Chapter 9 Chapter 8 The End of the World Story

one I read a foreign novel a few years ago. I have forgotten the author's country and name, but I still have an impression of the basic plot.A loving couple invited a friend to go camping and hunting in the mountains. Along the way, the husband was driving while humming a tune, while the wife and friend sat in the back seat.But suddenly, the tune on the husband's lips stopped abruptly, because he glimpsed in the mirror that his wife's hand and his friend's hand were quietly clasped together.The husband was dizzy, he was so angry that he couldn't attack, and the car was driving erratically.When he finally arrived at the campsite, the husband rode a horse without saying a word and went hunting alone. He galloped wildly, full of hatred for his wife and friends.He found a deer, and felt that it was the object of his hatred, that it was his unfaithful wife, so he grabbed the rein and chased it fiercely, aiming his gun again and again, and of course the deer ran away desperately.I don't know how far I chased or how long I ran, but I only know that the wind is blowing in my ears and the mountains are receding rapidly until it is dark.Suddenly the deer stopped, stood in one place and turned back to him. He was very surprised. He looked up and saw that this was the end of the mountain, and there was an unfathomable cliff in front of him.The eyes of the deer are clear and beautiful, but helpless and desolate.He put down the shotgun numbly, and reined in slumpedly. He couldn't recognize the way back, so he could only let the horse carry him forward step by step.I still don’t know how long I’ve been walking, and suddenly I heard a woman’s voice calling my name in the distance, and I approached. Under the hazy moonlight, my wife’s face was pale, and her eyes were clear and beautiful, helpless and desolate.

I vaguely remember that the most eye-catching thing about this novel is the beautiful fusion of psychological dynamics and Mercedes-Benz dynamics, but for me, what I can't get rid of is the look of the deer suddenly looking back when it is facing desperation. This kind of look is shocking to all human beings. An important evidence is that there is a similar folktale in China.The story happened in Hainan Island. A young hunter was also chasing a deer. The deer kept running south, and finally stopped suddenly on the edge of a cliff. There was an endless sea in front of it. Shine with a lust for life.The hunter was overwhelmed by this brilliance, and in an instant the two communicated, and the deer became a maiden and married him.Of course, the end of this story falls into a Chinese-style set, but the look in the eyes before falling into the set is still very moving.

There is a fundamental premise for the establishment of the two stories, that is, it must happen in a place where there is no way to go.If there is still a way to go, then looking back will become a kind of half-way summation, which is not quite right.Only at the remotest corners of the earth and the cliffs and death valleys, when life is forced to the final frontier, does everything become profound. Entering this kind of situation, you may be chased by others, you may break in accidentally, or you may be looking for something intentionally; once you enter, you may flee in a hurry, may not return, may change from a beast to a human, or from a human Beast-changing, may radiate philosophical thinking, may reverse emotions, may despise the ordinary, may also desire the ordinary, in short, all of them rise to an extraordinary level.The two stories mentioned above are based on the framework of love. If this framework is removed, the profundity of the ends of the earth and the cliffs and valleys of death may be more obvious.

Hemingway wrote at the beginning of his "The Snows of Kilimanjaro": Kilimanjaro is a 19,710-foot snow-covered mountain that is said to be the tallest mountain in Africa.The west peak is called E'aqi'ayi of the Maasai people, that is, the temple of God.Near the west peak, there is a dead leopard that has been dried and frozen.No one has explained what leopards are looking for in such an alpine place. This leopard is more majestic than those two deer. The strength of our Hainan deer is that it has jumped from legend to geography: at the southern end of the island, there is really a cliff called Luhuitou.People know that although there are some sporadic small islands in the southern waters of Hainan Island, as far as the whole land is concerned, it is exactly the southern tip of the land of China, so it has become the real end of the world for the Chinese nation.That being the case, the deer's return will be no small matter.Chinese emperors sit facing south, Chinese houses are built facing south, and the compass invented by China magically points to the south forever. Countless stone lions, iron bulls, bronze horses, and pottery figurines on the land of China are also standing or crawling facing the south. , these kinds of gazes passed through the mountains and across the rivers and lakes, all confusedly inquiring about the blue sky and the South China Sea, inquiring about the end of a grand social psychology trend, the limit of a thousand-year-long struggle and yearning, and the beautiful deer As soon as he turned around, he caught all eyes.In this way, it is more majestic than Hemingway's leopard.

Over the years, Hainan Island has become a lively destination. Many of my friends and students often call from there to report various news. They happily start businesses and take risks there. I myself have been there more than once.Life there was strange and new compared with the mainland, even with its open coastal areas.Under the huge statue of Luhuitou, in front of the stone carvings at the ends of the earth, in the cottage of Tongshi, on the road around the island surrounded by coconut trees, I kept thinking, what kind of island is this?What is its unique significance to the continent across the sea?Can all mainlanders who set foot on its land and call themselves sea trespassers truly understand it?Not long ago, I read an article written by overseas writer Chen Ruoxi on Hainan Island, and I was moved by her careful love.So far, I have not found a complete and systematic book describing the history of Hainan Island. It is said that a Japanese wrote one, but I have not read it yet.In any case, everyone knows very little about the history of Hainan, which cannot be concealed.I don't know it well, but let it bear the heavy responsibility of modern times, I think it is unfair to it.Over the years, when I explored the various regional cultures on the Central Plains one by one, I always faintly felt a distant gaze looking back from the ends of the earth to the Central Plains.I began to pay attention to it, and picked up bits and pieces of signs about it in the historical data.Today, I feel that it is possible to talk about its story roughly.

