Chapter 11 Nine, better than

one Our Mr. Yang is a lover of Shakespeare, and often spends a few passages of Hamlet or a stormy night to recover from fatigue and pass the time.When he first read these scripts, he was always completely overwhelmed by the thunderous drama, and he couldn't breathe.Later, after reading it over and over again, I was able to enjoy it freely.Let’s talk about this day, he casually opened a Shakespeare play, and saw a character in the play saying: A person who is in love goes to his lover's date, like a child returning from school, but when he and his lover say goodbye, his face is as depressed as if he was going to school.

After reading this paragraph, Mr. Yang felt very happy.I've never been so happy reading this place before.He liked the metaphor used in this line.Isn't it?When children come to school, they are afraid of exams, checking their homework, and climbing the blackboard. Thinking of the schoolwork burden of the day, they feel very heavy.After school in the afternoon, today's difficulties have been passed, so I showed great interest. The days are long and tiresome, just like a child who makes new clothes and waits anxiously for the dawn on the eve of the festival. Now you are a lonely circle.

New honors are added to him, just like we put on new clothes. Before we get used to them, we always feel a little out of place. He was like an eight-year-old horse now, completely oblivious to his mother. We treat him like a snake egg, and instead of letting it hatch and harm people, it is better to kill him while he is still in the shell. His power is expanding like a first-quarter moon, and one day it will become a bright moon hanging high in the sky. A soldier who cannot judge profit and harm is no different from his sword. He likes these sentences very much.After reading these sentences, I was very happy.How kind and vivid it is to use metaphors to help explain the truth!For example, in literary works, metaphor is the most important and important means, but many people say that it is just a means of expressing emotion and description. Many people say that it shows who is very powerful, and infers that he will continue to be strong. He shouldn't be associated with that irrelevant Mingyue.This statement has its truth.However, Mr. Yang was a bit reluctant to part with those good sentences.He also thought of nature, which is like turbulent water, which flows eastward if it is determined by the east, and flows westward if it is determined by the west.Thinking of how gods are to form, and what benefits are to knives, I have never heard that the knives are gone but the benefits are there.Think of a car with two wheels, and a bird with two wings, so the way of civil and military affairs cannot be neglected.There are many such examples!He put down the book in his hand and took another copy of Bacon's Essays:

Some people like to go from place to place.A fixed concept of right and wrong is considered a kind of shackles. Truth is a pearl, although it shines brighter in broad daylight, but it is no match for diamonds and rubies, and it shines brighter under the changing lights. Beauty, like the fruit of summer, is perishable and cannot last long. Natural plants must be pruned artificially, and human nature must be induced by knowledge. Suspicion is like a bat, always flying in dark places. If a person is considered to be a secret, then people will confide in him, as if the less air in the room, the easier it is to absorb the fresh air from the outside.

The ant is a clever little creature in its own right, but it is the plague of vegetable gardens in many ways.In the same way, the mercenary, though wise in himself, is harmful to others. Seeing these lovely sentences, Mr. Yang thought carefully about the use of metaphors in essays. First of all, he feels that metaphors exist in our writing at any time.We say that Zhang San is Li Si's tool, and the word tool is a metaphor.He modestly calls his son a dog, and the word dog is also a metaphor.The sun is in the middle of the sky, and the stars are arching the moon. The current usages are separated from the celestial phenomena, and the meanings of seeking the skin of a tiger and luring a wolf into a house do not refer to wild animals.Jun Lu sent Mi Zijian, a disciple of Confucius, to serve as an official. Mi Zijian asked Lu Jun for two secretaries to go with him.When he arrived at the office, when the secretary was working, Mi Zijian often pulled his arm from behind. The secretary had no way to work and had to resign.They went back to complain to Jun Lu, and Jun Lu suddenly realized: This is Mi Zijian implying that I must be professional in employing people, and don't interfere with his work casually.This incident left an allusion: restraint.When we use the word "constraint" now, we are actually using a metaphor.The language is full of metaphors, such as constraints, tools, ecstasy, typical, cultural heritage, and stains on personality are all commonly used words in essays.Then, in addition to the conventional metaphors, it doesn't matter if you think of one or two other metaphors, as long as they are appropriate.

