Chapter 10 Eight, the son said

one This is a matter of spring and autumn. In the state of Chu, someone found a strange thing. It was very big and round, and it seemed to be the fruit of some kind of plant. However, no one had seen this kind of plant before. Eating the flesh inside, the taste is as sweet as honey.That's weird, what's the name of this thing?Go ask Confucius.Confucius replied: This thing?Call Pingshi! In the country of Chen, someone found a dead eagle.The eagle was shot with an arrow, but the arrow was made of stone.How strange, how could there be such an arrow!Go ask Confucius.Confucius said: Such arrows are what Sushen State paid tribute to Zhou Tianzi, and Zhou Tianzi distributed it to Chen Guo.There should be such a thing in the history museum of Chen Guo!

Someone dug a well, and a beast-shaped thing came out. What is it?Go ask Confucius! Someone met Confucius and asked: The money collected by the country from taxes is always not enough to spend, what should I do? Someone asked: Teacher Kong!Where does a person go after death? Someone asked: Teacher!I want to run a farm, please guide me! These things that happened in the Spring and Autumn Period were passed down through books. Recently, someone wrote a biography of Confucius, which used a lot of these records in ancient books.After the biography of Confucius was published, it was erected on a bookshelf for people to visit and buy.The owners of some small bookstalls are relatively small, and they don't welcome the kind of visits that are just for viewing without buying.

Let's say it's Sunday, the weather is fine, and people have withdrawn from offices, schools, factories, put down their work, take their wallets, and rush out onto the road.With a few bills in his pocket, Wu Qiang went to the bookstall to buy a new book.His habit of buying books is to read them first and then buy them. If he thinks they are not good, he will not buy them; even if he thinks they are good, but the book is not worth re-reading in the future, he will not buy it.He went to the bookstall and grabbed the biography of Confucius, and read it first. He saw the records in the book: Someone asked Confucius what kind of antique it was, someone asked Confucius what kind of plant it was, someone asked about finance, and someone asked about agriculture. He looked away from the book and pondered.

The owner of the bookstall saw that Wu Qiang had no intention of buying or leaving immediately, and was very unhappy, so he took advantage of Wu Qiang's ecstasy to grab the biography of Confucius and put it on the bookshelf. This is what the boss said to evict the customer.Wu Qiang was angry, his face was flushed, and he was about to sell the theory of books when he suddenly felt someone pat him on the shoulder. Looking back, it turned out to be Teacher Yang.Seeing Teacher Yang, Wu Qiang blushed even more. Teacher Yang didn't seem to see anything, and raised a new book in his hand to Wu Qiang.That book is the biography of Confucius.

I bought a book, I don’t know if it’s good or not, you should read it first. While talking, while walking, handing the book to Wu Qiang.Wu Qiang took the book, still lost in thought. Wu Qiang, what are you thinking?Teacher Yang smiled. Wu Qiang said with his inflexible lips and tongue: I am very surprised, why did people in the Spring and Autumn Period ask Confucius about everything? yes!It is indeed a bit strange! The sidewalk was crowded with people, the master and the apprentice followed the crowd, and after a short walk, they suddenly found a teahouse with no customers inside.Countless people squeezed past its door, but no one came in for tea.Teacher Yang immediately said: Let's sit here for a while!

The steam rising from the cup brings the aroma of tea.Teacher Yang picked up the topic: It's strange, they ask Confucius everything.They believed that Confucius was very knowledgeable and that what Confucius said was reliable.This is called obedience to authority.He has power, he has prestige, and others must listen to him. This authority is not political power, but the power of knowledge and learning. The greater the knowledge, the greater the power, so it is said that no knowledge equals power.People have the psychology of relying on authority.For example, the business of this teahouse is not good, why is it not good?The boss didn't know either, so he had to ask an expert, who was Confucius in his mind.That person may say, you shouldn't have plastered the walls, you shouldn't have bought wooden chairs, and the store door shouldn't have opened so wide.These words have a power that can make the owner of the teahouse repaint the walls and repair the facade. This is the power of authority.Since authority has this kind of power, people who write papers often carry out authority and use authoritative words to persuade others. This is called citing authority.We often see in other people's articles: what Confucius said, what Jesus said, what Socrates said, what Wang Yangming said, this is citing authority.