two Hainan Island has been inhabited for a long time, and these people have had contacts with the mainland for a long time. During the contact process, there were friendships and hatreds. These are all no problems.For a long period of time, both Hainan Island and Southern Guangdong were basically in a state of barrenness, and the few ancestors in the barrenness maintained a primitive ecology that is difficult for us to guess today.The southernmost two of the Kyushu prefectures demarcated in "Shangshu‧Yugong" and "Lushi Chunqiu" during the Warring States period are Yangzhou and Jingzhou, which shows that Hainan is still far beyond the boundaries of civilization.As the name suggests, the Warring States Period was a time when politicians and military strategists were particularly busy. In Hainan Island, one heard only ripe coconuts falling quietly from the trees, slapping, slapping, falling for thousands of years.Beside the coconut trees, the sea waves are rolling day and night, and the vines and kudzu are fluttering.

It seems that the mainlanders looked at the island more seriously from an administrative perspective in the Han Dynasty.The observers were two Southern Expedition officers who were both called General Fubo, Lu Bode in the Western Han Dynasty and Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty.They galloped left and right on the land of South China successively, opened up borders and expanded land, and by the way, they also took a rough look at this isolated island suspended beyond the vast expanse of blue waves, and then set up two counties, Zhuya and Dan'er, and included them in the Chinese territory .But this kind of inclusion is really sloppy. The indigenous slang and the foreign officials and soldiers can't get along, and sharp conflicts break out again and again.For a long time, all the outsiders had to evacuate and board wooden boats to cross the sea and return to the mainland, leaving Hainan Island in a state of freedom.Of course, there will be soldiers to conquer it later, but it is almost impossible to stay there quietly.After going in and out several times, Hainan Island has become a scary place.The reason for the fear cannot be said to be unable to deal with the resistance of the locals, which will arouse the anger of the rulers: How can I be resisted by these natives?Therefore, the generals can only say that the soil and water are not acclimatized, the atmosphere of the earth is poisonous, and they are prone to diseases, and the soldiers cannot come back after going.

A few days ago, I was looking through the twenty-five histories in order to find information on Hainan. I read a passage in "Three Kingdoms", saying that Sun Quan, the ruler of Dongwu during the Chiwu period, repeatedly conquered Hainan Island. Cong's Zhejiang people strongly opposed it.He said: How can the power of the Holy Dynasty not be overcome?However, it is in a foreign land, isolated from the barrier sea, and the water, soil and air are poisonous, which has existed since ancient times. When soldiers enter and the people leave, disease will inevitably arise, phases will be polluted, and those who have gone are afraid that they will not be able to return. How much can they gain?

(Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Shanghai Bookstore, 1986 edition of "Twenty-Five Histories", Volume 2, "Three Kingdoms", page 168) Sun Quan didn't listen to him, and sent troops to Hainan with high spirits.As a result, eighty to ninety percent of the soldiers died after traveling such a long distance for more than a year.Sun Quan regretted it, and talked about the matter with Quan Cong again, and praised Quan Cong's foresight. Quan Cong said that many of the officials at the time understood it, but they did not raise objections, which I thought was disloyal.

The Three Kingdoms is an era of heroes, and heroes have not really conquered Hainan.So, what kind of character is Hainan waiting for? Totally beyond people's expectations, after more than 200 years of Sun Quan's southern expedition, a woman surnamed Xian who was born in Yangjiang, Guangdong today, settled in Hainan almost permanently with her personality and charm.In 527 A.D., that is, the year when Li Daoyuan, a geographer who was particularly concerned about the Chinese territory, died, this woman surnamed Xian married Feng Bao, the prefect of Gaoliang, and began to assist her husband effectively in managing the Chinese territory. A large piece of land near the sea at the southern end, including Hainan Island.Her husband Feng Bao died of illness, and the frequent wars in the Central Plains also caused chaos in southern Guangdong. This middle-aged woman had no choice but to get on the horseback herself.For the sake of stability, for the sake of the people's livelihood, and for the harmony among the nations, she has been commanding and acting with gentleness and gentleness for decades.Finally, she became the most prestigious ruler of southern Guangdong and a large part of Hainan Island, and the title of Mrs. Xian was resoundingly resounding among the coconut trees and beaches.Until Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty unified China, Mrs. Xian, as a female chief, led the subordinate states and counties to join them, welcomed the officials sent by the central government, eliminated the local rebel forces, and established an unprecedented affinity between Lingnan and the Central Plains.