Secondly, Mr. Yang thought that using metaphors in essays should not be used as evidence.Metaphors are not evidence. Cars have two wheels, and birds have two wings. They cannot prove that the way of civil and military affairs cannot be neglected.Those who advocate that the way of civil and military affairs cannot be neglected must find other arguments.If he finds reliable evidence, and makes the main content of his article with these evidences, then adding that a car has two wheels and a bird has two wings would seem to be beneficial and harmless.Just like Bacon, he said: The spread of civilization also depends on the power of vanity, and those who despise honor should still put their names on the first page when writing books.Even great figures like Socrates, Aristotle, Green, etc., have a strong sense of vanity.The fame of Cicero, Seneca, and Plinus would have lasted so long if it had not been for the power of vanity. Vanity is like painting a ceiling, making it shine and making it durable.

Then, Mr. Yang thought that although metaphors and evidence should be separated, metaphors and stories can be connected in some ways.When Jesus preached, the prodigal son was a story as well as a parable.The metaphor teaches people to associate A with B, and the prodigal son reminds people of repentance.In this regard, the most obvious and shallow examples are Aesop's fables.A tortoise and a hare were running a race. The hare, confident of his quick legs, ignored the race and fell asleep on the way. The tortoise crawled hard without stopping for a moment, and finally won.This means that if a talented person is unwilling to work hard, his achievements will not be as good as a very hardworking person with poor talent.A crow, very thirsty, was delighted to find a water bottle, but there was too little water in it for his beak to touch.He wanted to push the water bottle down and let the water flow out to drink again, but he didn't have enough strength.Later, he saw some small stones nearby, so he picked up the small stones and threw them into the bottle.When there were more stones, the water rose until it reached the mouth of the bottle, and he finally drank the water.This is to say: problems that cannot be solved by force must be solved with wisdom.These stories can all be used as metaphors.

After some thought, Mr. Yang decided to teach his students to use metaphors in their essays.He remembered that telling parables was a matter of rhetoric.He found rhetoric from the bookshelf, opened it, and found that it was densely packed, and many cases were designed using metaphors, which were very trivial and difficult to remember, and it was difficult to distinguish between some cases.He thought: Don't worry about these expressions for now, the so-called metaphor is to use A to compare B, so that people can understand A from B.The way it is written is: A is like B. People who go on a lover's date are like kids after school.A violent person is like a tiger or a wolf.Lonely as a circle.His power is like the bright moon in the sky.Suspicion is like a bat.Knowledge is like fresh fish.These are all metaphors.

Using this basic sentence pattern A, like B, has three limitations. 1. A and B are two different things.Date-seekers are not the same as school kids, lonely people are not the same as circles, suspicions are not the same as bats.Only when they are different can they be compared. 2. There is a similarity between A and B.The people who go to the appointment are happy, and the children after school are also happy.When a person is alone, he feels that he has nothing, and a circle seems to have nothing.Suspicion breeds in the dark, and bats fly in the dark.With this similarity, it can only be compared later.

3. When A and B are compared, the main body is A, and B only helps us understand A.If A is relatively unknown to us, B should be familiar to us; if A is undecided, B should be determined; if A is to be proved, B should be proven.We already know that bats fly in the dark, so we understand that suspicion grows in the dark; we already know that fresh fish are easy to go bad, and knowledge itself has a metabolism.Use the familiar to compare the unfamiliar, and use the credible to compare the unbelievable. After the comparison, it is easy to compare. The sentence pattern that A is like B can be slightly changed, that is, omit A and not mention it, and only say B, and the words like 益 are also omitted.The wolf who led the wolf into the house is the result of omitting the person like a wolf.Although only the word wolf is said, we can still know from the context that there is not a real wolf in this sentence, only an unkind person.Suihan, and then know that the pines and cypresses wither, there is only B in this sentence.No armor.If A is added, it is probably when the morality of the society is degraded that the personality of a gentleman will appear, just like the pine and cypresses and long springs will only appear in winter.

