Chapter 42 Second, the beginning of autumn

Species evolution and time flow The morning light in Dulan is dyed with the lingering lingering attitude of the long night. It has been a long time, and I am still in love with the end of the sea and sky. At the beginning of each day, there is a new combination of time and space.I picked up a broom made of thin bamboo, let the aging muscles and bones say good morning to each other between the fallen leaves and the land, and bless each other. Life has never passed away, it just learned how to restrain itself in the journey of time.When a seed lifts the surface and pushes the sprout into the unknown, what life needs is courage.When the emerald green leaves sway in the breeze and dance to a thriving prelude, the meaning of life is no longer a sigh.

Who has never been young?In the pace of life, who doesn't walk through immature and green?Only when the green is getting darker can the upright branches feel the tremor of the earth. Dongpo's "Nan Gezi" sings well: Bring wine to the mountains and rain, and sleep with clothes on the night.I don't know the bells and drums report the dawn.In the dream, Hu Die was light. When I get old, I have exhausted my talents, and when I return, I have not made a plan. I beg Tian to ask her to laugh at Haoying.Free from mud on the sandy road by the lake. The mountain rain is not drunk, and the evening sun is still awake. When I am old, I know that the sky is already clear.Time has always been my worst enemy, but also my closest companion.In the past, in the dying moment, I fought for the rare butterfly in my dream to be light.Now I am asking for fields and homes, although there are no heroes, I still prefer to walk on sandy roads by the lake to avoid mud.

Look closely at the crystal water drops staying on the tips of the grass!Why did she ever think that she was born humble?The sun shone around her delicate body, and the rainbow shone brightly.She stood on tiptoe on the leaves, eagerly showing her beautiful little face.A light wind from the foot of the mountain blew, the branches and leaves shook for a while, and the smoke flowed away, and it disappeared from sight. Breathing the air of nature, wandering in the embrace of nature, I come from nature, and I will go to nature.The tranquility of today is the state of mind of tomorrow. I have no desires or desires, but it is difficult to restrain my longing for her.Thinking about nature in nature, naturally, I saw another world.

There is a Survival of the Fittest program on the Cable Land channel, and one of them discusses an ecology centered around an English oak tree.It was an old tree that had grown for hundreds of years. When spring came, her bracts were tightly closed and locked under the protection of scales.The spring is deep, but the bracts are still indifferent, as if there is no vitality. Scientists observed carefully and found that there is a weevil that buries its eggs under the bark of trees.As soon as spring arrives, the larvae hatch, climb up the trees, and are densely packed everywhere.Apparently the oak tree is waiting for an opportunity, and if it sprouts at this time, those innumerable and vicious larvae will surely gnaw the young leaves to pieces.

For these larvae, their only task is to convert the energy of the leaf into its body fluids.But they also have natural enemies, and most of the larvae are either eaten or starved to death.At this time, the bract leaves of the oak tree bloomed rapidly, absorbing the essence of the sun and the moon as much as possible!The surviving larvae are like leaf-eating machines, all greedy and eager to eat, each occupying a leaf. At this time, it is already mid-spring, and the oak leaves must absorb sunlight as soon as possible to accelerate growth.The fresh taste and rich nutrition have attracted many passers-by.Various leaf-eating insects appeared one by one, and various insectivorous creatures also came one after another.A race for survival unfolds brutally and mercilessly in sunlight, air, and rain.

The oak tree is huge, with green shade all over the ground, standing in the wilderness, and countless lives rely on her grace to grow.Before long, in the scorching summer, those caterpillars of all shapes and colors gradually swept all the young leaves.When the time comes, the caterpillar chooses a solid leaf, rolls it up for its new home, and transforms into a chrysalis. When all the bad guests are gone, the oak tree will have a good chance to breathe.It will quickly put on new clothes before the end of summer, making the final sprint for its next generation. The oak tree's flowers and fruits have just begun to grow, and the delicate stamens have just shown their beauty, and another batch of parasites with angel wings has arrived.Some directly feed on flowers, while others parasitize their offspring in the ovary of stamens.Fortunately, the oak tree also has its own plan. Although it sacrifices nectar, it allows pollen to spread.

Thousands and thousands of fruits have undergone pollination, and the new life is just about to take the first step, but it is the beginning of another fierce competition.Some fruits are eaten alive, and some become parasitic huts.One by one living beings, on the altar of life, support each other and reincarnate. The breeze is blowing slowly, the fallen leaves are falling, and autumn is finally here.After various battles, big and small, the oak tree has managed to grow seeds one by one.But some are strong on the outside and capable on the inside, and have already become the cradle of other lives.Some are stunted and have fallen to the ground before they mature.

The acorn fruit that survived the catastrophe immediately put on a hard armor.It has just escaped the infestation of beetles, but it has become food fodder for squirrels and birds.The squirrels gnaw off the delicious ovaries first, and bury the rest properly to store dry food for the cold winter.There is also a kind of hard bird, after pecking off the seeds, they take them to the open grassland and bury the seeds in the soil to prevent thieves from coveting. Thousands of seeds disappeared, and less than ten percent remained.After finally staying in deep autumn, the oak tree also changed into winter clothes.It shook off the remaining branches and leaves, and the seeds rolled to the ground.However, the drama on the stage is still going on, and the disaster of life is ahead.Some of the seeds feed the hungry gophers, and some become a winter tonic for the fungus.

In the spring of the second year, the snow melted, and under the dense shade, the limited, surviving seeds finally sprouted buds.Among the thousands of lost opportunities, among the thousands of lost opportunities, there are finally a few seedlings ready to inherit the torch of the oak tree. It's a pity that the sunlight in the dense forest is too weak. In order to survive and nurture the next generation, the huge oak tree must use every resource.Without the comfort of the sun and the nourishment of the water and soil, the helpless young shoots withered.As a result of years of hard work, there was not a single young oak tree on the ground covered by the canopy of the old oak tree!

What is the meaning of this struggle for survival?How can the English oak tree survive so far after hundreds of millions of years?The answer is completely beyond people's imagination!It was the hard bird that buried the seeds for the winter. Because of its poor memory, it always missed a few seeds in the snow.It happens that there are only a few forgotten seeds, and another game of life begins in the open land! This program was originally intended to prove the principle of natural selection and survival of the fittest.I studied agriculture and was a faithful believer in the theory of evolution.But over the years, I always feel that there is a more reasonable explanation behind this beautiful theory.I think that natural selection and survival of the fittest are the result of what is done, not the truth of life evolution.