Mrs. Xian is a long-lived woman. If marriage is the beginning of her career in politics, then by the time of her death, she had been in politics for more than 70 years.Judging from the coordinates of the Central Plains culture, it was an era when Liu Xie wrote "The Literary Mind and Carving Dragons" and Yan Zhitui wrote "Yan's Family Instructions"; and in their south, a woman was Zhengwei Zhen Haitian.She looked back at the Central Plains from time to time, from the prospering gaze to the hazy and loving eyes, she was always so kind.People from the Central Plains were surprised and flustered when they saw this look from the direction of blocking the sea and the poisonous water and soil. The scene here is a bit like the young man chasing a deer. Then, put away the bow and arrow, rein in the horse, and give the warmest smile.The government of the Sui Dynasty canonized her first as Mrs. Song Kangjun, and then as Mrs. Qiaoguo. After her death, she was named Mrs. Chengjing.There is little information to let us know Mrs. Xian's appearance and demeanor when she was young, but her charm seems beyond doubt.Until today, more than a thousand years later, there are still hundreds of temples for Mrs. Xian on both sides of the Qiongzhou Strait, and there are commemorative activities every year, with hundreds of thousands of voluntary participants at every turn, which is surprising.My student Wen Xinguo worked in Guangdong after graduation. He was shocked by the great charm of a woman who has maintained it for more than a thousand years. He spent ten years studying Mrs. Xian and wrote a series of successful literary works.In his writing, Mrs. Xian is an ancestor of the current Li nationality, while her husband Feng Bao is a Han.This reminded me suddenly that among the many ethnic minorities in our country, there are several ethnic groups with particularly beautiful appearance, and the Li ethnic group is one of them.The beauty of Li girls is first of all eyes. The openness and depth of the sea and the fiery passion of the tropics are all hidden in the long and flickering eyelashes.Mrs. Xian devoted this look to Chinese history, which is both rare and playful in Chinese history. A feminized existence in a still barren and primitive background｜This is the image of Hainan Island that had been established before the heyday of the Tang Dynasty.Since then, China will go through thousands of years of bloody slaughter in endless ethnic disputes, but it is generally peaceful in Hainan Island. three From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, China's humanistic territory gradually changed, and more and more elements of civilization poured southward.Hainan Island is the ultimate recipient of this overall change. Originally, China has always used the Central Plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as its economic and political center since the Shang Dynasty. Flee south.During the reign of Jin Yongjia, there was an allusion that hundreds of thousands of northern scholars and women moved south due to the war, and this allusion became more and more intense during the Tang and Song Dynasties.Li Bai, a poet, has seen many times that the northerners ran southward due to social chaos, as they did during the Yongjia period.In addition to large-scale southward migration, forces that failed in political strife were often relegated to Lingnan, and some officials with hidden thoughts made multiple choices to regard this place as a safe zone. In Volume 65 of "New History of the Five Dynasties" compiled by Ouyang Xiu, there is a biography about how a Lingnan military officer named Liu Yin protected the Chinese and Koreans who went south due to various reasons. It mentioned the overall background at that time: At that time, the world was in chaos, and the scholars of the Chinese dynasty were farthest from the mountains, so they could open up land and travel more; Famous officials in the Tang Dynasty who were relegated to the south often had descendants, or those who were unable to return the officials due to chaos at that time, were all Keling Biao. (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Shanghai Bookstore, 1986 edition of "Twenty-Five Histories", Volume 6, "New History of the Five Dynasties", page 87) Here, the famous officials of the Tang Dynasty who were relegated to the south often had descendants, as evidenced by Li Deyu.Li Deyu was the son of Li Jifu, a famous prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He was also a prime minister himself.The exile of such a high-ranking official must be accompanied by his family, so Li Deyu's descendants have been multiplied in Hainan Island. It is said that the Li surname of Nanqiu Village, Da'an Township, Ledong County, is basically his descendant.Having lived on the island for more than a thousand years, of course they have become authentic Hainanese. These ordinary villagers who live under the coconut grove do not know that their family’s succession in Hainan began with a strong sense of a foreign land. . In ancient times, when the means of transportation were very backward, the