The owner of the teahouse is a middle-aged man in his fifties.When he came over to boil the water, he saw the biography of Confucius on the coffee table.He asked by the way: Sir!How much is this book? eight dollars. Is this book good?He found that two customers did not understand why he asked such a question, and immediately added: I want to buy a copy for my child. We haven't seen it yet, so we don't know if it's good or not. Teacher Yang said.That's right, the covers of books these days are all colorful, and I don't know what's inside.The boss left with the kettle on.

Wu Qiang, look at the example in front of you.If this businessman wants to know whether the content of a new book is good, he has to ask an expert.In his mind, we spend a little more time touching books than he does, have a little more judgment on whether a book is good or bad, and he wants to rely on us.For us, we may or may not be able to judge.If we can't, we have to rely on someone more knowledgeable.When we read books and absorb knowledge, the purpose is to know how many experts there are in this field, what are their main opinions, and which book contains their detailed opinions.When it is our turn to express an opinion, we not only state our own opinion, but sometimes also state the source of that opinion, a particular opinion originating from a certain authority.Therefore, one way to write a paper is to cite authority.

Teacher, teach us this lesson? I think it should be taught. two Now Teacher Yang is teaching composition. He coughed, picked up the chalk, looked at the students in the class and said: In this class, what I want to talk about is that he turned around to write on the blackboard, and suddenly he heard a student shouting: "Quoting authority!" Then the whole class laughed. Teacher Yang immediately turned around and said: You are very well informed! There!Wu Qiang's news is well-informed!I don't know who said that. Teacher Yang told everyone how he bought a book on the street, how he met Wu Qiang, and how he talked about Confucius.Confucius was amazing, he knew everything, or in other words, people at that time expected him to know everything. If a person had any difficulties or doubts in his heart, once he met Confucius, he would take the opportunity to ask him face to face.Their problems are varied and extremely complex in nature.Speaking of this, Teacher Yang suddenly raised his voice and said in a commanding tone: "Bring out a piece of paper!"do your homework!

For homework, students are habitually tense and obedient.However, after hearing the topic dictated by Teacher Yang, everyone immediately relaxed: If you met Confucius, what questions would you ask him? Everyone thought about it for a while, brushed their pens and wrote quickly, and all submitted the papers within five minutes.Teacher Yang put those answers on the desk and didn't look at it for the time being.He said something first: In ancient times, there were so many people who asked Confucius questions, so you don't have to be surprised.In fact, we use question marks every day, every hour.Excuse me, do you want to take the next physics test?What's the name of that new classmate?Are big world movies good?How much is the ballpoint pen you bought?Where to go to Xining North Road?There are always questions to ask people.This is the question aloud.There is also a silent question, open the newspaper to find movie reviews, see if the bus stop is okay, open the nutrition booklet, see how many vitamins are in the tomato, and listen to the weather forecast to see whether it will be sunny or rainy tomorrow.Live to be old, ask to be old.

