Chapter 3 Chapter One Establishing a New Outlook on Life

To establish a new outlook on life is to establish a new philosophy of life.It is an observation of the meaning of life and a discussion of the value of life. It is necessary to deeply penetrate the connotation of life and cover the panorama of life far away.What is the meaning of our life?What is the value of being alive?How can we have a life of meaning and value?What is our future?These constant and similar problems, if we don’t think about them today, we may not think about them tomorrow; if we don’t think about them once a month, we may not think about them once a year; When the wind is blowing and the moon is waning, Qingming may think of it when he is bowing.If you think about it but cannot give a reasonable answer, you are facing a great crisis in your life.If there is someone who will never think of it, then it is really worthy of being a fool who wasted his life and wasted his life.Thinking and using wisdom to seek answers, then he has stepped into the scope of philosophy of life.We have life first and then philosophy of life, just as there is diet before nutrition.But since we have a philosophy of life to help us explore and answer these questions that are inseparable from life, why don't we study them?What's more, this kind of discussion and answer has passed through the brains and hearts of many sages, and it is the crystallization of their wisdom. Why don't we study it?

shepherd boy!Do you have a philosophy?This is a question that has been circulated in the West since ancient times.Yes, the shepherd boy never had a philosophy, and it is more likely that he has his philosophy of life. If we adopt the broad-mindedness of William James, we believe that philosophy is an attitude towards life.However, there are positive attitudes, biased attitudes, healthy attitudes, and unhealthy attitudes. Some can stand the test of reason and experience, and some cannot stand the test of reason and experience.Not only the joys and sorrows of life are divided here, but also the value and worthlessness of life are divided here.Therefore, the study of philosophy of life cannot be ignored.An old farmer in the countryside often seeks out, and can often grasp, one or two sentences of the legacy of the ancestors, the famous sayings of the elders, and thinks that the principles of life and the world, the foundation of a life: this is the reasonable requirement of his life.What's more, people, especially young people, who have developed to a considerable degree of knowledge and reason, and are eager to find out the meaning of life?

In the modern era, philosophy of life has more important meaning and mission.Because in this era, the old moral standards have been shaken, and the new moral standards have not yet been established, the average young people feel hesitant, feel confused, often lose ground, and fall into the abyss of boredom and distress.This is the case in China, and it is the same in the West.Western countries used to rely on religion to give people peace of mind and maintain a good social order, but now the old religious beliefs have been shaken, and new faith centers have not yet been established.If you read Walter Lippmann's Preface to Morals, you will know that both Chinese and foreign people feel the same way.Therefore, in this era, it is even more necessary to re-evaluate the value scale of life in order to establish a new philosophy of life; otherwise, we will suffer from depression and distress for a long time, our emotions will shrink day by day, our will will become more and more decadent, and our life will naturally become more and more depressed.As a result, the first step in the mentality of the young people is wavering, the second step is pursuit, and the third step is disillusionment: what a miserable state this is!Can people with intellectual responsibilities stand by and watch this kind of work for the livelihood of the people?

To establish a new philosophy of life, we must first understand that there are at least three differences in attitude between him and the old philosophy of life.Only with this different attitude can the new scale of life value be re-evaluated. The first thing to recognize is that the new philosophy of life is not about should (ought), but about cannot (cannot).The old philosophy of life often believed that all moral standards are innate categories, and life should only be stuffed into them.The new philosophy of life does not hold the theory of innate categories, but only thinks that this is the need of facts, the crystallization of experience, and the judgment after thinking.The question of should or should not be relatively empty, and the question of whether it will be successful or not, is more relevant.Take the laws of grammar as an example. Originally, there are characters first and then there are grammars. Grammar is only derived from characters.The laws of grammar do not force people to obey them, but if you do not obey them, you will not be able to express your meaning and make people understand.You yourself use words to express the purpose of expressing expressions, but you yourself are defeated by this.So this is unacceptable, it is undesirable, and it is the so-called unacceptable.