psychological barrier caused by the turbulent Qiongzhou Strait was almost insurmountable.At that time, those in power at the imperial court also regarded the exile in Hainan as the most severe and the last level of exile because of the existence of this strait, which was only a few steps away from the whole family.People like Li Deyu who were exiled here and still retain a strong sense of the imperial capital will naturally suffer even more.Judging from the poems left behind, he also noticed the sugar palms, coconut leaves, and red hibiscus flowers in Hainan Island, but all these aroused his yearning for the scenery of his hometown, and in the end it all became a thorn in his heart. Can't talk about it.He did not expect that this ecological environment is far more important than the political environment that he is always concerned about. When his enemies and friends are all gone, his descendants will live forever in this ecological environment.He didn't even wipe away the tears and take another look at the eternal sugar palms, coconut leaves, and red hibiscus flowers. The people of Hainan Island commemorated him and the other four officials who were relegated to Hainan as the Five Lords. They built temples and statues upright, generation after generation.The other four of the five princes were all born in the Song Dynasty. They were all exiled to Hainan for advocating resistance to gold, and they were all at the level of prime minister and deputy prime minister.For a while, so many prime ministers came to Hainan, which is really interesting.Those in power advocating for peace seem to want to play a little joke on these impassioned political opponents: Why do you always focus on the northern territory and talk endlessly about anti-gold and anti-gold?Then resist it｜I was thrown to the southernmost point. But no matter who these people come, it is a big event on the island, and they should say a few words. Let me talk about Li Gang first.Song Gaozong was the prime minister, but later Song Gaozong changed his mind and exiled him to Wan'an (now Wanning), Hainan.In November 1128, Li Gang and his son crossed the sea to Qiongzhou, and asked people about Wan'an's whereabouts. They said that Wan'an was five hundred miles away from here. .It is inevitable to be robbed when walking the mountain road. Most people always go to Wenchang first to take a sea boat. If they are lucky and have a favorable wind, they can get there in three days.When Li Gang heard this, he was taken aback. He had already arrived in Qiongzhou and there were still so many difficult journeys to go!He shook his head and let out a long sigh. He found a place to stay and prepared to go on the road. Unexpectedly, after only three days, someone from the mainland rushed to inform him that he had been pardoned.That was a great joy.I was happy with tears for several days, chose an auspicious day, and went back across the sea on December 16th. I stayed in Hainan Island for a total of 20 days, like a short-term trip.In the short term, let’s take a short term. Hainan Island still accepts the debt, and counts you seriously, and counts you as coming with grievances and integrity, and enshrines it in the temple to commemorate it forever. Let's talk about Zhao Ding.He also served as prime minister twice during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. He was relegated to the Jiyang Army of Hainan Island (now Yacheng) because of his advocacy of resisting Jin and falling out with Qin Hui.He came to the island in 1145, and the former officials of his family did not dare to communicate with him anymore, but Qin Hui watched him from time to time across the sea, and he was always struggling with disease and hunger.In the third year of going to the island, he asked someone to cross the sea to bring a message to his son: Qin Hui will not let me go, if I die, you will be fine, but if I don't die, you will be in trouble.So he went on a hunger strike and died. Before he died, he wrote a funeral inscription for himself. The text reads: He rides on the tail of a skip and returns to heaven, Qi makes mountains and rivers strong for this dynasty. The case with Zhao Ding was Li Guang, who was the deputy prime minister, and Hu Quan, who was the editor of the Privy Council. They were also exiled to Hainan Island at about the same time.Li Guang and Zhao Ding had sung together in poetry, and Zhao Ding had just committed suicide by hunger strike when Hu Quan came.Li Guang and Hu Quan lived on Hainan Island for a long time and did not return to the mainland until Qin Hui's death in 1156.In this way, it is possible for them to experience Hainan Island calmly.Li Guang, in particular, lived in Hainan Island for more than ten years until he was in his 80s. His case has affected more than 50 families, and his eldest son who came to Hainan Island with him died before him. It is really miserable enough to report and escalate again and again, but his mentality is getting stronger and stronger, because he has identified with Hainan Island, and he can enjoy the natural scenery around him with gusto.Life is very