Chapter 11 Chapter Three From Wu Guogong to Wu Wang San, Southern Expedition and Northern Expedition

When Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to conquer Fang Guozhen, he decided on the plan of the Southern Expedition and the Northern Expedition. In September of the first year of Wu, the territory ruled by Yuanzhang generally occupied the current Hubei, Hunan, southeastern Henan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Zhejiang, including the lower reaches of the Han River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The area with the highest density and the most prosperous. In addition to the area occupied by Yuan Zhang, southern China is divided into dozens of military separatist areas: Xia Guomingsheng is centered on Sichuan, and Yuan clan King Liang guards Yunnan. Guangdong and Guangxi are also forces of the Yuan Dynasty. Although Chen Youding in Fujian is domineering, he is still loyal to the Yuan Dynasty. .

Yuanzhang saw that Xia Guozhu's young soldiers were weak, so he would not do anything; Yunnan was too far away, so he could not ask for the time being.Decided to first enter the target is Fujian and Guangdong and Guangxi. Northern China is apparently ruled by the Yuan Dynasty government, but the situation is very complicated; Shandong is the defense line of the Huang army (landlord army) Wang Xuan; Luo Timur's first army town Datong.Expansion Timur was at odds with Generals Li and Zhang, and Polo Timur was in opposition to Expansion Timur.When Yuan Zhang entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang, these generals of the Yuan Dynasty were fighting for military power, grabbing territory, fighting civil war wholeheartedly, fighting to the death, and no one cared about the overall situation of the war.At the same time as the internal conflicts among the military leaders, the internal conflicts in the court at the top of the ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty also deepened and intensified.A coup d'état by the palace and an open civil war by military leaders combined and took advantage of each other. The ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty split into two groups that fought against each other and killed each other. The fight is lively and the killing is lively, resulting in a situation where the snipe and the clam fight and the fisherman benefits.

Yuanzhang took advantage of the favorable situation of the fierce fighting within the Yuan Dynasty, took the opportunity to conquer the east and the south, expand the territory, and enrich the army.When Yuanzhang's Northern Expedition army approached the city, the military leaders of the Yuan Dynasty panicked and stopped killing each other, but they were unwilling and unwilling to cooperate with others and listen to other people's orders. A good fighter that concentrates a large force for individual annihilation.As a result of the scattered military forces of the Yuan government being wiped out one by one, the Mongolian-Han joint regime of landlords who had been oppressing classes and nations for a long time was also wiped out.

The history of internal struggles among Yuan military leaders dates back several years.After the Red Army uprising, the regular army of the Yuan Dynasty couldn't resist and lost battles everywhere.Fighting resolutely and tenaciously against the Red Army was the rebel army, which was a local militia organized by landlords and local tyrants to defend private life and property, also called the township army.The Red Army wanted to overthrow the rule of the landlord class, but the landlords wanted to defend their own rule. This was a life-and-death class struggle. The banner was very clear, and the struggle was naturally very fierce.There are two most powerful in the rebel army, one is Chahan Timur and Li Siqi from Shenqiu (now Shenqiu, Henan).The ancestors of Chahan Timur were the Mongolian soldiers who occupied Henan in the early Yuan Dynasty, and their descendants settled in Shenqiu. In the twelfth year of Zhengzheng, Li Siqi, the landlord of Luoshan, led the children from the village to attack Luoshan occupied by the Red Army. The Yuan Dynasty government voted for Runing Mansion Dalu Huachi, the landlords' armed forces from all over the country participated one after another after hearing the news, forming a landlord army of ten thousand people. Over the past few years, they have defeated the Red Army, reoccupied Hebei, Guanshan, and Bianliang, and took Henan. .When preparing to attack Shandong on a large scale, a civil war broke out with another rebel army. 【01】