Second, the new philosophy of life does not rely solely on authority or tradition, but uses reason to examine modern requirements and living conditions.Both authority and tradition are not negligible, but it is not necessary to accept them all blindly.We have to examine him with reason and experience to see if he is in line with the aspirations and goals of modern life, as well as the motivation for survival.This is not to erase the old, but to re-examine and explain the old.What is old is history, and history is hidden in everyone's life consciousness. Not only can it not be erased, but it can't be lost if you want to; but the flow of life is advancing, and each time stage has its own characteristics.Only by casting the past and making it an active past, as a part of the new life, can it meet and improve the requirements of the present existence.

There is another layer, the new philosophy of life does not talk about the science of seeing nature, let alone the theory of good and evil.He advocates the development of the whole life and its character and demeanor, explores the mysteries of life from knowledge, and cultivates an ideal life from experience and habits.He denies innate and primitive evils, and he does not rely on intuition to judge right from wrong. He does not know what it means to be a bodhi tree and a mind like a mirror stand.He does not base his standards of conduct on contemplative fantasies, nor does he base his standards on impulsive desires.He wants to find out the relationship between people and nature, and between people and nature from the history and culture of the nation and mankind, so as to determine the character and demeanor that an individual should develop.He wants to promote the whole social life and human happiness from the reality of personal noble life.If you think so, you will not fail.

The new philosophy of life just resets the value table of life based on these three attitudes to establish a new outlook on life.He does not deny all the values ​​of the old, and sometimes just makes necessary changes and amendments.After re-estimating the old value, he still compiles it into the new value standard list, in order to achieve a more meaningful, richer and more fulfilling realization.This is the turn case (die Umwertung aller Werte) of real value. We not only seek to achieve a richer and more fulfilling life, we also want to improve our life.A mediocre life is not worth living.We must use our vitality to move towards our ideals, not only to make our lives extraordinarily noble, majestic and majestic, but also to lead ordinary people with our lives and make their lives extraordinarily noble. Great, majestic and magnificent.Therefore, we must establish three new outlooks on life based on the new philosophy of life.

The first is a dynamic outlook on life. The universe is dynamic and continuous; people in the universe are naturally moving and continuous.Greek philosopher Heracletus said: You cannot stand in the same river twice.Confucius said on the river: The dead are like husbands, never giving up day and night.They all explain this.What's more, modern physicists tell us that not only the planets in the sky are moving, but also inside the atom, every electron is constantly revolving around the nucleus!In the traditional Chinese philosophy of life, there are too many restrictions on the vivid aspects of people.In particular, the Confucianism of the Song Dynasty emphasized the doctrine of tranquility and respect, which made a lively person immobile.Yan Xizhai described the education of rites, music, archery, censorship, calligraphy, and mathematics presided over by the real Confucius, and the education of Song Confucianism, E Guanbo, and Tan Jingjing as a shocking and absolutely opposite picture.He said with emotion: In the Song Dynasty, the former residence in Bianye gave birth to three or four Yao, Confucius, six or seven Yu, and Yan; the later Nandu also gave birth to three or four Yao, Kong, six or seven Yu, and Yan.However, there were dozens of sages and sages in the past, who did not see a meritorious service in helping those in need, and did not see a worthy talent in the lower ranks. They used the two emperors to give gold to Bianjing and Yu!Later, there were dozens of sages and sages, who did not see a meritorious service in helping those in need, and did not see a worthy talent in the lower class. They paid the sea with the young emperor with both hands, jade seals and yuan!In a world of many sages and sages, is this the case?Alas! (Yan Xizhai Cunxue edited the theory of sex theory.) These words are really the essence of practice!In today's times, it can be especially thought-provoking.In fact, some of the theories of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty have been infiltrated with some elements of Indian philosophy, which has long been contrary to the main purpose of Confucius and Molixing.