Whoever can answer our questions is the authority in our minds.It's an interesting phenomenon when it comes to authority in our minds.When we are three or four years old, the authority in our mind may be the child who plays with us. He may be older and smarter than us, so he has won our trust.For example, his name is Xiao Ming, and Xiao Ming said that Snow White's bubble gum is better than Happy Prince's bubble gum.Xiao Ming said that the other side of this mountain is the sea.Xiao Ming said that burying the tiles in the soil can turn them into money next year.Based on Xiao Ming's opinion, we argued with our parents and with our brothers and sisters.This is the first stage.After this stage passes, the authority in our mind may change.Xiao Ming's words are not necessarily right, but father's words are right.Our authority is Dad.Yehliu is fun!Who said that?Dad said it!A Dream of Red Mansions is a bad book!Who said that!Dad said it!Dad said the tiger in the zoo had no teeth, so we believed it had no teeth.Dad said that there were two stars in the sky, which were far apart at first, but they would close together on Qixi Festival. On the morning of the eighth day of July, we thought that such a thing had already happened.This is the second stage.After this stage has passed, the authority in our minds has changed again.Dad is not authoritative enough, the teacher at the level is the authority.The third stage passes, and the fourth stage comes again. It is not enough to have only one teacher, we must have many teachers.Some teachers told us that the engine of a car is an internal combustion engine.Some teachers told us that the sun's rays are divided into seven colors.Some teachers told us that carrots are rich in vitamin A.Some teachers told us that the South Pole is as cold as the North Pole, and it is as icy and snowy.We also know that there are teachers behind these teachers, physicists behind physics teachers, and historians behind history teachers.By the fourth stage, we already know that there are three hundred and sixty lines, and there is authority in every action. No matter what kind of questions you have, it is not enough to ask an authority. Only one authority in the world is not enough.I divide our understanding of authority into four stages.I'm going to take a test to see where you stand. He stretched out his hand and took out a piece of homework. The whole class looked at his hand nervously.I only heard him read: If I meet Confucius, I will ask him: Is that Pingshi a big watermelon? Everyone laughed.Teacher Yang also said with a smile: If Confucius studied botany, of course we can ask him. He stared at the pile of homework and took another sheet out of it. This one reads: If I meet Confucius, I want to ask him: Can middle school students fall in love? Everyone laughed harder.Teacher Yang said: You asked before the experts.Confucius has always been very good at answering questions about education and society. Look at another one: If I meet Confucius, I want to ask him: Have you ever deleted the Book of Songs? Mr. Yang applauded: Good question. In our country, there has always been a saying that Confucius deleted poems. It is said that there were originally thousands of poems, but Confucius deleted nine tenths of them, leaving only more than 300 poems, which is the present Book of Songs.However, there are also many people who object to this statement, thinking that Confucius did not delete poems.People on both sides are very knowledgeable, and it can be said that they are all authorities on the study of the Book of Songs. They quarrel, and we can't mediate.Whether Confucius deleted the poem or not, only Confucius himself knows best, and he is the authoritative authority on this issue!Hearing Teacher Yang applaud, several students applauded. He took out another card and read aloud: If I meet Confucius, I will definitely ask him: How can I cure my disease? The next two words are stuttering.When Teacher Yang saw these two words, he secretly yelled that something was wrong.This answer was written by Wu Qiang. He is the only student in the class who has a stuttering disease. If he announces what he wrote in public, wouldn't it make him a laughing stock in the class?It was too late to say it, but it was so fast, I only heard Teacher Yang read: How can I cure my cold? The whole class laughed out loud.When everyone laughed enough, Teacher Yang said: Regarding the question of catching a cold, I heard Confucius answer like this: I will introduce you to a doctor! The smiles that everyone had suppressed just now burst out again. Teacher Yang concluded that people in the Spring and Autumn Period asked Confucius all kinds of questions, some asked about politics, some asked about military affairs, some asked about religion, some asked about archeology, some asked about botany, and some asked about astronomy and meteorology.We cannot do this.There are many types of learning, and no one can master all of them. It is good to be able to master one, and it is great to be able to master two or three.There is something that no one knows. An authority on one subject may be a layman on another.There's no shame in that.It is said that in the time of Confucius, someone asked a question: When is the sun closest to the earth?Morning or noon?If the sun is near the earth at noon, why is it larger in the morning and smaller at noon?If it is closer to the earth in the morning, why is it cool in the morning and hot at noon?It is said that Confucius did not know how to answer this question.It doesn't matter at all, Confucius' expertise is not in this area at all.Today, if someone asks a musician this question, the musician says: I don't know.This is really not unexpected.Whether the sun is closest to the earth, whether in the morning or at night, should not be decided by musicians.If he said: In the morning, or in the evening, no one would believe it, and everyone felt that his words were unreliable, he was not in this field, and he was not an authority. Remember: When writing an essay, don't look for the wrong authority.If Brigitte Bardot says that humans can go to the moon to explore right now, it doesn't count.If the tobacco king says that smoking cigarettes will never cause lung cancer, it is unreliable.To build a house, you should listen to the words of the architect, and to heal the disease, you should listen to the words of the doctor. Don't take his words as authority just because he is a famous person, but first look at the aspects in which he is famous.Zhang Daqian said: The mountains and rivers across the east section of the highway can be compared to the most beautiful mountains and rivers in the world.Does this quote have any value?Has Mr. Zhang Daqian seen