difficult, but as long as he hears that there is pork for sale in the market, he will happily ask Xiaobing to inform a few friends to eat: Yan Le Cao Piao Kong Rice Vegetables, Mr. Hugh sighs that there is no fish in food. The soldier knows that I have to entertain guests, There are pigs in the market this morning. Li Guang fell in love with Hainan and sincerely hoped that it would get better.He supports the development of local education, recalling that Confucius once hoped that the State of Lu would become a civilized Zhou Dynasty. If Hainan can also vigorously promote the education of Confucianism, Confucius' ideal may be realized here!After thousands of years of practice, the nun turned the South China Sea into the Eastern Zhou Dynasty｜He wrote his confidence in Hainan Island in poems.On the day the county school was completed, he was happier than anyone else. He didn't even look forward to being pardoned and returned, but romantically imagined how to build a long bridge across the Qiongzhou Strait to connect Hainan Island with the mainland: Haibei and Hainan, Each side of the sky. I am old forever, The two places look at each other from a distance. Sitting in the Sugar Nut Nunnery, Keep this long. Gu Zi moaned, Across the air junction fly beam. Those who come here, Fish salt becomes mulberry! It is really a whimsical wish, and Hainan Island has made him unable to let go. This is Hainan Wugong.There is an eye-catching couplet on the big pillar on the second floor of Wugong Temple, which reads: The kings of the Tang and Song Dynasties were not widowed, People in Qiongya have a romantic relationship. It means that these heroes with high integrity and knowledge were exiled to Hainan Island, not because the rulers of the Tang and Song dynasties were immoral, but because of our fate in Hainan Island, otherwise how could we have made friends with such great people!These meanings and sentences were written by Hainanese, so simple and honest, I was very moved when I looked up and read them. Among the great figures who were demoted to Hainan Island, Su Dongpo was more famous than Wugong.Su Dongpo was over sixty years old when he was exiled to Hainan Island. Those villains who were enemies of him in the political circles played tricks on him for so many years and still did not let him go, and finally drove him to an isolated island. To say that he is very detached from this unreal.Originally, he always thought that it was over when he was relegated to Huizhou, Guangdong, far away from the capital and his hometown. He worked hard to build a house there, and took his children and grandchildren to live together. cross the sea.Su Dongpo thought that he was already so old, and when he arrived in Hainan, he would first make a coffin, then find a cemetery, wait for his death quietly, and forget about being buried overseas.As soon as I arrived in Hainan, I encountered serious difficulties in basic necessities of life.He farms by himself, brews his own wine, and makes his own ink when he wants to write. Sadness often creeps into his heart.However, he is him after all, and he quickly raised his eyes to discover the joy of life and beauty in the midst of hardships and hardships, and began to represent the highest level of Chinese civilization to evaluate Hainan Island. He found that Hainan Island did not actually have the so-called poisonous gas in the rumors, and it was stated that there was nothing wrong with it.He paid homage to the Temple of Mrs. Xian in the place of exile, grasping the soul of the island.Stretching from this, he investigated the Li nationality and paid homage to Limu Mountain, the birthplace of the Li nationality. Duo is no worse than Jiangnan. Su Dongpo lived more and more happily in Hainan.Sick and weak, he drank a few sips of wine and blushed, and the children thought he was rejuvenated: A sick man in lonely Dongpo, The white beard is scattered in the frosty wind. The child is mistakenly happy that Zhu Yan is here, Smile and know that it is wine red! Sometimes when the wine ran out, the rice ran out, and the ships from the mainland hadn’t arrived for a long time, he would figure out when the landlord would offer sacrifices to the stove, and prepared to have a hearty meal: The northern boat does not reach rice like pearls, Drunk and depressed for half a month without. Tomorrow, the East's family will serve as a sacrificial stove, A cockfight with wine will decide me. He has several friends surnamed Li, who often visit each other. When the weather is good, he likes to stand at the door of his friends and watch the passers-by. When it rains, he borrows local coconut hats and wooden clogs to wear them and go home. Women and children laughed at his strange appearance, and even the dogs barked at him.He asked women, children and dogs: Are you laughing at me?Call me weird? Sometimes when he was half drunk, he went to visit friends in a daze, and the children greeted him with blowing onion leaves. He only remembered that his residence was west of the cow pen, and he searched for cow dung all the way back.Two lovely little poems describe