The truth is told in this well-crafted film, which features characters ranging from English oaks to weevils, parasitic wasps, moths, rats, birds and fungi.For any kind of organism, the cycle of life has its inevitable process.The only and common phenomenon is the full application of energy by the living body. From oak leaf flower to fruit, from weevil to parasitic wasp, every living thing, every process involves a vital system.Even if one uses reason to analyze these systems from the standpoint of the self, it is impossible to see the truth of the incident.Because from the standpoint of cognition, we must first strictly define what cognition is. What can people know?Otherwise, it is difficult to talk about it. Recognition is recognition, knowledge is knowledge, and knowledge refers to the knowledge that is obtained after identification.Recognition must have objects, while knowledge has classifications.In the case of the oak tree, if the identified object was a weevil, of course the knowledge obtained is only a part of the whole incident.Whatever the object of our choice, unless we focus on the whole event, we will only be able to recognize a part of it, limited by the scope of our perception. That is to say, if this event is divided into small units where several species survive, it is like the director arranging scenes in a film.Not bad at all, every paragraph is fully in line with the conclusion of natural selection and survival of the fittest.But if our object is all oak trees, from its germination, fruiting to the birth of new life, this conclusion seems very absurd.Because in the case of oak trees, the key to the survival of the fittest is to rely on a kind of bird, and it depends on the forgetfulness of the bird to survive! Looking at the definition of natural selection again, it seems that species are consciously competing, and there are winners and losers in the competition.Let's think back to the whole incident, and forget what the eyes see first. No matter what kind of organisms, they are actually just life systems, some energy-changing structures, which are undergoing energy changes. According to the law of thermodynamics, energy propagates from more to less, and the energy of a material body cannot be preserved, so it spreads directly by conduction, radiation and convection.The characteristic of living organisms is that they can temporarily store and utilize energy, and the changes are much more complicated. A living body is equivalent to an energy storage device, and the stored energy is the driving force of life.The main source of energy on the earth is sunlight and geothermal heat, and the way of its accumulation is naturally proportional to the size of the space.However, since life is composed of matter, matter has the property of transmitting energy, the larger the volume, the more energy it consumes.Therefore, the most effective way for living organisms to absorb energy is to be small in size and large in number, which is the basic reason for the existence of a large number of microorganisms. Microorganisms need to adapt to environmental changes. Although they are easy to absorb energy, they are not easy to preserve.In the change of energy, energy can produce work, and work can be consumed in the movement of microorganisms or the increase of volume structure.Movement provides the opportunity for survival, and volume guarantees the accumulation of energy.The so-called evolution is that in the process of energy change, based on the time and space flow of the large environment and the small environment, the energy is gradually transferred from more to less, and the efficiency of transfer and energy application is accumulated from low to high. Therefore, natural selection in the biological world is just one of the laws of energy transmission and vitality sharing!If it is called evolution, it is fine, but it must be said that species are competing and nature is selecting, which is too far-fetched. From this point of view, isn’t the survival and evolution of the oak tree and even other species not one of the processes of energy transmission in the universe?Biologists say survival evolution is limited to living things, but what is living things?Does viral infection count?What about protein molecules?Isn't DNA lifeless? When we see clouds moving in the heart of heaven, the shape of floating clouds is changeable, sometimes elegant, sometimes heavy and cloudy, sometimes sparse, and sometimes full of sky heart.Does anyone now think that those cloud piles are a natural evolution of the survival of the fittest?If not, why is another energy transfer by two different energy carriers natural selection? The movement of clouds in the heart of heaven is the result of energy changes, and the life and death of living bodies is also the result of energy changes.Changes in energy are constantly occurring in the universe, and small changes accumulate into big differences from the moment before and the moment after.Things do not compete for anything, and the sky does not choose anything. It is just that different time and space have different phenomena. We already know that the human eye is just a light wave receiver and can only see energetic light.Because the earth's energy comes from sunlight, light is the benchmark of life in the early stages of life.Because it is good for survival, it gradually develops into eyes, which are used to detect light sources and the distribution of energy in space.It can be seen from this that the eye is just a functional device that can see the result of a