many of the most beautiful landscapes?Does he have the ability to appreciate and criticize the beauty of mountains and rivers?He has traveled around the world and seen many scenic spots.He is a painter with an aesthetic eye.His criticism of the mountains and rivers in eastern Taiwan deserves our attention.Who is the authority and who is not, whose words can be quoted and whose words cannot be quoted, this is a matter of knowledge.To cultivate knowledge, read more good books. Today's composition topic is my authority. three In the evening, Mr. Yang opened his textbook and saw a passage: General Bradley, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, once said: NATO is a treaty, but its effectiveness is greater than the atomic bomb.We can also say: a general history of Taiwan, its power exceeds that of Japan's entire army, navy and air force. This is to quote Bradley to demonstrate the importance of mental strength.Seeing this passage, Mr. Yang had an idea. He wanted to extract all the authoritative references in the textbook, print them as handouts, and distribute them to students for review.After reading and copying, I realized that there are not many examples in this regard. (1) There is no country of culture that does not pay attention to its history.The ancients said: A country can be destroyed, but history cannot be destroyed. (2) Yin and yang are rigid and soft, and the creators blend them together, and how much qi is advanced, there are hundreds of millions of grades, so that it is inexhaustible, and everything is born.Therefore, one yin and one yang are called the Tao. (3) In the past, Huang Yizhou, the head of the Nanjing Academy in Jiangyin, had a motto: Seek truth from facts, and don’t play tricks on others.There is only one truth, what is true is what is not, what is true is what is not, and there is nothing else that can be neutralized. (4) Governing the country with music is not unique to the Chinese. Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, also had this ideal. (5) It is reasonable to understand one's bias and try to overcome it.For example, Cheng Zi said: The eyes are most afraid of looking at sharp things, so put some sharp things in the air for a long time, and naturally you will not be afraid. (6) Han Feizi said: It lies in knowing the heart of what is said, and I can say it as it should be.After recognizing the psychological character of the interviewee, evaluating the acceptance of the interviewee, and then talking, it is not difficult to obtain the results of the conversation. (7) Treating freedom as chaos is just ruining freedom, and treating chaos as democracy is only self-destruction.A political thinker in the United States said: Only a democratic country can commit suicide.We are suffering from the suicide of democracy today. (8) The father of the country said: Anyone who studies and solves problems is called alone thinking by one person, dialogue by two people, and meeting by more than three people who follow certain rules.It can be seen that the meeting must have three elements After copying here, someone outside the window suddenly said: Lao Yang, are you still working hard?Looking up, it turned out to be Director Hu. Come in and sit!Mr. Yang closed the book. do not go in.I want to go to the movies, but I can't find a partner, so come on. I just saw one yesterday. I saw it yesterday, but I haven’t seen it today, let’s go!An expert said it well, people in the 20th century open eight things a day, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea, movies! Hearing him cite authority, Mr. Yang smiled and stood up. Sitting in the movie theater, Mr. Hu looked down at the instructions, while Mr. Yang was thinking about the screen.The current screen is so big that it is as big as a wall, and it is so wide that it looks flat. It is called a wide screen or a big screen.I remember that the screen was not like this in the past.In the past, the standard screen was rectangular, and the length and width had a certain ratio. This ratio was called the gold ratio.In the past, the aesthetic authority said that the picture must be in line with the gold standard to be beautiful and good-looking.However, the wide screen has broken this rule. The wide screen does not pay the premium rate, so it is not necessarily unattractive. The film industry is developing towards the wide screen, and the original standard screen is not up to standard. Looking from the screen to the screen, I saw many women hanging on the men's arms and entering the arena one after another. After they sat down, some ate melon seeds and some chewed gum, laughing happily.Mr. Yang thought of the opinions of the authorities on women: women are virtuous if they are ignorant, men are outside and women are inside. Women and men have the same social status, and they are not allowed to have the same meaning of life as men.But look at the situation in the theater today, look at the situation in the school today!Look at Jin Shanbao, Zhao Hua, Hu Yuzhi, how different the situation of those female students is from the situation of their grandmothers when they were young!Ancient authorities are being revised and even overthrown. He recalled a passage in his textbook: There is only one truth, what is true is what is not, what is true is what is not, and there is nothing else that can be neutral.This statement has its authority.According to this theorem, all debates are divided into pros and cons, fighting to the death.However, many people have pointed out that this way of thinking is inappropriate.There is still a temperature between hot and cold. Even if it is hot, there is still a temperature of 100 degrees, 200 degrees, and 500 degrees.Affair is divided into many levels and contains considerable flexibility. Don't divide it into two extremes. While thinking this way, at the same time, I heard two audiences talking behind me: Now, the business of selling eggs is not very good. Why? It is said that experts discovered that there is something in eggs that can harden human blood vessels, and many people no longer eat eggs. In the past, people used to eat eggs to nourish their bodies, and children would buy eggs to honor the elderly.This time the whole thing is reversed! Authority is indeed valuable; however, old authority is often replaced by new authority.Knowledge, like fresh fish, perishes easily.If authority becomes a bad fish, of course it cannot be cited.Should this be taught to students?If you tell them, will they feel confused and conflicted?Would they feel that I was telling them a principle while at the same time breaking it?Can we not talk about this for now, let them find out later?Until the end of the movie, Mr. Yang still couldn't decide what to do.