We want to promote a dynamic outlook on life, but at the same time we must fully notice that there are two different types of motion in motion: one is conscious motion and the other is unconscious motion.Conscious movement is active and automatic.Unconscious movement is mechanical movement, passive and blind movement.Many moving phenomena in nature belong to the latter, such as planets orbiting the sun and following their orbits for thousands of years, which is an example.The actions of several animals, why not?Haven't you seen the moths rushing into the flames, and the ostriches digging into the sand?In fact, the actions of some people have not been spared.For example, impulse, often due to some kind of stimulation, some kind of reaction and change occurs in the nerve or blood circulation system, and there is no time to think about it, and some kind of rapid action is suddenly issued; isn't this a physiological mechanical movement?Such movements are not only unconscious but also meaningless in nature.Fortunately, human actions are by no means like this; this corner cannot describe the overall situation, otherwise the whole history would be mechanical, blind and meaningless.Man is conscious, inspired, and intelligent, so he has freedom of thought and freedom of choice, and he can direct his dynamics based on his judgment.Life is worth living, affairs are worth striving for, and history is worth making, and that's why. (For detailed theories, see the following two chapters: Pessimism and Optimism and Unlocking the Chains of Destiny and Mechanism.) Those who regard life and history as cogs on a machine, according to their imaginary formula, think that they can’t move but cannot move. It is not only self-deprecating, but also slandering human beings.

The second is the creative outlook on life. We need to move, and our movement is not mechanical, but conscious, that is, it can be directed by consciousness. Then we should use our motivation to creative careers go.We create not only by our own power, but by the use of our own power, by mobilizing and conquering the power of nature.We not only need to drive unlimited electricity to serve human beings, but I think in the near future, we will be able to liberate the infinite atomic energy in the universe and become a regulated power to open up a new era for the happiness of human beings.It depends on creative intelligence.The existence of human beings today is the accumulation of the intelligence created by the sages of the past dynasties.If we can't develop our creative intelligence, we are not only sorry for our own life, but also sorry for the legacy of the sages.Conservative success?Conservation is consumption, decline, stagnation, decay and destruction.For example, the cultural creations of previous generations were great and outstanding.If you don’t absorb and conceive them, and then work hard to create them, but keep the old ones specially, then not only the old ones can’t become a part of the new life, (we can only enjoy it at most), but also the new great cultural works will never come out.What's more, the great creation will always be the creation of the predecessors, the creation of the previous era, and the limited creation; it is not the creation of the individual, the creation of the present era, and the infinite creation.We not only want to continue the past, but also to open up!