certain energy change.This is just a mechanical reaction of recognition, even a single-celled bacterium can recognize light.Therefore, being able to see light is only the result of energy changes, and has nothing to do with natural selection. Taking action after seeing the light is also a kind of mechanical reaction. With today's technological level, these are not difficult to do.Take caterpillars eating leaves as an example, if analyzed step by step, it is actually nothing more than some continuous mechanical actions.But linking the various processes together, our question immediately arises: Why does the caterpillar know to do this? If you continue to think about it, the problem will become more and more complicated, and a problem that is too complicated, people can't even think about it.These unanswerable whys are the inevitable cause and effect between the recognition and reaction from the previous level to the next level.Just because the current knowledge is insufficient, the process of how people recognize stimuli is not clear enough, so it cannot be explained by simple mechanical laws! Darwin put forward the theory of natural selection, which is already a very remarkable cognition.It's just that he didn't explain what this natural selection refers to?Of course we know that he definitely does not refer to God, so only nature can represent it.What is nature?Whatever it is, how does it choose? Even if we solved this conundrum, how would species compete under natural selection?If everything is explained by the probability of inherited genes, that is, in various permutations and combinations, only the most suitable genes for the environment can be preserved.There is a dead end in this statement that is so inexplicable that I've had my brains scratched! I'm very experimental, and when I was living in the US, I once picked up a wounded bird on the ground.I decided to make it a nest, and to imitate it, build it in a small tree in the yard.For this small nest, I worked all afternoon, only to find that even such a simple task as building a nest cannot be explained by permutations and combinations at all! The chicks leave the nest and stand on their own as soon as their feathers plump.So the act of nesting cannot be learned from the mother bird, and there is never an opportunity to observe and learn.Therefore, we can only assume that the genetic genes of a species have the function of guiding the behavior of the species.In other words, the problems mentioned below must be explained with genetics. First, how big should the nest be?What material to choose?Where can I find it?Where is the best location for the nest?I can still answer these questions.The bird grew up in the nest, of course, with its body as the diameter, the material is seen every day, it is used to it, and it can be transformed into memory data.Although it is more troublesome to find these materials, it is nothing more than a mechanical law of identification.Nesting location involves safety perceptions, which are more complex but can still be explained genetically. I imitated the behavior of the bird, and the first step was solved, and the materials and nesting sites were found. Second, how do you place the first found material?Birds only have their beaks to use.I tried and tried, but the difficulty was how to determine the correct placement of materials?If it is only piled up, the material cannot be tangled, and the nest is difficult to form.With a little bird of low intelligence, how can it be judged that the materials for nesting must be tangled?And what method is used to make it tangled?At least in this regard, my wisdom is not as good as that of a bird, and the nest is not built! Later, I saw a documentary about a weaver bird. The nest weaving technology of that bird is simply high-tech!It knows how to use a long, soft grass and make a slipknot on the branch first!Please don't underestimate this knot. After millions of years of evolution, human beings only know how to tie knots with ropes after they evolved from ape-man to primitive man. Regardless of the knot, it knows how to use the second grass to connect to the knot.It hangs upside down on the branch with its two toothpick-like thin claws, and then uses its small beak to pass the thin end through the gap in the knot!Wonderful!How is it recognized and dealt with? Those built small nests are perfect works of art one by one!Even better is yet to come, some nests need to be kept fresh, because if the grass is dry, the nest is more likely to break.I don't know which gene of the weaver bird, and what method was used to predict the necessity in advance.After a failed courtship, the bird will give that aforementioned slipknot a flick!The nest will fall to the ground automatically, and it will make persistent efforts to make another one from the beginning! I am so impressed!I can guarantee that a student in the third grade of middle school does not yet have this behavioral ability!How can this ability be explained by the theory of genes?If it is said that all possible permutations and combinations are tried once, the probability of this is almost infinitesimal!Even intelligent people need to go through the training of thinking, not to mention it is only based on genetic instinct! So, what enlightenment does the aforementioned oak tree, worm, bird, etc. give us? The law of thermodynamics is a kind of mechanical law. The so-called mechanical law means that its regularity is like a machine, and there are causes and effects, and the cause and effect are clear.Under the condition of