Chapter 28 7. Solve problems with addition and subtraction

When it comes to the way to solve the problem, many people feel unpredictable.Let's talk about the simplest method now: addition and subtraction, a way of thinking that increases and decreases the number of elements of things. Mr. Nan Huaijin said in "Miscellaneous Comments on the Book of Changes": All the principles in the universe are one plus and one minus, which is very simple. Just because the principle of addition and subtraction is universal in all things, it is also very common and easy to apply. Let's look at addition first, and if it is insufficient, add.Sometimes adding a little thing can greatly increase the variable of success.Increasing tolerance can reduce troubles; increasing learning can reduce ignorance; increasing majesty can reduce contempt; increasing virtue can reduce jealousy and calculation

(1) Make good use of addition More than ten years ago, when I was still a reporter, I did a small practice of using addition to solve problems. At that time, the whole country was vigorously carrying out the campaign of no fake products in hundreds of cities and thousands of stores.One store owner was very supportive of the campaign and offered to pay 10,000 yuan to anyone who bought a fake in his store.I hope this will drive business in the store.Unfortunately, this did not achieve the desired effect. At that time, I met him by chance because of interviews. After hearing his story, I gave him an idea: put a sign on the door: 10,000 yuan as a gift!

Ten thousand yuan was a huge amount at the time.Many people passed by here and couldn't help but visit the store.After entering, you will know the answer.Because there is a more detailed notice inside: If any of the products in this store are found to be fake.Our store will present 10,000 yuan as compensation! As a result, more and more customers went to the store, and the business quickly became popular.This is just adding an extra sign at the door, but the effect is very different! A department store in Japan has been open for a while, but business has not been very good.The boss thought hard about a way to win by surprise, and finally came up with a trick: let the employees go to various small restaurants in the city to eat, and investigate a question: which restaurant has the best curry rice?

After the investigation results came out, the company invited the small restaurant that made the best curry rice to open in the department store, and asked the restaurant to reduce the price of curry rice by 40%, and the department store subsidized the reduced part. As a result, the news that the curry rice in this department store was cheap and good spread throughout the city within a few days.For a time, customers flooded the door.In addition to eating curry and rice, they also stop by the department store to buy things, and the sales of the department store have skyrocketed. (2) Make good use of subtraction

Now, let's look at subtraction.The so-called reduction, first of all, is to remove those obstacles or things that destroy success. When two armies confront each other, you can become stronger by destroying the other party's vital force, which is subtraction; friends misunderstand, and find ways to clear up the past, this is subtraction; Worry?This is also less, less unnecessary worries and troubles, it can make life easier Subtraction is still saving. For example, Dell’s direct sales model not only saves a lot of costs because of the elimination of intermediate links, but also has great competitiveness because of personalized services that better meet customer needs.

The way of cargo hold sales is considered a revolution in sales.The emergence of this method also comes from the use of subtraction: the original shopping malls must be beautifully decorated, but this is not what all consumers need.Quite a few consumers value only the price and quality of the product.So some people decisively removed the beautiful decoration function, and used the reduced cost for the selling price of the product, which achieved great success. Subtraction has another great effect, that is, in the process of invention and creation, it is impossible to eliminate.The success of many scientific researches is to eliminate all kinds of impossible paths step by step, and finally the only possibility remains.

In 1816, the world's first camera was invented.Ten years later, someone successfully took the first permanent photo using a photosensitive material discovered.But taking a photo like this requires a full eight hours of exposure in the sun, which is not practical.So many people devoted themselves to exploring the mysteries of photography, and French artist and landscape painter Daguerre was one of them. By chance, Daguerre accidentally left the key on a metal plate that had been treated with iodine, only to find that the shadow of the key remained on the plate.He was very excited about the discovery of this new photosensitive material, and conducted a special experiment. As a result, the shadow was photographed, but the image formed after photosensitive was so thin that it was almost invisible to the naked eye.

One day, he was looking for medicines in the medicine box, and found that a waste film that had been exposed to light was very clear.Which medicine in the medicine cabinet played a role?From the next day, he took out a bottle of medicine while putting in the negatives every day.Thus, if the active drug is removed, the negative will not be visualized. The strange thing is that after all the medicines have been taken out, the negatives are still clearly visible.Daguerre was puzzled, and he checked the box carefully, and found that there was nothing at the bottom of the box except some mercury.Could it be mercury at work?Daguerre immediately experimented, and finally found the answer: it was the evaporation of mercury that caused the film to develop.In this way, Daguerre solved the problem of visualization.

(3) Make good use of addition and subtraction Sometimes, adding or subtracting alone cannot solve the problem, and a combination of addition and subtraction is needed. During the time of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, he cracked the soil to seal the king and designated the land as a prince, which made the princes surnamed Liu sit on the throne, and the authority of the central government gradually lost.Since then, several generations of emperors have tried their best to solve this problem.Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty blindly practiced extra favors on the princes. Although the people of the world were conquered by virtue, the power of the princes became stronger and stronger, and some princes even began to fight against the imperial court.

When it came to Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing followed Chao Cuo's advice and blindly used subtraction to cut down the princes.As a result, the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion was caused. Not only did the problem not be solved, but even Chao Cuo, who proposed the initiative, was killed by the seven princes in the name of the Qing emperor. However, when it came to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the problem was solved with only a small idea of ​​the counselor Zhu Fuyan.This is: Tweet, spread.To extend kindness is to extend the kindness to the princes to their descendants.There are more than ten children of each prince, and all the princes and princes are named princes, so that they all receive the emperor's favor.And the dispersion means that the central government will no longer give a piece of land to these newly appointed princes.All the land allocated to the princes came from the princes themselves.In this way, the land of the big country is actually divided up.Without moving a single soldier, their power will be dispersed.A problem that has plagued emperors for generations was easily solved in this way.

As far as the situation at that time was concerned, simply using addition or subtraction would not work: if you just push favors blindly, the power of the princes will become stronger and stronger, threatening the central government.If you blindly disperse power, it will arouse the dissatisfaction of the princes and unite against the imperial court.The only way is to use both addition and subtraction, on the one hand to benefit them, and on the other hand to quietly weaken their power.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty knew the principle of using both addition and subtraction, and without a single soldier, he weakened the power of the princes when they not only had no resentment, but were grateful. The way of civil and military affairs is to relax one piece at a time; the way of management is to give both grace and power.This is actually a combination of addition and subtraction.The one country, two systems proposed by Deng Xiaoping resolutely takes back sovereignty; the right of governance is more open than the British.It is a typical combination of addition and subtraction.