The third is the outlook on life of the big self. We should not look at life too small or too narrow.A life that is too small and too narrow cannot be brought into play.He must be like a flower bud without rain and dew. Not only will it not bloom, but it will wither and die.The reason why we have what we are today is the result of the sweat and blood of many people.As far as material things are concerned, what we eat, wear, walk, and live in is not contributed by farmers, workers, businessmen, engineers, and inventors?As far as spiritual food is concerned, that great and lofty philosophical thought, beautiful and harmonious music and art, heart-pounding literary works, and thorough and faithful historical records: those who nurture our spiritual life are not philosophers. legacy?We owe too much debt to the larger society.Only by means of them can the ego be fully formed.Conversely, only by making the best use of the ego and expanding the ego can the big ego be realized.To live for the ego is too dull, too uninteresting, too meaningless.The ego must become one with the greater ego in order to understand the meaning of existence.The ego must be used to elevate and push the ego, so that the crowd can go upward; otherwise, the ego is just a small bubble in the flood, what value is there?This is the true meaning of my outlook on life! The outlook on life is not empty, it must be realized through life.If you don't practice it yourself, you will definitely not be able to understand the meaning of this outlook on life and maintain his nobility.Therefore, in order to realize these three basic outlooks on life, it is necessary to rely on the following three ways of life. The first is the existence of a living life full of vitality, of course it depends on vitality, and the development of life especially depends on vitality.Vitality is the infinite vitality contained in life, the driving force that continuously pushes and expands life upwards and outwards.Although it is a small seed, it can grow into a towering tree; although it is a fire in a fireplace, it can absorb oxygen in the air very high and far away, making it glow and glow, full of vitality. Room Health Spring.He makes life non-stop, stagnant, non-corroding, lively, progressive, and developable.A life with vitality is full of vigor, and a life without vitality is dying.At the crossroads of these two lives, which one would you choose?Vitality often increases as it is exerted more; but a oriented life should also cultivate and store it, preventing him from venting at will, so that he can accumulate strong power and write a more meaningful life. The second is the life of will. Among the people who are addicted to material life, how many people can practice the life of will?Can you appreciate the joy of this life?Don't talk about Superman, I'm afraid we have to wait for the maverick!How can a person who is not extremely difficult deserve to live a meaningful life?Because this life is not sensual or enjoyable.The expansion of life is free from obstacles, and obstacles are tests of the will.The weak-willed run away from difficulties.Only a strong-willed man can use his vitality to conquer the past.Going through pain is normal.Only the sweetness after pain is the sweetness of real interest.But can mediocre people understand?People with a strong will are absolutely not afraid of destruction, and they can destroy themselves. After destruction, they can create great creations, so war is the touchstone of will.I often talk about wars and say: Before a war begins, what is considered is the importance of interests; after the war, what is considered is the strength of will.This is the key to winning or losing!This is true not only of wars of visible armies, but of all wars of existence.Mediocrity, retreat, are the chains of failure, and only a strong will can undo them. The third is the life of the strong who can rely on his will to use his vitality to conquer difficulties. What is the life of the non-strong?What I mean by strong is strong but not violent, and it is the strength of a gentleman who is constantly striving for self-improvement.The opposite of strong is weak.Wagging his tail and begging for mercy, thinking that he can't do it, is a symbol of the weak.The symbol of the strong is the ability to live life in danger.He is not only not afraid of danger, but also willing to accept danger.He knew that war could not be avoided, so he went to the battlefield singing happily.His moral code is strong, brave, fearless, upright, dignified, big-hearted, and high-spirited.What he despises most are weakness, weakness, fear, dependence, narrowness, deceit, and shamelessness.He seeks no security because he rejoices in a life of danger.The ancients said that the rock is safe, but the rock is not alive.What's the point of living a lifeless life for 10,000 years?Besides, seeking safety is impossible.Security is due to balance, so does life have a fixed balance?Because you develop, others also develop. Only by balancing the development of others with your own development can you be more secure.If so, it's up to me.So he is always the master, not the slave. The above three ways of life are the foundation of a truly meaningful life.But these three ways of life must be coherent, properly adjusted and used in order to achieve a perfect and ideal life.Speaking of this, we have to go a step further and get to know three brilliant and great forces. (1) Ideal Ideal is the perfect artistic conception that human beings can imagine for the universe and life.He is especially the enlightenment of life, that is, the light