mechanical law, as long as people can clearly know the cause, they can control the effect correctly.In other words, the mechanical law is equivalent to a space-time process, as long as the process is arranged according to the causal relationship under certain conditions, everything that should happen will definitely happen! All this will be quite clear if we can generalize the energy propagation law of biological behavior.If you look at it from a higher standpoint, what is there in the universe and life that is not a control process of the space-time structure under the change of energy? If there is a space-time process that existed before the universe (that is, the so-called innate in Chinese tradition), that is to say, all the laws of change already exist, and the universe is only the process of deriving energy changes according to the laws.If this is the case, then we can understand that everything in the world is nothing but established procedures. If there were no such unchanging laws, the universe would have been in chaos, and life would be meaningless.In fact, with the advancement of knowledge, people's understanding of the universe is becoming more and more clear.Although unknown phenomena are also expanding, these known and unknowns have been attributed to the rational category, and the possibility of random numbers has been ruled out. (The chaos theory that has become popular in recent years is just a process of changing scientific attitudes, not a conclusion.) If there is such a law called reasoning: all results must have certain causes.Under this law, if you know the cause, you can know the effect.And what we use to measure this fact is the two coordinate parameters of time and space and the state of energy change. The continuous effect of energy change can use the parameters of time and space coordinates to represent the actual situation of its change.This continuous value of space-time coordinates is the cause of energy action and the result of change, collectively referred to as space-time flow.At any time and space coordinate position on this process, according to a certain law, we can know the state of its energy change. With this innate flow, without a relative point of view, the flow is equivalent to standing still.This relative point of view must be acquired.That is to say, with the process, in any time and space, as long as there is a subjective organism that can be observed, there must be an observation point that can be observed.This acquired observation point can be said to be a state of energy, and it can also be said to have a space-time coordinate position. Of course, this energy state strictly abides by the laws of the flow of time and space, and there are inevitable macro and micro phenomena in any stage of progress.Under this theory, the flow of time and space is a law, and there is information for observation and cognition.In biology, it is genetic DNA, in matter, it is quantum structure, and in life and things, it is the Book of Changes.Natural selection is just a point of view, and weavers only follow the established process to build nests, and they operate with energy changes in every detail. There is another phenomenon in the process, that is, a certain energy state can store the two vectors of time and space in its structure, and can be recalled, this is the human consciousness.In the known universe, only human can be aware of time and space. Being aware of time and space does not mean that one understands time and space. Consciousness is just a state, which is a state in which the life system examines the flow of time and space due to stakes.It's like people floating in running water, knowing that there is water, but they may not be able to understand the nature of water.Understanding is a deeper level of consciousness. After people are aware of time and space, they take time and space as the object of thinking, so as to understand the cause and effect of time and space.Only after understanding this cause and effect, can one further understand the universe and life. In the same way, I think the concept of natural selection and the jungle of the jungle should also be replaced by the flow of time and space.The following is a further analysis of the relationship between energy and space-time: When the energy changes, it means that the energy has changed.Before change, there must be an initial state, from which change becomes the final state.It is assumed that the initial state is the cause and the body, and the final state is the effect and use.In terms of the energy structure of cause and body, the structure from body to function forms the concept of space, and the process from cause to effect is called time. The role of the law of causality is limited from cause to effect, which is called sequence, and sequence is irreversible (this is the basic definition of sequence, such as one is defined before two).Under the continuous action of cause and effect, any energy will inevitably produce irreversible time and the space cut off by each time.Since space is a structure of energy, any space must have a previous section and a subsequent section under the time sequence.Then regard the former section as the base, which is the body, and the latter section as the end, which is the function of the body, and the energy is transmitted from the body to the function.Therefore, any continuous section is equivalent to the continuous change of energy structure, that is, the relation of body and function. For example, in common sense, we know that the organic structure