One is the 20,000 Yiding of Xiangyang officials and exiled local tyrants recruited by the general of the Yuan Dynasty. They fought against Liu Futong and regained Xiangyang and Bozhou. 【02】The lost Badulu died, and his son Polo Timur replaced him in command of the army, and moved to Datong.The land of Jinji in Shanxi was originally occupied by Chahan Timur's troops. Chahan Timur's army went east, and Polo Timur marched into Jinji and occupied Chahan Timur's defense line. Naturally, the two armies were not reconciled, and the two armies fought fiercely. After several years of fighting, the Yuan government was unable to stop it, and repeatedly sent people to mediate and negotiate peace.After Chahan Timur was stabbed to death, Polo Timur led troops to fight for Shanxi and Hebei again, and the civil war broke out again. 【03】

Parallel to the development of an open civil war by military leaders was a plotted coup d'état by the Yuan court. After Prime Minister Tuotuo died, Ha Ma became the prime minister.Ha Ma conspired to abolish Emperor Yuan Shun and establish the crown prince, and was killed after the matter was vented.The crown prince's birth mother, Empress Gao Liqi, and the crown prince still plotted to abolish the establishment, so the eunuch Pu Buhua discussed with the prime minister Taiping, but Taiping refused, and the prince resented and killed Taiping.The court is divided into two factions, the prime minister, Ji Sijian, and Pu Buhua, the prince, and the noble minister, Sha, the emperor.The prince's faction relied on expanding Timur as foreign aid, and the emperor's faction wooed Polo Timur to fight.The old Sha offended the crown prince and fled into the Polo Timur army.The crown prince resented Polo Timur for taking in his enemies, so Gu Sijian and Pu Buhua framed Polo Timur for plotting against him. In April 24th, the Yuan Dynasty government issued an edict to count Polo Timur's crimes and release him. Its military power cut its official rank.Polo Timur was not polite, and he led the army to Dadu. Emperor Yuan Shun panicked, sent him to prison, and Pu Buhua apologized, and Polo Timur returned to Datong.The prince failed and was not reconciled. He escaped from Dadu, and then recruited and expanded Timur and sent troops to fight Polo Timur. Polo Timur raised troops to attack Dadu again. The prince was defeated and fled to Taiyuan.Polo Timur entered the capital and became Prime Minister Zuo of Zhongshu.In the 25th year, the crown prince tuned in and expanded Timur and other soldiers to attack. Polo Timur was defeated and was stabbed to death in the palace. Expanded Timur entered the capital and became the prime minister.

When the prince went to Taiyuan, he had to imitate Tang Suzong's Lingwu story and establish himself as emperor, which was not approved by Timur.When Kuo Kuo Timur entered the capital, Empress Qi asked him to bring heavy troops to support the prince into the palace, forcing Emperor Shun to abdicate, but Kuo Kuo Timur refused, so he ordered the army to station three miles away from Beijing, and only brought a few cavalry into the court.Because of this, Empress Qi and the crown prince deeply hated Kuokou Timur, Emperor Yuan Shun also suspected that he had too much military power, and the ministers of the court thought he was not an official (generational noble) and looked at him differently.Kuo Kuo Timur has been in the army for a long time, and he is not used to the court conspiracy and struggles of intrigues and intrigues. At the same time, all the top and bottom are jealous of him. Knowing that he can't stand up, he asked to send troops outside, and Emperor Yuanshun named him As the king of Henan, he commanded the army and horses of the whole country and set off on behalf of the crown prince. 【04】

In February of the twenty-sixth year of Zhengzheng, Kou Kou Timur returned to the Henan Army, dispatched troops and horses from various places, and used a call to action to transfer the four generals of Guanzhong to join forces.Li Siqi was furious when he was dispatched, and scolded: "Smelly brat, your yellow hair hasn't receded yet, dare you come and transfer me!"I was in the same town as your father, and we were in the same rebel army. Your father only drank after drinking three times, but you didn’t even have a foothold in front of me. How dare you call me the commander-in-chief!Order all the ministries to not leave Wuguan with one sword and one armor. When Wang Baobao comes to see him, he will be killed by the whole army.The armies of Zhang Liangbi, Kong Xing, and Tuo Liebo were also not restrained.The expansion of Timur's military order was not enough, so he had to put aside the southern expedition for the time being, and sent some troops to station in Jinan to defend against the southern attack, and personally led the army into the pass to attack Li Siqi.Li Siqi and other four generals also joined forces in Chang'an, allied with the old foundation of Hanyuan Hall, and joined forces to resist. The strength of the two armies was about the same, and they fought for a whole year, with hundreds of battles, big and small, and it was impossible to tell the winner.