hanging in front of life, the light that shines on the process of life's efforts.He is not a fantasy, let alone a fantasy, because his creation is bred by incisive thinking and great wisdom, and he has been tested by strict principles and rich experience.Life is most likely to be trapped in the chaos of reality, and it is very dangerous to be unable to shake it off.The so-called Quanshen said: If you have wine today, you will be drunk today, and you will worry about tomorrow, which is the terrible psychology of sinking into reality.But what is especially frightening is the so-called realism in the psychology of youth in recent years.In unscrupulous ways, the Communist Party takes advantage of the psychological weakness of young people seeking instant gratification and encourages a kind of realism everywhere.The young people disregarded the common happiness in the dormitory, and split the wooden bed to boil water in a blink of an eye; regardless of the extreme difficulty of the experimental materials, they lit the alcohol lamp in the laboratory to boil eggs; Get everyone to stand and listen!The tools for seeking knowledge are destroyed, and the purpose of enrolling is lost, only for the momentary pleasure and satisfaction!The vicious incitement of those young people has caused such a terrible abnormal psychology!The spread of this kind of perverted psychology finally reached the general society, causing a so-called eating-up movement!During the thirty-seven and eighth years of the Republic of China, especially in Nanjing and Shanghai, many people crazily ate the food they had saved and sold the things that could be sold, and took the train from A to B. Well, enjoy it as much as you can.After enjoying it, it is not possible to die, so come to sigh and resent.The Communist Party's attempt to subvert the government and destroy the rear has achieved its goal, but the people who have been encouraged to drink like crazy are blocked behind the Iron Curtain to live a life of hunger and slavery!As for the residual poison left in social morality, it is even more difficult to estimate.After suffering such evil results, can we still not be enlightened?If we want to restore our humanity and improve our lives, we must have ideals.If we want to build a country and reset the world order, we must have ideals.The ideal is our vision, that is, the goal that excites us and strives for it.The ideal is stretched with the progress of the times, so the final ideal is always unreachable; but it is precisely because of this that the continuation of life is more meaningful. (2) Wisdom Wisdom (wisdom) is the perspective of life, a subtle wisdom, and at the same time the crystallization of this wisdom.He can cover and understand reason and experience, and realize a certain truth from it.Wisdom and intelligence are difficult to strictly divide.Wisdom is often based on intelligence, but at a certain stage, or in a certain relationship, he can have a ulterior motive.The display of his effectiveness is often in the relationship between people, so the wisdom beads left by the philosophers of the past are often treasured in the philosophy of life.Take the current problem as an example. Building an atomic bomb requires a high degree of intelligence, but how to use it requires great wisdom.When two armies are at war, they can make full use of their intellect to achieve victory; but after victory, how to use the fruits of war to adjust the relationship between various countries and nations, so as to establish a new world order and long-term peace, is even more difficult. It takes a lot of intelligence.In personnel affairs, especially in major historical decisions, whether there is an element of wisdom is extremely important, because only history can prove many consequences.If the influence of wisdom in history is the same, why not in the important choices in the course of personal life? (3) Personality Personality is the standard for measuring the value of an individual's life, and it is the characteristic that makes a certain person different from others, that is, the ability to maintain the continuity of a certain person's life, especially his moral life.The formation of human society depends entirely on the trust between people.The basis of trust lies in the mutual understanding of the minimum personality.The erratic and unpredictable life forms are only seen in the ghost fox in novels, and should not be used to measure human beings.After a sudden change, people who are facing Qin Muchu can never be said to have personality.The reason why people are human is only by the flesh, only recognize the body?Well, physiologists and chemists can tell you frankly that your whole body is only composed of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, calcium and other atoms; Counting in millions of units; after death, the entire body is greatly liberated, returning to the original form of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and calcium.In this way, a person is not a man, and I am not me, so what is there to be a man, let alone the efforts of others?This is an inevitable conclusion of historical materialism, and this is also the feeling that many people in the late nineteenth century got after being dazzled by the development of material science.Even Liang Rengong was shocked when he first heard this.So there are remarks that do not hesitate to declare war on the self of today and the self of yesterday.Then we know that life is not so one-sided, cruel and meaningless.The combination of a person is not one-sided, so besides the body, there is also the soul; besides