of an apple is a body, and its use is edible.We must differentiate to the smallest process in order to understand its objective reality.First of all, the apple has to be crushed. The sugar molecules in the organic structure touch the sensory cells, and only then can people feel the sweetness, which is for the body of the apple.Further differentiation, the feeling is only a part of the energy function in the living body.So the real body function is still the relationship of continuous change of energy structure. In the space-time process of the universe, human beings are limited by their ability to observe and think, and it is impossible to recognize the infinite with the limited.But as long as one masters the law of causality, within the scope of experience, one can use the known to gradually understand the unknown.Therefore, understanding can also be said to be the acquisition of the causal relationship between certain things. In other words, the causal body that people obtain is their understanding of things.The progress of human civilization is the cognition of causality, gradually from less to more, from shallow to deep, from ignorance to knowledge.When people can grasp more causal relationships, they will have a more thorough understanding of things. Human beings have limited knowledge about the nature of energy, we can only confirm that energy can be infinitely differentiated and accumulated.So, how to distinguish the infinite change cause and effect of infinite energy?This is the value of concepts, because concepts also have infinite properties, which are very suitable for describing energy changes (but not representing changes themselves). In concepts, we can describe the same event in an infinite number of different ways.From the standpoint of the system, it can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the horizontal system, and the other is the vertical system.The horizontal system refers to various phenomena visible on the surface of things, and the vertical system refers to the sequential relationship based on time causality. Therefore, the cognition of the flow of time and space is equivalent to the result of human thinking (that is, horizontal thinking and vertical thinking).According to the law of causality, the effect must come from the cause, and the use must come from the body.We have both physical cognition in horizontal thinking and vertical causal cognition, both of which are indispensable. More importantly, when analyzing, if it is not easy to understand, you must continue to differentiate.Just like in physics, to understand the meaning of velocity, time must be differentiated close to zero. Assuming that v represents velocity, s represents distance, t represents time, and d is the sign of the differential, then: v═ds/dt means that speed is the derivative of distance to time, whether it is horizontal thinking or vertical thinking, it can also be expressed by the above formula.As long as speed is replaced by thinking, distance is equivalent to the concept of continuous thinking, and time is equal to flow.The following spatio-temporal process analysis is decomposed by means of differentiation until it is understood. Taking the aforementioned weaver bird as an example, I will try to explain the flow of time and space I observed: Time: Supposed to be 1:00 noon, place: somewhere,.Assume that the time difference of the following process is one minute. Process 1: A weaver bird holds a piece of thatch in its mouth and wraps it around a horizontal branch. Process 2: After seeing the thatch head (A) to be bypassed hang down, wrap one end (B) in the mouth into a circle. Process three: Make A pass through B. Process 4: Tighten B. From one to four is a horizontal process, only the phenomenon can be seen, but the reason is not known.There are extremely complex concepts such as winding to horizontal branches among the four processes.To decompose it again means to use a soft and long object to pass through the periphery of the branch with one end, and the two ends of the object can be connected at the winding place.This process involves behaviors such as observation, identification, judgment, and control, none of which can be explained by simple reasons. Let’s use the vertical process to analyze again. According to the previous definition of time, from process 1 to process 4, process 2 is the result of process 1 and the cause of process 3, and so on. We might as well do the same analysis on the horizontal branches: Process 1: Hold one end of the grass in your mouth. Process 2: Select a horizontal branch. Process 3: Place the middle part of the grass on the branches. Process 4: The other end of the grass must droop. To go further, we use the second procedure of the above procedure: select a horizontal branch for analysis (this is the process of observation): Process 1: The branch that feels safe after the body stands. Process 2: Put grass on it. Process three: the grass does not slide. Process four: the other end can be made to hang down. The analysis continues in this way until it can be explained by basic physical and chemical laws or theorems.In fact, all the laws and theorems are obtained by analyzing experience in this way.Therefore, it should be reasonable to use these laws to understand the space-time flow of things. If the above theory is established, then under the necessary causal body, all the events that are set in the flow of time and space will unfold one by one according to the flow. When the time of a moving body continues to be differentiated to close to