students sold the Red Cross badges for charity, and they really paid a lot of enthusiasm.When a Boy Scout does a good deed every day, it is totally considered an honor.After leaving school and entering the society, ideas began to change. Some of the students who made money back then became corrupt officials. What is the reason? This reason can be explained by Du Fu's two poems: the water in the mountain spring is clear, and the water in the mountain spring is turbid.You can see that the spring on the mountain spurts out from the cracks in the stone wall, and it is full of clear water. The clear water flows through the foothills and across the fields, carrying mud and sand along the way, and then it becomes turbid.Young people live in mountain springs, uncontaminated by the environment, and can easily maintain their natural innocence. When they become adults, they roll around in society and become muddy and sandy mountain springs.This phenomenon can also be said to be very natural. Since the water coming out of the mountains must become turbid, and since the pure young people must become impure in the future, what hope is there for society to reform?This question is too large to be answered here. In addition to the hypothetical example above, there is another great possibility of citing poems in essays.Before making a statement or making a judgment in an essay, it is inevitable to select some facts and describe them to help draw the following conclusions.As a rule, this kind of narrative should not be too long, as it would make the article bloated.It is true that the reasoner can extract a very simple explanation from the facts to be narrated, but sometimes, he would rather borrow the language of the poet.At the beginning of this article, the articles of Liang Shiqiu and Lin Yutang are quoted, and we can ponder their articles from the viewpoints just raised.His younger brother Jiangnan died, and his brother Saibei died. In ten words, he described the catastrophic change of flesh and blood.These ten words also have an implication: these two lines of poems were originally made by a poor poet in order to face the literal battle, but in fact he was not so unfortunate.Therefore, in the article about beggars, these two poems indirectly point out that the misery reported by beggars is often not true.From the bottom of the blue mountain at dusk, the mountain and the moon return with people, the clouds are light and the wind is light, and the noon is approaching, and the flowers and willows are crossing the front river. It is convenient and true to use such verses to illustrate the simple happiness.This poem not only paints a picture of simple happiness, but also uses the origin of the poem to silently reveal what kind of life philosophy and cultural background behind simple happiness.If you don't quote poems, you will have to write hundreds or thousands of words before you can explain clearly.These thousands of words can be spent or saved. Citing poems is one way to save. The simplicity of the poem is especially easy to see in the character comments.Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty rewarded all the kings for his shame, and he was a promising hero.Zhuge Liang, who allowed Wenwen Yunwu, met Yilu between his brothers, and his command was determined to lose Xiao Cao.In the morning, she was a woman of Yuexi, and in the evening, she was a concubine of Wu Gong. Xishi's encounter was full of drama.The crown is full of Jinghua, and the man is alone and haggard. Li Bai is so different from the current customs.So the hearts of parents all over the world will not be reborn as a boy but a daughter. Concubine Yang Gui's pride can be imagined.The beauty abandons the crown, and the white head lies on the pine clouds. Meng Haoran's state can be regarded as a high level.In Liu Bei's life, he was able to found a country by being a good man, but he did not have a son like a virtuous man.Mrs. Guo Guo is a human being, but she dislikes the color of makeup and powder, and sweeps her brows lightly towards the Supreme.This is to give the most brilliant explanation of the most exciting part of a person's life, using the fewest words. This is what the thesis writer wants to accomplish, but the poet has already done it first. Finally, we are reminded of the ornamental nature of poetry.In the living room, on the wall, there are a few pictures hung on the wall, which are a kind of decoration.A room needs decoration, and so do articles sometimes.A dissertation is the least embellished article, and some people write dissertations with no embellishments at all.It is still possible to write excellent papers without decoration at all. However, in this era of mass communication, many reasoners begin to hope to be approachable, colorful and attractive in writing form, and it is inevitable to quote poems for decoration.There are two passages below. If the poems quoted in them are deleted, the content will not be affected. However, with those two poems, it will be more pleasant to read: one Today is the fifty-year New Year's Eve of the Republic of China, and every family is busy celebrating the new year.Amidst the sound of removing the old and bringing forth the new, we remembered that it has been ten years since we left our hometown.There are many things before us that remind us that ten years is not a short time.Ten years turns a child into a youth, a youth into middle age, and middle age into old age.We have to be vigilant and introspective when we look at the age of a person and the age of a guest. two Chance does not necessarily bring you marriage.Sometimes, chance is the beginning, and it can lead to marriage.However, not every accident has the possibility of developing downward.There was a young man who happened to be seated with a girl on the train, and the two had a very friendly conversation. Soon, the girl got off the train at a certain station, and the young man immediately fell into a scarlet fantasy.After returning home, he almost forgot to sleep and eat like a lovelorn, and he eagerly hoped that there would be a way to get her back.In fact, there is no need for this at all, because what the male protagonist encountered was an accidental event, meeting by chance, breaking up by chance, and so on.I am a cloud in the sky, accidentally projected on your heart, you don't need to be surprised, and you don't need to rejoice. In a blink of an eye, all this will disappear.Taking chance as a match made in heaven is asking for trouble. The article is written here, and there is another tail: when quoting poems in essays, no matter what kind of motivation it is, you can only quote very few poems.After all, a thesis is a thesis, and its unified style cannot be destroyed by poetry.The Mid-Autumn Festival is here, and there are more bright moons in the year tonight.Frontline soldiers, today, I am afraid that they will be conscripted overnight.The people in the rear should launch a labor movement in time to boost the morale of the front. The front is the barrier to the rear, but if the dragon city flying generals are there, Humadu Yinshan is not taught. If the essay is written in this way, wouldn't it be a strange thing?