the appearance, there is also a typical human being; his entire life has its authenticity in the space-time system of the universe, but what is left of his life is Deeds can be passed on for a long time, and the radiative effect will continue to occur, and the fluctuation and accumulation will become the greatest influence.The connection and continuous effect of personality on the whole life is particularly great.The value of life is also measured by him.Speaking of the continuity of personality sustaining life, I have to mention an indelible story as an illustration. After the defeat at the Songshan Battle at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hong Chengchou also went through a period of indomitable surrender to the Qing Dynasty, and he was reused by the Qing court. Let it be a strategy.Later, Huang Daozhou was defeated in Anmei and captured. He went on a hunger strike for seven days and survived. He was sent to Jiangning.Hong and Huang are fellow villagers and want to save his life.The messenger came and said: Don't suffer yourself, I will protect you from death.The public scolded: "Chengchou's death is too long!"In the defeat of Songshan, the late emperor died in pain, and sacrificed to him personally, how could he still survive?So far, although Huang Daozhou died, his personality still shines brightly. Although Hong Chengchou survived stealthily, his valuable life was interrupted at that time, because he had already destroyed his personality! Of course personality is a term for morality.Note that value is also a term for morality.All theories of value in philosophy have moral implications.Although some people don't like him and want to deny him, if he is destroyed, the entire human race will also be destroyed, and human life will also perish.Only animals and insects can live in this world, so there is no need for a philosophy of life! To develop a new outlook on life to create a new life and a new order, we must first create a new atmosphere, which requires people who are the first to open up the atmosphere and transfer the atmosphere of the whole life.The evolution of society is not driven by the majority of people who are addicted to the current chaos, but by a few people who are unique and outstanding.The latter kind of people should not only lead with ideas, but also lead by example of practice for this kind of hard-working work.This is the case throughout history; the respected Confucius and Mo Nai are the sages who practiced.In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Xizhai and Li Shugu generally advocated extreme practice.Take Zeng Guofan in modern times as an example. We do not approve of him helping the Qing court to pacify the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; Quite a place where people can't do it.He criticized the administration of officials at that time: most of them regarded fear as prudence, and sluggishness as respect.There are two common faults in Beijing officials' handling of affairs, which are shrinking and triviality;So at that time, it was a situation where the outside was completely and festered.He talked about the military affairs at that time, quoting Zheng Gongzi's sudden words, saying that victory does not give way, defeat does not save each other, lightness does not make order, greed does not kiss.He lamented that the people of the world at that time were deeply worried about having no soldiers and not enough money, and wept bitterly when they were not paid enough.He is not a very conscientious person as most people imagine, on the contrary, he is a very smart and talented person; but he insists on restraining his intelligence and talent, and turns it into a kind of tenacity. Is a loyal elder.Relying on the foundation of Luo Zenan's lectures in Hunan, and the power of his own practice and call, combined with a group of Hunan scholars, he was able to change the atmosphere, overcome great difficulties, and prolong the life of the Manchu Qing for decades. (An example of him changing the morale of the army is very noteworthy. Didn’t he say that the army was defeated and could not be rescued? He regarded it as the family law of the Hunan Army to save thousands of miles, so he often won battles.) A Zeng Guofan under the old concept of an autocratic regime , can still be practiced and called for for a while, not to mention that we have a new philosophical conviction, in front of the important juncture of the national survival war of this country? In this great era, which is also the era of the most violent broadcast, it is the most urgent and important thing to determine a new outlook on life and realize a new way of life.Mr. Fang Dongmei said: When Chinese sages encountered national catastrophes, they always had to develop great and profound thoughts, cultivate broad and deep emotions, and urge us to cheer up and strive to improve our morals.They scrutinize the meaning of life and determine the value of life, so that we can stand on our feet.During the Napoleonic Wars, the German philosopher Fichte gave lectures and published an address to the German nation, which also meant this.Now it is like a lonely boat in the sea, although dark clouds are everywhere, the wind and waves are blowing the sky, the hull is shaking, the clothes of the people on the boat are soaked, and they are in pain; as long as we stand firmly on the heel of the rudder, look at the light of the lighthouse ahead, and be calm. He bravely drums the great ship of the times to advance, and finally the boat can sail safely.This little prank is just the turmoil that should be expected in a sea voyage!