the scene: Half awake and half drunk, I asked Zhu Li, Bamboo thorns and rattan tips are fans every step of the way. But looking for cattle and arrows to find the way back, The home is in the west of Niupen. There are three or four children from the Li family in Zongjiao, Mouth blowing onion leaves to welcome Weng. Don't think about the end of the world, There is the wind of dancing fish by the stream. In the last two sentences, the poet has regarded Wanli Tianya as an ideal state. Spring is here, and the scenery is even more beautiful. Su Dongpo, who has not written lyrics for a long time, couldn't help but hummed another "Mulan Flower": Spring cattle and spring sticks, infinite spring breeze comes to sea. Make beggars work in spring, dyed peach red like flesh red. Spring relies on spring to win, and a gust of spring wind blows the wine to wake up. It is not like the end of the world, but it is like snowflakes when it is rolled up. This irrepressible rhythm of joy, who would have thought that it would come from the heart of an old demoted official.Su Dongpo lived in Hainan Island for three years and returned to the north when he was amnesty. The two poems he recited on the way home can be used as a summary of this experience: Nine deaths in the Southern Desolation I do not hate, You Qi is the best in his life. In this way, the trip to Hainan was the strangest and most interesting encounter in his life!As the cultural master said, Hainan Island is also worthy of the history of Chinese culture. At this point, we might as well take another look at the overall image of Hainan Island in the Tang and Song Dynasties.Whether it is Wu Gong's hatred or Su Dongpo's injustice, it is not clear.The factions and political opinions of the Tang and Song courts were too difficult for it.It didn't prepare too many words to encourage the wronged to take revenge, and it didn't have the mind and strength to mobilize people to fight against the court.It only has nourishing wind, warm water, hearty smile, white teeth, and twinkling eyes. People from the mainland will stay here no matter how scarred they are. They will neither listen to your appeal nor sigh with you, just let you Calm down a little before you know it, and try to have a fun day.Not long after coming, I will go back to give a warm farewell, and I can feel at ease if I can't look forward to the time when I can't go back.I am happy for you that my reputation has been restored when I go back. When I go back, I am still guilty of serious crimes, but I comfort you gently.It doesn't matter whether you are young or old when you first come, whether you are single or the whole family can arrange it.When you leave, you will be completely relocated to carry your bags and suitcases. If you want to leave some descendants to continue living, it is more convenient for you to keep the wooden house under the coconut grove. ｜All this reminds me of a simple village woman with maternal beauty. So we also touched a long-lasting secret about Hainan Island.Su Dongpo said in such a mysterious tone that I don't hate Nanhuang after nine deaths, and Zi Youqi is the best in his life, and people should understand it.The old poet seemed to have bumped into an unexpected love affair, inadvertently met a soft, peaceful, and natural female civilization. The female civilization mentioned here has something to do with Lao Tzu's idea of ​​being gentle and feminine.Lao Tzu said that the maternal civilization (Xuan Min Zhi Men) that nourishes all things is continuous, and sometimes it seems to be inexhaustible, but it is inexhaustible when needed.He also said that no matter how majestic this kind of civilization is, it maintains a gentle and feminine attitude. Although it may not be very witty, it can stick to ordinary morals, innocent like a baby, and tolerant like a valley. I don't care if I'm a little confused, I only see the clear and muddy water flowing towards me. The exile of the Song Dynasty made Hainan so lively, and Hainan greeted and sent them away with a gentle smile; the Song Dynasty finally exhausted, and the exiled soldiers supported the last emperor in Yashan, South China Sea, and then retreated to Hainan Island to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. Hainan accepted them. He smiled softly again; soon Yuan Jiang bribed the rebels to completely occupy Hainan, and Hainan accepted it after a moment of hesitation, still smiling gently.During these turbulent years, thrilling political and military incidents continued one after another. There is a very trivial historical detail that will not attract anyone's attention: one day, a ship from the north docked at Yazhou, the southern tip of Hainan Island. A young woman from Wunijing, Songjiang, Jiangsu came down from the boat, trembling and unable to speak, the only thing she could communicate with was her gentle smile. The local sisters of the Li ethnic group smiled back and settled her down without saying anything. down.In the midst of these young women, a truly great event will take place that will dwarf the social struggles of the moment. This young woman