In this way, after I figured it out, I wrote down the outline on paper, and prepared to find an opportunity to tell the students. two In the morning self-study, Mr. Yang took his students to review the class. The text was Jia Ren Crossing the River written by Liu Ji.It is said that there was a rich merchant who opened a shop in the city. The city was next to a river. There was no bridge on the river, and a ferry was needed to cross the river.One day, the merchant went out. He put on new clothes, took his purse, went to the river, and got on the ferry.Unexpectedly, when the boat arrived in the middle of the river, it suddenly capsized.The merchant, with his new clothes and his purse, went into the water.The river is so deep that it is absolutely possible to drown a person.Fortunately, something floated over it, it was a mess of grass, such floating grass is often found in the river.He grabbed the floating weed and yelled for help.A fisherman was fishing nearby, and when he heard the shout, he drove the boat to rescue people.Seeing the fishing boat approaching, the businessman was very happy and grateful, so he grabbed the money bag. Fortunately, he still held the money bag tightly in his hand and shouted: Help me!I'll give you one hundred taels of silver.One hundred taels of silver!This is a big number.The fisherman didn't expect to get such a generous reward, but since the other party voluntarily paid so much, he thought he was qualified to accept it.The situation is very critical, and the floating grass may scatter or sink at any time.Fortunately, the fisherman arrived in time, and after a lot of effort, he rescued the merchant from the boat and helped him ashore.When they got to the shore, the merchant gave the fisherman ten taels of silver as a reward.The fisherman said: You promised me one hundred taels, but now you only give ten taels, which is not good!The businessman was very upset, so he asked a question: How much money can you earn from fishing for a day?The fisherman had no choice but to take the silver and walk away disappointed.It was no coincidence that a few months later, the merchant was on a boat, and the boat capsized again, and the fisherman happened to see it next to him.At the moment when the boat capsized, the businessman shouted for help, but the fisherman refused to go. He said, "Last time, you cost me ninety taels of silver. Who will save you this time?"Since there was no one to save lives, and the businessman couldn't swim, and there was no floating grass on the surface of the water this time, the businessman soon sank into the water and was never seen again. There were two reactions in the class to this story.someone said: How cruel! Another voice came out at the same time: deserve it!From these two responses, Mr. Yang got a composition question, that is: Should the fisherman save the businessman? He selected a few papers from the composition book, corrected them properly, and printed them out as handouts. first time Should the fisherman save the merchant?In my opinion, he should save the businessman. When others are in trouble, we should help them; when others are in danger, we should rescue them.So, we see a blind man on the road and we want to lead him across the street; we see an old lady at the door of a car and we want to help her out; we see a child falling down and we want to pull him up.This is what we should do. In this world, many people risk their lives to help others, and there are also many people who use their extra strength to help others easily.Take a fisherman as an example, he often lives on water, he can drive a boat and swim, the boat is his home, and the river is their road.That businessman can't do it, he doesn't know water, and he is afraid of water when he sees it.In the water, the merchant is the weak, and the fisherman is the strong. If a strong man saves a weak man, he does not need to take any risks. He can just use his excess strength.In the past, there was no life-saving equipment at the place where the river was crossed, and those who fell into the water were rescued automatically by nearby fishermen.Those fishermen are the ancient lifeguards. Those with power should help those without power.Those who know water should help those who cannot.Those who are safe should help those who are in danger.So, the fisherman should go and save the businessman.Now fishermen care about rewards and refuse to save them because they value money too much and their responsibilities too lightly. part two Once upon a time, somewhere, there was a court.One day, the court tried the suspect. The defendant was a businessman in his fifties. He was charged with fraud.He asked people to do things for him, and promised to give them one hundred taels of silver, but when the work was done, he was only willing to pay ten taels.He broke his promise and should be punished.So the judge stood up and said: Sentence you to death!Pull it out and shoot it! If there is such a judgment, it is too unfair.People in the auditorium must shout: No!no! A businessman fell into the river and offered a reward of one hundred taels of silver for a rescuer.A fisherman rescued him to the shore, and he was only willing to pay ten taels of silver.This is too inappropriate.That fisherman must have been very resentful.The second time, the merchant capsized again and needed someone to rescue him, but the fisherman stood by and stood by.The fisherman thought to himself: This time you should be punished?The fisherman himself considered himself a judge, and the river was his court.you die!Here's the verdict.Those of us who were watching had to