Emperor Yuan Shun repeatedly ordered Kuo Koo Timur to cease fighting, and insisted on going south, but Kuo Koo Timur refused to listen.In July of the 27th year of the expansion, Timur mobilized the most elite army of Gao Gao under his command. They crossed the river and attacked Fengxiang from behind. We were fighting demons, but now we are going to fight Li Siqi, Li Siqi is an official soldier, and the official army kills the official army, why come?Forced Gao to defect and denounce Timur for expanding his profile.Emperor Yuan Shun was originally suspicious of Expansion Timur, but hated him for disobeying orders, and was trying to take away the military power of Expansion Timur. He was very happy when Gao's report arrived, and he was promoted to the Privy Council and Ping Zhang. General Hebei army and horses; and issued an edict to release the expansion of Timur's commander-in-chief power, and only led the troops and horses of the headquarters, cleared the Jianghuai, and Li Siqi and other troops advanced.The Dafu Military Academy was specially set up, with the crown prince in charge of the world's soldiers and horses, specializing in defense against expansion of Timur. 【05】

Western Wu's detectives got all the above-mentioned situations, and Yuan Zhang decided to take advantage of the favorable opportunity when the Yuan army was busy with the civil war and the main forces offset each other, and marched simultaneously with the southern and northern expeditions.In October of the first year of Wu, with Xu Da as the general who conquered captives and Chang Yuchun as the deputy general, he led 250,000 armored soldiers to enter the river from the Huai River and take the Central Plains in the north.Hu Tingrui, Pingzhang of Zhongshu Province, was the general who conquered the south, and He Wenhui, Zuo Cheng of Jiangxi province, was the deputy general. Jiangxi took Fujian from Jiangxi.Huguang Province Pingzhang Yang Jing and Zuo Cheng Zhou Dexing led the Huguang guards to take Guangxi.

The Fujian soldiers were divided into three groups: Hu Tingrui and He Wenhui led cavalry from Jiangxi to Shanguan as the main soldiers, Tang He and Liao Yongzhong took Fuzhou from Mingzhou as a surprise soldier, and Li Wenzhong attacked Jianning (now Jianou, Fujian) from Pucheng For suspicious soldiers.Chen Youding's bases were Yanping (now Nanping, Fujian) and Fuzhou Jiaojiao, while Jianning was the outer stronghold of Yanping, with heavy troops stationed there.Yuanzhang's three armies attacked separately. The regular soldiers made the enemy fight with the main force, and the strange soldiers made the enemy unexpected. Therefore, the suspicious soldiers dispersed the enemy's forces. Chen Youding was born in Fuqing, Fujian.Born as a farm laborer, he was the door-to-door son-in-law of a rich peasant. He always lost money in business and worked as a postman.In the twelfth year of Zhizheng when the Red Army attacked Fujian, Youding served as a militiaman, made military exploits, was promoted to a small officer, and occupied many cities.Although domineering and domineering in the local area, he was extremely submissive to the Yuan Dynasty government and transported grain to Dadu every year.After Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Wuzhou, he made friends with him.In February of the 25th year of Zhengzheng, Youding attacked Chuzhou and was defeated by Hu Shen, a general of the Western Wu Dynasty.Unexpectedly, Hu Shen's troops advanced too fast, and the lone army went deep. Zhongfu was captured and killed by Youding. The Pingmin plan suffered setbacks and was temporarily put on hold. After Fang Guozhen surrendered, the Western Wu Navy took advantage of the victory and went south.The jurisdiction of Youding is isolated from the headquarters of the Yuan Dynasty, and it is isolated and helpless.Fuzhou and Jianning were lost successively, and Yanping was besieged.In the first month of Hongwu's first year, the city was destroyed. Youding bid farewell to his subordinates, committed suicide by taking poison, and was captured to Yingtian.Yuanzhang accused him of attacking Chuzhou and killing Hu Shen. You Ding replied sharply: "If the country is destroyed and the family is destroyed, it's fine if you die. Why bother talking!"Father and son were killed at the same time. 