zero, if the kinetic energy continues to increase, we call it acceleration.In the same way, in the time flow, if the flow changes, it can also be regarded as evolution. Of course, this is just a theory, and a scientific theory needs evidence, and "Book of Changes" is the evidence. The "Book of Changes" is a flow chart of the space-time structure, but smart people cannot study this book.Because smart people have flexible minds, once they enter the situation, they will roam among the wilderness, wander in the void space-time structure, and forget their words when they are proud.Even stupid people can't learn. When people are stupid, they only see themselves.Once they enter the mysterious door of "Book of Changes", all the stupid people see are fame and wealth, and they only care about good and bad, good and bad, and that is definitely not the true purpose of Yi. In the history of Chinese culture, the "Book of Changes" has been carrying ups and downs for thousands of years.Those who know know it, those who believe it believe it, those who are confused are confused, and those who abandon it abandon it.This is also the only reason why Western culture has become popular among the general public, while Chinese culture has formed a very special elite culture. Based on the characteristics of this elite culture, the "Book of Changes" was originally the patent of a few people, and there is no need to play with words here.But I have always been willing to sink into hell, and I can recommend one or two more to the predestined people, whether it is true or not is also counted! When a person understands the principles of Yi, he will no longer be enslaved by things, and his heart will not be hurt by form.Gains and losses are numbers, numbers have opportunities, and the cause and effect are clear!Some people know the change and stop, because they only know the result of the change but not the cause of the change.Yi is the definite number that exists from the beginning of the heaven and the earth. The subtlety of the definite number lies in the cycle of cause and effect, and eternal life is endless.Today's stop will be tomorrow's regret. There is a saying in "Book of Changes": Tian Xingjian, a gentleman strives for self-improvement, and those who know the changes should know where the flow of time and space points! Today's people don't know easy, and they don't know what life is. They are busy between one and zero all day long.It is necessary to know that people are limited by their senses, and their acquisitions are endless forever. No matter how much they acquire, they still have nothing to gain.And the loss is just the original face at the beginning of the unobtained, what is the loss if you have not gained?First learn to deal with loss without chaos, which is knowing easy. Buddhism attaches great importance to the law of cause and effect, where there is a cause, there must be an effect, and all consequences are caused by the antecedent.This concept is very consistent with scientific principles, the only difference is that science requires empirical evidence, and the law of causality is recognized only after it has been proved by experiments.The causality system mentioned in Buddhism is based on the changes and encounters in the world. How can life events be used as experiments? The times are advancing, and many things that were impossible in the past can now be solved.If we separate the various events of life into separate patterns, we can also take samples, count, analyze, and draw conclusions.In this way, cause and effect are no longer just a religious argument, but a law in the world. Life is a laboratory, so why not the universe?We should clearly distinguish the great difference between the microcosm and the macrocosm. At each different level, there are special conditions of time and space, and inevitable laws of change and operation.As long as we can sort out these conditions, what is there in life and the universe that we cannot understand? The evolutionary model of the universe depends on the future of mankind. As a part of mankind, can we take it lightly?Although new knowledge is constantly increasing, what is actually increasing is only empirical data and technical details.In terms of human concepts and the structure of knowledge, from ancient times to the present, they are still in the same pattern! Maybe because I study life science, I am easily attracted by life phenomena.Thinking back to the reason why I was studying agriculture back then, it is really unimaginable to walk on this narrow road now.But from the perspective of time and space flow, all of this is causal and straightforward, not bad at all! Some people may think that for a person who knows the flow of time and space, his life will suddenly lose its freshness, and he must be uninterested in living.In fact, it is not always the case. Take a good novel or a good movie as an example.Every time I read it, I have a new understanding, even though I read it ten times and a hundred times, I don't get bored.Novels are more enjoyable than movies, because movies are limited by the conditions of visual art, and the imagination of symbols is too small.Theoretical books are even more inconceivable. Although they are repeated thousands of times, there will always be inexhaustible treasures. Life is a living book, and everyone is the author and protagonist of that living book.Whether the writing is good or not is my responsibility, and I can't shirk it!Those who already know the general ending will not hesitate and lose their sense of control