was originally a child bride, and she hid in a boat to escape the abuse of her husband's family. She didn't expect that the boat would go so far, and she didn't expect that the Li nationality area where she didn't understand the language was exactly the textile center of China and the world at that time. holy place.It is only natural for women to learn weaving, and she soon became a weaving master under the teachings of Li sisters.Thirty years later, she was already in her early fifties, and she returned north by boat with cotton spinning machines because of her homesickness.After returning to her hometown in Songjiang, she was called Huang Daopo and became a well-known reformer of cotton textiles. Every process from popping, spinning to weaving was systematically taught according to the advanced technology of the Li nationality. , a brand-new textile is well-known in the land of China, and people from all over the world praised: Songjun cotton cloth, clothing and quilts all over the world. The skills learned from the sisters of the Li nationality in Hainan Island have brought warmth to the entire Central Plains!When Huang Daopo returned to the north, it had been seventeen or eight years since the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty. The strands of cotton yarn and soft cloth in Su's hands.The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty rode Mongolian horses and went south with the new wind. Was it cold in the Yuan Dynasty?Don't be afraid, Huang Daopo who came back from Hainan has already been covered by the world.It is hard to argue about the right and wrong of the change of dynasty, but there is no need to argue that each of our predecessors wore cotton clothes and cotton cloth, and all shared the heat of Hainan Island's female civilization. Four The Yuan Dynasty was easy to pass, and in the Ming Dynasty, Hainan Island began to cultivate cultural celebrities who received Confucian formal education and were born and bred.The sowing of the exiles such as Su Dongpo and Li Guang in the cause of education has finally reaped the harvest, and the land that fits Lao Tzu's philosophy of being gentle and feminine began to need to be supplemented with a Confucian responsibility to govern the country and the world. The most famous one is naturally Qiu Jun.When he was still a teenager, this clever boy who was born in Xiatian Village, Qiongshan Mountain, Hainan Island had already recited a poem with the theme of Wuzhi Mountain.What surprises people is not the juvenile reciting poems, but the fact that this poem actually compares the majestic Wuzhi Mountain to a huge hand, supporting half of the sky in China. To guide the Central Plains from afar!Isn't this promoting a manly spirit of being ambitious and aspiring to the Central Plains? Sure enough, this Qiu Jun had a successful career in the imperial examination high school, and went to the Minister of Rites, Minister of Hubu, Bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion, and Bachelor of Wuyingdian. He is not only knowledgeable, but also has outstanding achievements and a good official reputation.Many years ago, I severely criticized his legendary "Five Ethics" in the book "History of Chinese Theater Culture". I still don't like this script, but after I came into contact with many materials But he has more respect for his character.In particular, the more he became an official, the more he missed his hometown, which moved me very much.Emperor Xiaozong trusted him very much and liked to play chess with him. It is said that every time he made a move, he chanted something in his mouth: general one army, Hainan's money and food will be reduced by three points. When I read Qiu Jun, I immediately knelt down to thank you. You are not joking, and Hainan's tax will be reduced by three points.Even if the matter is a bit playful, the scene of the elderly minister plopping on his knees for his hometown is quite touching.In his later years, Qiu Jun repeatedly asked to resign and return to his hometown, and wrote a large number of homesick poems: Tried everything but failed to return, Menghun comes to the courtyard every night. Sorrow is like pills and gallbladder, There are as many tears as threads on clothes. When you are old, your muscles and bones are afraid of cold invasion, Nightless Homeland doesn't care. Foretell my son to sweep the door, Sooner or later, beggars cast hairpins. A high-ranking official who wanted to guide the Central Plains in his early years only wanted to escape from the Central Plains and return to his hometown. How could Hainan Island have such a huge charm?Qiu Jun's homesickness in his later years was so severe that it was rare in the official circles of all dynasties.The old man in his seventies babbled and babbled endlessly about returning to his hometown, which almost eroded the Confucian pride in governing the country and the world, leaving only the gentle and peaceful island in his heart. Qiu Jun eventually died in Beijing, and only his coffin returned to Hainan.Qiu Jun’s descendants lived in Xiatian Village, which he missed every day