【06】 It took Xiwu four months from sending troops to conquering Yanping, and another eight months from conquering Yanping to pacifying Fujian. The deployment of the pacification of Guangdong and Guangxi was also divided into three routes: first, Yang Jing and Zhou Dexing took Guangxi from Hunan; second, Lu Zhongheng attacked Deqing from Shaozhou (now Qujiang, Guangdong); Haidao takes Guangzhou.The first route army set off in October of the first year of Wu, and the second and third route armies set off in February of the first year of Hongwu. The first route army encountered the greatest resistance.Advancing from Hengzhou to Guangxi, the first famous city Yongzhou (now Lingling, Hunan), and the second Quanzhou (now Guangxi County), were occupied after fierce bloody battles, and encircled Jingjiang (now Guilin, Guangxi).The Second Route Army took three months to pacify the Beijiang and Xijiang triangles and cut off the line of communication between Guangzhou and Jingjiang.Liao Yongzhong of the Third Route Army sent an envoy to persuade He Zhen, the Zuo Chancellor of the Xing Zhongshu Province in Jiangxi, Fujian Province of the Yuan Dynasty, to surrender. When the army arrived in Chaozhou, He Zhen sent his seal, map and household registration, and surrendered.Guangzhou and nearby counties fell without a fight.Liao Yongzhong entered Guangxi along the Xijiang River with his troops, and went north to join the First Route Army to attack and besiege Jingjiang.In June of the first year of Hongwu, the city of Jingjiang was destroyed, in July Guangxi was pacified, and Guangdong and Guangxi belonged to Yuanzhang's territory. 【07】 After the pacification of Fujian and Guangdong, the southern regions, except Sichuan and Yunnan, were united. The human and financial resources in the rear provided unlimited support for the Northern Expeditionary Army. Before the Northern Expeditionary Army set off, Yuan Zhang and Liu Ji carefully discussed the battle plan, and then discussed and decided with the generals at a military meeting.The plan proposed by Chang Yuchun was to attack the fortified forces, attack Dadu directly, thinking that the south has been pacified and there are enough troops, and we will surely win by destroying the exhausted troops of the Yuan Dynasty with our elite soldiers who have fought many battles.After the capital was captured, the troops were divided and swept up with the momentum of breaking bamboo, and the rest of the cities could be defeated without a fight.Yuanzhang's plan was just the opposite. He pointed out the danger of directly attacking Dadu, thinking that this was the capital city that the Yuan Dynasty had operated for hundreds of years, and the fortifications must be very strong.If our army goes deep alone and cannot attack for a while, if we station our troops under the fortified city, the food and pay from the rear cannot be provided, and reinforcements from the Yuan Dynasty rush from all directions, and our army cannot advance or retreat, wouldn't it be a bad thing?It is better to use the method of chopping trees, first remove the branches and leaves, then dig out the old roots, first take Shandong, remove the screens of Dadu; return to Henan, cut its wings, enter Tongguan, and occupy its gates.The military points in the south, east and west are all in the hands of our army, and if we enter Dadu, the Yuan government will be alone and helpless, so it is naturally advisable not to fight.Now that most of the capital is down, the drums go west, and Yunzhong, Jiuyuan and Guanlong can all be swept down.Yuanzhang's tactics are to fight steadily, build a battalion step by step, advance step by step, and gradually expand. The occupied area and the rear are connected together, the supply line of manpower and food is controlled by himself, and he concentrates on attacking the enemy's scattered forces with all his strength. From a positive point of view, the chances of winning can be assured, and from a negative point of view, it is also invincible.This kind of military thinking is very clever. More than ten years of combat life practice has trained Zhu Yuanzhang to become a commander who is both careful and bold, who can see both the part and the overall situation, and can command millions of troops.After hearing this, all the generals said yes in unison. 