when writing!As for some people, they turn the result into the cause, or show off what they know, or act like a prophet, striving for fame and fortune.This is not worth worrying about, the process has been set, Sun Wukong can't turn the palm of the Tathagata Buddha! Those who don't know the flow of time and space, their life is fictitious and unpredictable, which makes everyone in the game toss and turn.It is precisely because some things are kept secret that people are attracted to them, and their emotions and desires are reversed, worrying about gains and losses, and forgetting about themselves.Even if it is the winning or losing of a ball game, the ending of a story, or even the whispering of a few people on the side of the road, no matter whether it is related to personal interests or not, people always want to know the consequences so that they can feel at ease. This phenomenon is a manifestation of curiosity, which must be based on external factors.Once people can think about curious things, go deeper step by step, and revolve around them all the time, curiosity becomes interest. When I was young, I was often proud of my wide range of interests, and I could almost say that I was interested in everything.Touching the east, learning the west, and later knowing a little about everything, but everything is loose, and there is nothing that can be handed out. This is the case with many people, until their youth is past, and they regret not having learned a skill.The only difference is that I am not discouraged. Although my teeth are increasing, I am still groping and learning.Finally, among the countless opportunities, I found one worth devoting myself to, and then let go of everything to concentrate on studying it.At this time, because I have dabbled extensively in the past, the angle of consideration, the direction of progress and the solution are relatively complete. It is often said that the reason why I can persist is because I am very interested in computer work.That's half true, I do study it all the time, and I know how to pique my curiosity.Therefore, I will be interested in everything, not just computers, but it is a pity that life is limited and there is no way to delve into it one by one. Everyone wants to engage in interesting jobs, and they all believe that whether they are interested is related to the success or failure of their careers. Even educational psychology emphasizes ways to cultivate students' interests.But if we don't know what interest is and how people are interested, how can we cultivate it?How to make everyone engage in interesting work? People rely too much on interest and do not understand the nature of interest, which causes a very serious waste of intelligence.Especially young people, they often say plausibly: I am not interested in this!If you are not interested, you will not want to learn, and if you are not interested, you will not be willing to do it.It seems that living in the world, there should be something that suits their interests, waiting there until the little prince and princess are interested, and the world will be peaceful. Today is the prosperous age of material civilization. Babies have toys for babies, children have toys for children, and men and women, from childhood to old age, have all kinds of playthings.In addition to commercial profit-making purposes, these products are all to cater to people's interests.People are attracted by various external interests, playing here and touching here, and under the temptation of the exquisite functions, their interests are constantly shifting, and they are addicted to them from life to death. Things are reversed when they are extreme, and when they are prosperous, they will decline. Human intelligence is a tool for survival. Since everything is perfect, what is there for human beings to worry about?Without thinking, the brain is like an uncut stone, and all intellectual functions cannot be established.Over time, there are only a few memories of interests in the brain.Once encountering the need to adapt, or facing the inevitable boring work of survival, people will be depressed, troubled, painful and restless. From all aspects, the biggest characteristic of human beings is the thinking function of the brain. From childhood to youth, it is the most plastic stage of the brain.如果不先把思考所需要的資料、方法以及習慣在這個時機中建立起來，以供未來之需。等到步入壯年，一切都已成型，想要思考就再也不可能了。 人在學習的過程中，當一些觀念能與個體的經驗相印証時，人首先得到的是認知的感受。那是一種新奇的、突然間由茫然變得明晰的感覺。這時若有良好的導引，最容易讓人產生好奇。但如果基本知識太少，未知因素太多，雖好奇而得不到滿足，仍然不能形成強烈的興趣。 所以，不斷地引起好奇，不斷地予以滿足，更要適時地增加深度，讓學習者自行思考。只有在大腦的思考經常被這種好奇所佔據時，才是發自內心、具有動力的興趣。就如同生命力一樣，在自我追求中，自行獲得滿足，不斷前進。 興趣和喜歡有很大的分別，喜歡是自我主觀的心理狀態，而興趣則是人對事物的心理現象。比如說當某種刺激使我們的生理感官感到愉悅時，我們會喜歡那種刺激。而只有在對那種刺激產生的結果感到好奇，希望瞭解更多時，才叫做興趣。 有人喜歡看電影，這不表示他對電影一定有興趣；喜歡一個人，也不見得是想瞭解那個人。當一個人對某一件事發生興趣時，可能只是對其中的因果，也可能是對該事的利害關係感興趣，至於喜不喜歡，與上述兩個情況並沒有絕對的關係。 狀態是指事物在一段時間中發生的現象，常隨著情況變化。人心在各種條件的影響下，自我意識對有利條件的感覺稱之為喜歡，喜歡的結果，若能引發生理心理的興奮，便是高興。而利害經常是無定的，很可能為了一點微不足道的原因，勾起了記憶中不愉快的經驗，喜歡的條件就喪失了，狀態也隨之而變。 現象是事物的表現或呈象，其改變的因素比較容易分析。以興趣為例，其原因之一是當人接受了某種刺激或者認知了某一事件後，在聯想作用下，與另一系列經驗發生關聯。如果該系列經驗尚未完全被認知，電路似通不通，人便有了疑惑的感受。再若該系列經驗與主觀有利的感覺相關，人便會希望解決此疑惑，這才是好奇。 如果好奇很快得到滿足，原因消失，現象沒有了，也就失去了興趣。若好奇無法獲得滿足，人也難以長期保持興趣，當然，這又得視好奇的強度及利害的程度而定。另一種原因是心理的認知利益，利益是人追求的目標。在心理活動過程中得到利益的認知時，便繼續刺激心理，如此循環下去，即形成興趣。 因此，要培養人的興趣，首要的條件是引起其好奇心。其次是逐步在心理上滿足其好奇，同時提供更深一層的未知條件。等到人對該問題有了完整的認識，能夠自行設法解決其疑難，自行發掘更多的問題，這樣循環不已。由於任何事件的因果永無止境，只要在人的能力範圍之內，其興趣就可以一直延伸下去。 好奇心又當如何滿足呢？當人對問題尚未充分瞭解前，答案的正確與否並不重要。在這種情況下，物質或精神的獎勵經常是最有效的方式。因為在沒有養成自信心之前，人皆崇信權威，獎勵是權威者肯定其價值的具體表示。只是應該注意獎勵的時機，千萬不可讓受獎者誤解或養成習慣。 直到今天，我的興趣還是太廣，偏偏時間太少，對電腦的責任始終無法推卸。電腦佔掉了大部分的時間，其他能分配的就不多了。 