during his lifetime. His great-grandson was named Qiu Jiao. In the village, he met a friend who was very diligent in learning, and he often followed him. The name of this friend was later resounded throughout Kyushu, by the 1960s, almost everyone knew it: Hai Rui.Hai Rui's demeanor embodies an obvious masculinity, even after hundreds of years, people are still afraid and admired.Like Qiu Jun, Hai Rui also has a deep affection for his hometown: when he leaves office, he goes back to his hometown to live quietly;He has always believed that Hainan Island can become an ideal kingdom with good government, good people, and good weather, and his strong character comes from this simple ideal.In the end, Hai Rui also died in office like Qiu Jun. When the coffin was carried to Binya Village, Qiongshan County, the cable suddenly snapped mysteriously when he returned home, so he was buried on the spot. Qiu Jun and Hai Rui, two celebrities from the same village, also have one thing in common. They both lost their fathers when they were young and were brought up entirely by their mothers.I think this is also the reason why they have a deep attachment to their hometown when they grow old, even though their mother is long gone.The soaring masculinity is still nestled in the arms of women in the dark. Their death in a foreign land in a high position reminds me of Hemingway's leopard frozen and dried near the peak of God's temple.Hemingway asked: What are you looking for in such a cold place?I believe that Qiu Jun and Hai Rui also asked themselves this question before they died.The answer has not been found, they are frozen. The last gaze before freezing was of course to the warm hometown in the distance, but in the hometown, there are many leopards who are willing to go elsewhere to find something.Just when Qiu Jun and Hai Duan were thinking about their hometown in their official positions, many people in their hometown shed tears and sailed away for various reasons to seek a way of life in Southeast Asia and other places in the world, from the end of the world to the end of the world. It represented the ever-increasing Qiongqiao team in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The charm of Hainan has been spread all over the world since then. No matter how far you go, you have to come back at the critical moment.一八八七年五月，海南島文昌縣昌灑鎮古路園村回來一位年輕的華僑，他叫宋耀如，專程從美洲趕來看看思念已久的家鄉，每天手搖葵扇在路口大樹下乘涼，很客氣地與鄉親們聊天，住了一個多星期便離開了。後來才知道，這是他在操辦自己的人生大事前特地到家鄉來默默地請一次安。他到了上海即與浙江餘姚的女子倪桂珍結婚，他們的三個女兒將對中國的一代政治生活產生重大影響。宋氏三姊妹誰也沒有忘記自己是海南人，現代中國人則從她們高人一籌的見識和儀態萬方的姿容中，重新領略了海南的女性文明。 但是，她們一輩子浪跡四海，誰也沒能回去。有一次，宋慶齡女士遇見一位原先並不認識的將軍，聽說將軍是海南文昌人就忍不住脫口叫一聲哥哥，將軍也就親熱地叫這位名揚國際的高貴女性妹妹。與此同時，遠在台灣的宋美齡女士為重印清朝咸豐八年的《文昌縣志》鄭重其事地執筆題寫了書名。 對她們來說，家鄉，竟成了真正難於抵達的天涯。 只能貿然叫一聲哥哥，只能悵然寫一個書名。而她們作為海南女性的目光，給森然的中國現代史帶來了幾多水氣，幾多溫馨。 five 不怕歷史學家見笑，以上所述，便是我心目中的海南歷史。 讀者從我的敘述中已經可以感到，我特別看重海南歷史中的女性文明和家園文明。我認為這是海南的靈魂。 這並不是胡亂臆斷。你看不管這座島的實際年齡是多少，正兒八經把它納入中華文明的是那位叫冼夫人的女性；海南島對整個中國的各種貢獻中，最大的一項是由另一位叫黃道婆的女性完成的；直到現代，還出了三位海南籍的姊妹名播遠近。使我深感驚訝的是，這些女性幾乎都產生在亂世，冼夫人出現於南北朝時代，黃道婆來往於宋、元兩代更替期，宋氏三姊妹則活躍於二十世紀的戰亂中，越是亂世越需要女性，因此也總是在亂世，海南島一次次對整個中國發揮著獨特的功能。 女性文明很自然地派生出了家園文明。蘇東坡、李光他們淚涔涔地來了，遇到了家園文明，很快破涕為笑；海瑞、邱浚他們氣昂昂地走了，放不下家園文明，終於樂極生悲。海南籍的華僑闖蕩四海，在所有的華僑中他們可能是鄉土意識最濃的一群，也是由於這種家園文明。 女性文明和家園文明的最終魅力，在於尋常形態的人情物理，在於自然形態的人道民生。本來，這是一切文明的基礎部位，不值得大驚小怪，但在中國，過於漫長的歷史，過於發達的智謀，過於鋪張的激情，過於講究的排場，使尋常和自然反而變得稀有。儘管釋、儒、道的大師們都曾呼喚過它們，但呼喚的原因正在於有太多的失落。 失落了尋常形態和自然形態，人們就長久地為種種反常的設想激動著、模擬著。怎麼成為聖賢？如何做英豪？大忠大奸怎樣劃分？豐功偉績如何創建？什麼叫氣貫長虹？什麼叫名垂青史？什麼叫中流砥柱？什麼叫平反昭雪？這些堂皇而激烈的命題，竟然普及於社會、滲透於歷史，而事實上這些命題出現的概率究竟有多大，而且又有多少真實性呢。與之相反，有關一個普通人的存在狀態，有關日常生活中的種種物件，有關人類周圍的植物和動物，有關世俗風習、人間情懷，雖然天天遇到，人人遇到，處處遇到，卻一直被中國主流文化擱棄著、冷落著。於是，偌大一塊國土，反常形態嚴重飽和，尋常形態極其稀薄。事實上並沒有幾個人做得了聖賢和英豪，那就只能憑藉爭鬥來決定勝負；爭鬥一旦開始，非此即彼，你死我活，更不會有尋常形態的存身之地了。結果，九州大地時時成為一塊廣闊無比的鐵板燒，負載著一個個火燙的話題嗤嗤地冒著熱氣，失去了可觸可摸的正常溫度。 幸好有一道海峽，檔住了中原大地的燥熱和酷寒，讓海南島保留住了尋常形態和自然形態，固守著女性文明和家園文明怡然自得。然而，只要它與大陸發生關係，它的這種文明形態就具有了反叛性和挑戰性。它對海峽對岸那種反常的激動表現出漠然，它對代代相傳的價值觀念表現出蔑視，它讓副宰相李光興沖沖地去打聽豬價，它讓大詩人蘇東坡醉迷迷地去尋覓牛糞，它讓朝廷重臣邱浚夜夜垂淚，它讓千古清官海瑞樂而忘返，它借用冼夫人和黃道婆的雙手，輕鬆而又麻利地對一個個流落到海南的英雄或敗將作尋常化處理，把他洗刷、還原，還原成平靜而實在的普通人。 中國歷史上有許多違反生活常態的爭鬥說到底是沒有多少是非曲直可言的，而海南島天真未鑿的尋常生態則常常使爭鬥雙方同時顯得無聊。違反生活常態的爭鬥會使參與者和旁觀者逐漸迷失，而尋常生態卻以一種人類學意義上的基元性和恆久性使人們重新清醒，敗火理氣，返樸歸真。我認為，中國歷史上每一次實質性的進步，都是由於從種種不正常狀態返回到了常識、常理、常態，返回到了人情物理、人道民生。包括我們親歷的當代歷史進程，也是如此。中國人在二十世紀末期終於開始了這種返回，實在是中國人，也是二十世紀的莫大福分。 回想起來，我們從小就是在一種反常的文化氣氛中長大的，周圍的一切都在誘使我們努力去做一種不尋常的人。所有聽得到的精采故事都讓人熱淚盈眶，所有可想像的重要景象都鮮血淋淋。那時我還是小學生，經常在禮堂裡排隊聽各種戰鬥故事，禮堂牆壁上畫著一幅中國地圖，每個戰鬥故事發生的地點都可以在地圖上找到。我太小，伸手只能摸到海南島，抬頭一看，海南島只是中國地圖下的一個點，有了這個點，中國也就成了一個碩大無朋的大問號。幾十年過去了，我到今天才明白，真的，海南島的存在一讓整個中國成了大問號。我沒有及時地被這個問號驚醒於反常的幻想中，拖拖拉拉直到中年，才依稀知道一點尋常和反常。實在太晚了，那種反常的思維模式和奮鬥方式，早已把我們的人生灼傷。 六 在飛往海南的飛機上，我一直貼窗俯視。機翼下的群山剛下過雪，黑白分明，猶如版畫，越往南飛，線條越見明麗，瓊州海峽一過，完全成了一幅水彩畫。我想，中國歷史上各種黑白分明的圖景，一到海南島也會一一暈化了吧。 色彩濃處，野性猶存。今天的海南島還有大量的落後乃至混亂極須改進，但我更不希望看到它自身生態方式的失落。不管多麼繁榮多麼現代，它對於整個中國版圖而言仍然應該是一個人文氣息濃重的休閒所在，溫暖和祥和，尋常而自然，堵住非人文的工業噪音，刪削急功近利的短視作為，使急急趕路的中國人那怕是在地圖上看到它也能獲得一種全身心的撫慰。好生安頓下冼夫人的潔白海灘、黃道婆的啟航碼頭、蘇東坡的春花春草、宋氏三姊妹的夢中故居，讓一切有機會上島的人都能吟一句：玆遊奇絕冠平生。 如能這樣，海南島在中華文明中的地位將更加奪目。它過去曾彌補過中國歷史的一種重大遺漏，那麼今後將會進一步把歷史的缺口修復。曾因海南島而構成問號的中國，將因海南島而變得更加健全。 又想起了文章開頭提到的那兩個追鹿故事。是的，我們歷來是馳騁於中原大地的躁急騎手，總在驅逐，總在追趕，不知已經多久。不斷地尋找獵物，不斷地尋找對手，不斷地尋找名聲，不斷地拉起弓箭。但是前面還有什麼路呢，這裡已經是天涯海角。獵物回頭了，明眸皓齒，嫣然一笑。 嫣然一笑，天涯便成家鄉。 嫣然一笑，女性的笑，家園的笑，海南的笑，問號便成句號。