【08】 The organization of the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army has also been carefully studied, and the best generals are selected to form it.Before Ping Chen Youliang, the generals were directly commanded by Yuan Zhang himself, and they did not command each other.Once there was a big victory, Chang Yuchun killed all the surrendered soldiers of the Han Dynasty, and Xu Da couldn't stop him, so he appointed Xu Da as the general to control the generals.This time the Northern Expedition army has a more important relationship. Xu Da used his troops with prudence, did not fight uncertain battles, marched with discipline, and the most important thing was that he was cautious, did what he was called, reliable, and rest assured that he was appointed as the general who conquered captives. , Command the whole army.Chang Yuchun, among millions of people, bravely ascended first, charged into battle, invincible, and was appointed as the deputy general.Yuanzhang worried that he would be good at fighting and underestimate the enemy, so he specially restrained and warned him. If the enemy is approaching, use Yuchun as the vanguard, divide the left and right wings with the general Feng Sheng, and attack with elites.Xue Xian, the right minister, and Fu Youde, the general in charge, were brave enough to lead all the armies, and each led an army.The general is in charge of the central army, and his responsibility is to plan and decide the victory, and to encourage the generals, not to move lightly. 【09】 Yuanzhang reiterated his discipline again and again, telling his soldiers the meaning of the Northern Expedition: the purpose of this Northern Expedition is not only to capture cities and territories, but also to pacify the Central Plains, reduce disasters, overthrow this bad government, relieve people's suffering, and stabilize people's lives.When you see the enemy, attack them. Do not kill indiscriminately in the places you pass and in the cities you conquer.If there are abandoned orphans and children, parents and relatives come to ask for them, and they must return them. This is a good thing, and everyone should do this. 【10】 To make the northern people understand the reason for the Great Army’s Northern Expedition, to dispel the fear and suspicion of the Red Army among the northern bureaucrats and landlords, and to disintegrate the morale of the Yuan army, it is necessary to do a good job in propaganda work.Song Lian was ordered to write an appeal to the northern officials and people, saying: Since ancient times, the emperors have come to rule the world, and they have lived in China to control the barbarians, and the barbarians have lived outside to serve China. It is unknown to rule the world with the barbarians living in China.Since Song Zuoqing moved, Beidi ruled China from the Yuan Dynasty, and within the four seas, no one will submit.At that time, the emperor was wise and his ministers were good enough to guide the world, but there were people with lofty ideals who still lamented that their crowns and shoes were upside down.From then on, the courtiers of the Yuan Dynasty did not follow the ancestral precepts, abolished the rules and regulations, just like the great virtues abolished the elders and established the young, the Taiding used the ministers to kill the king, the Tianli used the brothers to kill the brothers, as for the brothers to accept the brothers' wives, and the sons to kill the father and concubines, up and down. It is not strange for Tian to learn from each other, but it is very profane and chaotic in the relationship between father and son, monarch, minister, husband and wife.Madam, the monarch is the suzerain of the people, the court is the foundation of the world, and the righteous is the great defense of the world. If she behaves like that, how can she be taught to the future generations of the world! And his descendants sank into wasteland, lost the way of monarch and ministers, and imposed the prime minister's exclusive power. Due to human affairs, it is also the time when heaven hates its virtue and abandons it.There is an ancient saying that the barbarians have no luck for a hundred years, and today's experience is almost undeniable. At this time, the fate of the heavens is circulating, the Central Plains is full of energy, and among the trillions, a sage will be born, expel the barbarians, restore China, set up the principles and disciplines, and save the people of Sicily. Let you be trembling and trembling, in the land of Chao Qin and Chu Chu, you can be sincere and respectful. Although there are many heroes in He, Luo, Guan, and Shanxi today, they forget the surnames of the Chinese ancestors, and instead use the names of barbarians and beasts as a good name. , This Heluo disciple is also; or there are few people with little