離開台北時，我買了不少油畫材料，滿以為每個星期天都可以謄出來畫畫。孰知人算不如天算，每次一拿畫筆，總是身不由己，被電腦纏得動彈不得。 音樂、藝術是最不能輕忽的情人，她們沒有三從四德的觀念。只要三天不見，她們就背叛了你，偏偏她們又令人難以割捨，打從靈魂深處，一聲聲孤獨的祈禱，無不渴望著她們的撫慰。理性與感性的人生，畢竟是兩條互相偏離的航道。 一般說來，維持興趣最理想的條件，當然是有利可圖，利是生存的保障，能終日生活在有興趣的事物之中，誰不嚮往？可是人很難控制自己，再有興趣的事，日子一久，變成了例行工作，就會心生厭煩。最糟糕的是有些人只顧興趣，做起事來，興緻沖沖地，先做他有興趣的，其他便丟到一旁，不加理會。這種人多半只顧自己，不切實際，終生難有一點成就。 不論做什麼，也不論喜不喜歡，能夠創造自己的興趣，才是一個人成功的秘訣。其方法是在工作時，先用心瞭解工作的性質，再設法把工作做得又好又快。人只要把心力投入工作中，自然而然會產生一些疑問，譬如怎麼樣才叫好、快？用什麼方法可以達到？在這種目標的驅使下，為了要解答這些疑問，就會產生好奇。這時人的意識被思考佔據了，取代了煩惱厭惡的心緒，興趣之引人入勝，正是如此。 不過，要小心慎估自己的能力，目標不要訂得高不可及，一旦不能達到，就會洩氣。也不能訂得太容易，那樣沒有挑戰性，又給自己一個自我敷衍的機會，最後一定不了了之。我曾看過一種狗拉車比賽的節目，人坐在車上，用竿子吊一塊肉，懸在狗的面前，狗看到肉就追，車子也就被拉著前進。如果肉吊得太遠，牠可能失去了興趣，再如果被牠一口咬到，則目的已達，自然就不拉車了。 人生說穿了正是如此，自己在自己前面懸一塊肉，可望而不可及，總比被別人鞭策愉快些。雖然我們經常只是為了生活而工作，但是創造一點興趣，給自己一個學習磨練的機會，比起滿心煩苦，從早上煎熬到晚上，廝混一輩子，豈不是要好得多？ 《道德經》第十三章曰：寵辱若驚，畏大患若身。人生是個試場，對一般人而言，生老病死是考題，畏大患若身是考不及格。對真有根性的人，《易經》才是考題，考的範圍就是寵辱、得失。 考完試，心情輕鬆，才有機會觀察身邊事物。 有一隻三個月大的小白流浪狗，有一天鑽到我們院子裡的車子底下，死賴著不肯走。來者是緣，緣聚都蘭山下，故此沈冰玉將之命名為都都。 都都從來不隨地大小便，除非是吃太飽了，牠吃飯也從不挑剔，把地上的飯粒舔個精光。牠不喜歡洗澡，從來不接近浴室，喜歡以穹天大地為床，不肯進入為牠準備的狗舍。一聽到門口有摩托車聲，牠就會躲到門後，等車過去後，興奮地在車後狂追狂吠，捉狹那些可憐的騎士。等到要挨打時，牠就會賴在地上，裝出一副乖寶寶的模樣。 我們還收留了一隻小黑狗，在腹部被汽車輾傷後，我們在路邊撿回來的一條小命。偌大的庭院，兩個狗東西就像游手好閒的武士一樣，每天從前院追逐到後院。凡是可以動的蜥蜴、爬蟲與老鼠，甚至於能飛的麻雀和蜻蜓，都是牠們幸福童年的玩伴。 初來時，葉鄉長好心送來一隻活公雞，我們不忍殺害，便放養在院子裏。幾個月下來，那隻雞長得生猛雄俊，每天天還沒亮，便煞有介事扯開嗓門鬼叫。後來有了狗，狗不容雞，雞比狗兇，常常追得一院子雞飛狗跳。我們決定把雞殺掉，由我面授機宜，臨時教了小封兩手刀法。 殺雞時，我在廚房燒開水，突然覺得院子裏寂靜無聲，出外一看。小封滿身是血，手提菜刀，身後躲著縮頭縮腦的沈冰玉，另一邊是王傳宏，一副準備跑百米的姿態。而在小封面前約五尺處，佇立著那隻羽毛倒豎，精神抖擻，脖子上鮮血直冒的無頭小公雞！ 牠顯然不瞭解，為什麼這些平日仁至義盡的無尾動物，會不顧日日啼晨的苦勞，下此毒手？都都也不解，何以牠的玩伴一到我們手中，就血流五步！ 由於沈紅蓮不忍遺棄都都，兩年後搬家時我們把牠帶到了楊梅，不僅玩伴沒有了，活動空間也受到很大的限制。幸福童年的記憶變成牠對自由的渴望，經常頭靠著紗門，鼻子不停的向外聞。一見門口車子發動了，就開始哭鬧蹦跳要坐車。但是生存的依賴，又驅使著狗性必須適應人類。由點點滴滴的証據，我才看出了狗與人、人與人之間的異同。 我一直在尋找人為萬物之靈的証據，但一直只能証明人是萬物之一，人有何德何能自喻為萬物之靈呢？我試著先在狗身上，找出其與人相同之處。 狗的自私與人無二，牠從來只顧自己的需要，而不管別人是否方便。狗的愚昧也與人一模一樣，遇事沒有大腦可用，該叫時不叫，不該叫時喊聲震天。牠也怕寂寞，和人簡直不分上下！從早到晚只知吃喝玩樂睡，還得有人或有狗陪著！ 像這樣的狗東西，為什麼會博得人的歡心呢？ 在都蘭的別墅沒有裝電鈴，由大門口到屋內大約有八十公尺，都都便成為活動電鈴。其次，牠能抓蛇、捉老鼠、把雞趕得滿天飛。山邊多蛇，經常在我們面前蜿蜒來去。都都一發現蛇後，便在一旁狂吠不已，我們這些遲鈍的人才有機會把蛇除掉。 都都還會騙取人的感情，牠不記仇，不記恨。人被牠纏得煩了，大吼一聲，狗立刻挾尾而去。下一刻，牠又偷偷地望著人，要人替牠按摩，而且不斷的位移，讓你按摩身上不同的地方。牠也會看人的眼色，每當人的眼睛閉著，牠知道在一旁守候；眼睛一張，牠立刻搖尾而來！ 這些特性都是社會性群居動物，基於領域所養成的習性。領域是指群居動物生活的環境，牠們依賴環境中的資源生存，為了生存就必須佔有並保護其領域。人的領域是以家為單位，狗在原野中也有牠的家，被人豢養後，則以人的家為家。 人因為社會性其他功能的發展，漸漸失去了一些感官上不常用的本能，諸如聽覺、嗅覺等的遠距遙測。狗則需要食物、撫慰，除了人以外，其他的動物不可能提供。 因此，雙方一拍即合，人們愛狗其實是愛自己。人們稱道狗是人類最忠實的朋友，其實是說最忠於主人的動物！人即使是被豢養，還是有分辨心，還有是非感，不像狗，與人混熟了牠便不叫了！ 狗辨識人的方法也是我研究的對象，我先前以為狗只用鼻子，後來發現狗鼻子僅在牠貼近對方或是黑暗處視線不能及者才用到。我經常在二樓窗戶旁，只露出一個頭來，而牠在院子裏，一眼就能分辨出來。為此，我的視覺辨識模式是以人頭為一個辨識單位，只要看到了兩眼的相對關係，就可以把面部的特徵轉化成資料結構。 生物的演進方式實際上與人寫作文章或是程式無異，因為有缺點，所以要不斷地調整改進。調整乃根據相互的需要，狗要的只是生存，人要的則比較多。這又是一種適應的法則，要求多的一方必須有更多的能力，才能施捨一點點就能交換更多的報酬。 我又有了結論，人之靈，在於自知之明，人知道對萬物的需求，也知道如何施捨。反之，自以為有靈卻無自知之明，不願下功夫培養自己的能力，卻一味要求他人，這種人與狗就很相似了。不同的是狗很容易滿足，招之即來，揮之即去，是狗之忠實。今人則忠實於名財，忠實於權勢，忠實於人者已不多見矣！ 住新店時，有次我們家院子裡爬進了一隻很小的巴西烏龜，大約只有三公分長。一個珍貴的生命，只因它長得可愛，就此變成了人類的玩物。 我把牠養在案頭，利用一個小小的盆景，為牠特設計了一個小池塘，還有假山小樹，餵牠吃肉鬆。我發覺牠也有制約反應，每當我要餵食，一拿起肉鬆盒子，牠就四腳划動，慢步如飛，直撲到盆邊來張望。牠每次都會回到小池塘中進食，進食完了，又爬到我面前來。 牠那兩隻小眼睛，又是怎樣辨識的呢？因為解析力有限，我僅試驗過牠對動態的反應。我用牙籤插著肉鬆，在牠面前晃動。發現除了食物的形狀外，移動的速度非常重要，太快牠置之不理，太慢牠也興味索然。 後來我收集了一些孑孓，放在小池裏，原來牠的視力完全符合生存的需要。這時，但見牠精神奕奕，上下翻飛，一點也不笨重遲緩，直到孑孓都進了小胃，池中沒有動靜為止。是了，視覺辨識是能量的變化，是生存的保障，一物剋一物，靠的就是辨識！ 那時，我們每週兩次講習電影主題與技巧。我要測試小烏龜的距離感，便把牠放在手心中，讓牠面對著遠處的電視。牠居然能把頭固定對著螢幕，隨著光影轉動！實在難以思議，學生們看了無不稱奇！why? 牠太乖巧了，不吵不鬧。每天只伸著一顆小頭，兩隻像是筆尖般的眼睛，黜黑而深邃，凝視著小樹。有時我想知道牠在想些什麼，牠也會探出頭望著我，一動也不動。我們很有默契，天地之間，顯然只有我們大小傻瓜兩個，大眼對小眼！ 牠餓了就吃，飽了就睡，一副得道者的模樣。沈紅蓮也喜歡牠，常請去她那裏作客。她可以一手握著烏龜，一手打鍵盤，有時也會讓小烏龜爬爬鍵盤。到了進食時，我們都搶著餵牠，只要牠的頭一伸出來，就會有肉鬆送上嘴。 由於大家都沒有經驗，與其說是養牠，不如說是好玩。我曾看過一個理論，說是野生動物不可能長得過胖。只可惜牠已經有了家，一個過於寵愛牠的家，結果胖得四隻腳不能著地。後來，天氣漸冷了，牠的動作也一天比一天遲緩，顯然要冬眠了。 那是段難忘的經歷，自從牠冬眠後，沈紅蓮便天天檢查牠的情況。 有一天我突然聽到她的悲呼： 小烏龜死了！ 我心中一驚，很久很久以來，我的內心平靜如水，從不曾被外界的事物干擾過。但那一剎，我呆住了，心中彷彿是一張白紙。直到沈紅蓮把玻璃盒子捧過來，裏面赫然就是那隻已經乾扁的小烏龜，我定了定神，機械般地說： is dead! how could be?你不是說牠在冬眠嗎？ 是的，牠先我們而去了！我答非所問，心中在想，這個弱小的生命斷送在我的手中，難道不是罪過嗎？當然是的，我此刻的悲傷，不正是我潛意識的懺悔嗎？ Yeah?這只是矯情，我難道沒有殘害過生命嗎？人類為了生存，難道不是不斷地殘害著其他的生命嗎？如非我，這隻小烏龜還不見得會活到今天。一隻小烏龜與一條金魚有什麼分別呢？一條金魚與一條餐桌上的鯉魚，又有什麼不同呢？ 我痛惜這隻小烏龜，只是因為私心有了損失，有喜愛就有悲傷！有希望必有失望！我在院裡撿到牠，將牠放生就能解決問題嗎？有人特地到市場去買些烏龜，只為了放生，美其名為功德！那麼捕捉烏龜的人，豈不是與有功焉？ 雖然是這麼一件小事，可是其中卻隱藏著重要的訊息。我並不在意是否自己種了惡孽，我關心的是生物界生死準則的問題。不錯，一隻小烏龜死了，我心為之傷慟。但是此時此刻，世上有多少生命已經或瀕臨死亡？我為什麼不為牠們悲傷呢？ 我當然有一個堅強的理由，因為我並沒有看到！難道只有眼睛看到才叫做死亡嗎？那麼為什麼當沈紅蓮喊著小烏龜死了時，我並沒有看到，卻仍然心神皆顫呢？不必再掩飾了，我騙不了自己，人感到悲傷時，其實都是感傷自己！死亡之可悲，是因為遲早將會輪到自己！某一個生命消逝的可悲，是因為自己所喜愛的一去不歸！ 看清楚些吧！真要悲天憫人，就要徹底瞭解問題之所在！既然隨時隨地都有生死輪迴，人要抱著慈悲的心懷，就永遠不可能快樂興奮！我們改變不了宇宙中的能量循環，也就必須接受生死存亡的現實！ 接受現實不表示滿足於現實，人如果能看清楚這一點，就知道我們做人的責任。我們與狗、烏龜不同之處，就在於能夠認知宇宙、生命以及能量、存亡等現象，從而尋求妥善的因應之道。這些道理很難說得清楚，故用一個概念代表之，這個概念就是靈。 所以，萬物之靈是對萬物的生死存亡，有了一種感覺認知者。由己及人，人人都應該有此感覺及認知，故稱人為萬物之靈！ 小烏龜雖然死了，沈紅蓮還不捨得把牠丟掉。搬到都蘭以後，她覺得這裡山明水秀，才讓牠長眠在水井旁的小花園中。 有人認為幽默是引起人類興趣的法門，是行為境界中最高的一種。我不同意，只要人的心情愉快，不論販夫走卒，人人都可以互相幽默一番。 如果把幽默分成很多等級，隨著境界的不同，取材和方式就大異其趣。不過，幽默的難度在境界而不在幽默本身。 有人認為幽默與民族性有關，這也是自由心証，絲毫經不住考驗。只要我們對幽默本身作一番探討，就會知道人只有在心情愉悅的情況下，能得到幽默的效應。對一個苦難甚多，掙扎在生存邊緣的人或民族來說，哪有心情苦中作樂？而那些生活幸福，無憂無慮，成天嘻嘻哈哈的人們，見別人摔得頭破血流，也會覺得幽默無比哩！ 首先，我們得知道什麼是笑？人為什麼會笑？笑是一種使肌肉鬆弛的反射動作，當神經脈衝傳來的訊號，呈一斷一續的連貫狀態時，如果訊號非常輕微，便是癢。在訊號強烈時，腎上腺素就發出相對的訊號，使得肌肉一剎間緊張，一剎間受到遏止。這樣連續不止，生理反射的結果，便形成了笑。同理，當人遇到一樁事件，先是緊張；再若人發現是一時的誤會，立刻精神鬆弛，這時也會發出笑聲。 笑的時候，肌肉得到適當的振動，如同被按摩一般，故而得到了鬆弛的效果。肌肉的鬆弛是有利於生理的一種反射作用，但過度的鬆弛則會造成神經的麻痺。 人喜歡笑，藉著笑能達到有限運動的效果，有利於身心。嬰兒臉肌的抽動以及四肢的晃動，都是在興奮狀態下，一種發展肌肉的輕微運動，人卻誤以為嬰兒很快樂。 人在經驗中得知什麼是正確與錯誤，因為社會的壓力，人人力求行為正確，極力避免錯誤的發生。可是在日常生活中，太多的正常反而使求變的人性感到厭煩。這時為了自我宣洩，或為了取悅他人，特意表達出某種出人意料的語言或行為，使之產生變化，凡此皆可謂之幽默： 一、語言行為正確，但明顯地有些細節錯誤，讓人意料不到，而又無傷大雅。 二、語言行為未必正確，但需要稍加思索，才能發現錯誤者，更能出人意料。 三、在正確與否之間，或者具有雙關，曖昧不明者。 四、某種語言行為有私密性，或令人尷尬，兼具緊張與鬆弛的效果者。 當然，要仔細去分析，幽默的方法可以寫成一本書。但運用上述幾點，大致上已經夠幽人一默了。不過千萬要注意選擇適當的時機，在別人心情不佳時，幽默就變成了嘲弄。再如對方不懂幽默，最好敬而遠之，否則石沉大海不說，反而被對方幽了一默。 更別忘了，幽默代表人的品味，低級趣味雖可搏人一笑，難免由此被別人看輕。高級的幽默應言之有物，一笑之餘，可發人深省。至於那弦外之音，要別人苦苦思索上十天半月，或者終生受用不盡的，就叫做禪機了。