shout out: This is too much!It's so unfair! Should the fisherman save the merchant?Above is my answer. Part Three At school, the flag is raised every morning.When the flag is raised, we all have to line up and salute the flag.After the flag is raised, the teacher will check the number of students. If the student did not participate in the flag raising and did not ask for leave, the teacher must give him a severe punishment.If the teacher doesn't care, more and more people will not participate in the flag raising. The teacher asked us to cut our nails.I don't know when, the teacher taught us to reach out and make a surprise inspection.A small demerit was made for anyone who hadn't trimmed his nails.Thinking about it carefully, it's really wrong to write a demerit for the nails.However, if this punishment is not given, everyone will forget to cut their nails, and the nails will grow very long and dirty. There are many people in the society who don't have faith, and only take advantage of themselves and teach others to suffer.This kind of person is too immoral.But who will punish them?No.Since no one punishes them, there are more and more people like them.Pastors often say: People’s hearts are so bad that sooner or later a big fire will come down from the sky and burn the people in a city to death.why?In order to give these people a serious warning? The businessman is a broken man.Since he was not faithful, he asked the fisherman to punish him.The fisherman punished him too harshly, but there was nothing he could do about it, in order to give others a warning.Otherwise, there will be more and more bad people in the world, and the sky fire will have to be used to burn them. three Why did I choose these three essays for you to read?Teacher Yang said his reasons: In the first article, its ideological framework is that those who have the power to save others should save those who are powerless to protect themselves.A fisherman has the strength to save a person who falls into the water, but a businessman cannot protect himself after falling into the water, so the fisherman should rescue the businessman.The whole article is arranged according to this skeleton.At the beginning of this article, I said that my conclusion came: I think he should save the businessman.Draw conclusions first, and then give reasons.The ancients called this kind of writing straight to the point, but today people call this kind of writing the verdict style.In the judgment of the court, the main text is always written first, and then the reasons.In textbooks, some texts are written like this.picture: Are things difficult or easy in the world?For this, what is difficult is also easy.If you don't do it, what is easy is also difficult!Peng Duanshu, put forward the conclusion first. Freedom is not chaos, democracy is organization.Tao Xisheng, put forward the conclusion first. In the second article, the skeleton of thought is that the crime and the punishment should be commensurate, and the person who committed the crime of fraud should not be killed, so the fisherman should not kill the businessman.The way this article is written is to tell a story first.This story seems to have nothing to do with the topic, but the author's conclusion has already been hidden in it.Peng Duanshu's poem "Show Your Nephew and Nephew for Learning" is also written in the same way, but the story is placed in the middle of the article. The ideological skeleton of the third article is that minor crimes and heavy punishments can be used as an example.Although the businessman's crime is light, the punishment might as well be severe.Therefore, the fisherman does not need to save the merchant.This is a bit like using heavy codes to rule troubled times.Where does the author's idea that minor crimes and heavy punishments can be used as an example to others come from?It comes from raising the flag, from cutting the nails, in other words, it comes from induction.He summed up this conclusion, and then used this conclusion to solve the problem of whether the fisherman should save the merchant. Teacher Yang raised his voice and said: Apart from these, I would like to remind you that metaphors are also very important in essays.There are many metaphors in the first article. I added these metaphors. I want you to take a look. With these metaphors, does the reasoning become clearer and more fluent?Read it more intimately and vividly? He wrote the metaphor from the first composition on the blackboard: 1. The boat was his home, and the river was their road. 2. Those fishermen were lifeguards in ancient times. Mr. Yang continued: In the second article, it is better to use metaphors.The author tells a story first, and the story itself is a metaphor.With this big metaphor, we can add the small metaphor that follows.We can say that the fisherman is the judge, that the river bank is the court, and that the reader is the audience in the gallery.The right and wrong of the truth seem to be set off more clearly. However, how to use metaphors?Mr. Yang roughly said what he thought that night. Finally, Mr. Yang said: There is one thing that I almost forgot to tell you.This composition, a classmate wrote very special.He said that he didn't know whether the fisherman should rescue the merchant again. Thinking about it, it seemed that he should, and thinking about the past, it seemed that he shouldn't.He said he couldn't decide, and when others discussed the issue, he intended to be a centrist. Everyone laughed. For such a neutral faction, there is a comparison, what is the comparison? Weeds!A classmate said. bat!Another classmate said.