strength, blocking troops from taking risks, bribery to lure famous nobles, aiming to raise strength, so as to bridge the gap between quarrels, this is also the people of Guanshan.Both started in the name of catching monsters, and gained military power.And the monsters are gone, the military power has been obtained, the arrogance is full, and there is no intention to respect the lord and protect the people. They devour each other and cause great harm to the living people. They are not the lords of China. Yu Ben Huaiyou commoner, the world was in chaos, and he was pushed by the people. He led his troops across the river, lived in the situation of Jinling, and got the danger of the Yangtze River's natural moat. It has been ten or three years now.It reaches Bashu in the west, connects with the Canghai in the east, and controls Minyue in the south. Lake, Hunan, Han, Mian, Lianghuai, Xu, and Pi are all included in the territory, and Yan and the south are all mine.The people are more peaceful, the food is more sufficient, the soldiers are more refined, and they control the strings and hold the arrows. They look at our people in the Central Plains for a long time without a master, and they feel deeply guilty.Respectfully accepting the destiny, but not daring to be safe, Fang wanted to send troops to the north to drive away the Hu captives, to save the living and the people from misery, and to restore the majesty of the Han officials.Concerned that the people don't know, but they are my enemies, and the Jie family goes north, and they are deeply addicted.Therefore, the prophet said: When the soldiers arrive, the people should not avoid them.My order is solemn, and there will be no serious crimes. Those who belong to me will be safe in China forever, and those who betray me will flee outside the Great Wall.Cover our Chinese people, God will order our Chinese people to live in peace, how can the barbarians and Di Di be ruled!I was afraid that the central land would be polluted for a long time and the people would be disturbed, so I led a group of heroes to strive to expand the Qing Dynasty, aiming to drive out the barbarians, eliminate the riots, and make the people have their own place. For example, Mongolia and Semu, although they are not of the Chinese race, are born in the same world, and those who know etiquette and righteousness and are willing to be subjects are no different from the people of Zhongxia.Therefore, I would like to inform you that you should know. 【11】 This is a representative work of the Confucian system among Yuan Zhang's staff, highlighting the Han chauvinism thought of the Han landlord class intellectuals, highlighting the Confucian Mandate of Heaven, and highlighting the theory of maintaining feudal order.First of all, they call all the ethnic minorities in the country Yidi, and regard China only as the China of the Han people, not the China jointly created by the multi-ethnic groups; There has never been a fact in the world that ethnic minorities have ruled China. From the present point of view, these views are backward, outdated, reactionary, and do not conform to historical reality.In fact, China has always been a multi-ethnic country. During the long historical period, the rulers of some dynasties were Han people, and the rulers of some dynasties were ethnic minorities; The rulers of the region are Han people, and the rulers of some other regions are ethnic minorities. In terms of social development stage, production technology, cultural science, etc., there are indeed advanced and backward distinctions among various ethnic groups, but there is no difference between the ethnic groups themselves. There are differences between high and low, but the same point is the domination of one class over another.Due to the long-term Han chauvinism, people like Liu Ji and Song Lian have forgotten the history of their own country, and they can't see that the Mongolian aristocracy has ruled the country for nearly a hundred years. The prejudice of the barbarians was fully expressed in this call to arms. The theory of Mandate of Heaven has also been emphasized, saying that the unification of the Yuan Dynasty is not manpower, but a gift from heaven.It is destiny.When the Red Army revolted, Heaven hated its virtue and abandoned it.The Yuan Dynasty had no destiny again.He himself respectfully accepted the destiny, and the destiny to unify the whole country belonged to Zhu Yuanzhang again.Attributing the overthrow of an old regime and the establishment of a new regime to the mandate of heaven, this kind of idealism has also been the central idea of ​​Confucianism for more than a thousand years.Zhu Yuanzhang started from a peasant uprising, and it was the great power of the peasants' revolutionary struggle that enabled him to win, but under the cover of the theory of destiny, this great power was wiped out.The power of the masses, the power of the revolutionary struggle to push the society forward was castrated, and the reason for the victory of the revolution was only because Zhu Yuanzhang got the mandate of heaven.The Red Army uprising was a distinct class struggle, which aimed to overthrow the joint rule of the Mongolian and Han landlord classes and destroy the old feudal order.The call to action is just the opposite. It is necessary to set up guidelines and disciplines. This guideline and discipline are exactly the outline and discipline of the feudal order and the great defense against the world. It is only a step forward to negatively condemn and betray the Red Army. Even so, this proclamation played an obvious and widespread role among the bureaucrats, landlords, Confucian scholars, and Han chauvinists in the north at that time.There are three points at the center of the proclamation: the first is the national revolution, emphasizing the difference between Yi and Xia, and emphasizing that China should be governed by Han people. In the past, the rule of Mongolian and Semu nobles made the dead feel devastated, and the living did not protect their flesh and blood.The purpose of the current Northern Expedition is to expel the Hulu, restore China, and shame China (the two words refer to the Han nationality). To bring out a forgotten ghost, and further shout out the idea of ​​restoring China. With this as a call, it will naturally be able to win the support of the landlord class intellectuals and the support of the Han chauvinists.The second is the revival of orthodoxy, that is, the restoration of the old feudal culture and ideology.The relationship between father and son, monarch and ministers, couples, elders and children, the imperial court is the foundation of the world, and China's internal control of barbarians and diners are all outlines and disciplines, the central idea of ​​Confucianism, and the golden rule that has maintained feudal rule for generations.Governing the country with great powers and self-cultivation with small powers, from politics to life, are all constrained in this feudal ideology system.The Mongolian and Semu aristocrats destroyed this ideological system, causing chaos!How can it be taught to future generations in the world!The purpose of this Northern Expedition was to establish guidelines and disciplines, and to save the people of Si.Restoring the traditional feudal culture and living habits passed down from generation to generation will win more sympathy and support from Confucian scholars and bureaucrats than the fantasy stories of Maitreya Buddha and the birth of King Ming preached at the beginning of the Red Army; the third is unity and stability. Over the past few decades, the emperor of Yuan Dynasty has been licentious, a ruler has abused him with poison, the world has raised troops, and the people of the Central Plains have been without a master for a long time.The purpose of the Northern Expedition was to govern the world and stabilize the people, to save the people from the misery, to make the people live in China forever, and to make the people get what they deserve. The call for unification and stability of the people's livelihood was in line with the requirements of the people of all walks of life at that time. It is in the vital interests of all the people.The goals welcomed and supported by the people of all walks of life at that time were prominently revealed in this call-to-action, which naturally produced an irresistible force and paved the way for the final victory. He scolded the government of the Yuan Dynasty, saying that he destroyed the traditional feudal culture, that there was chaos in the palace, and accused him of political corruption and abuse of the people. He was a bad government.When scolding the generals of the Yuan Dynasty, Heluo refers to Kuango Timur, who was originally Wang Baobao of the Han Dynasty, who was adopted by his mother's uncle Chahan Timur.Guan Shan refers to Li Siqi and other four generals.Scolding Kuokuo Timur for using Mongolian names, changing Xia with barbarians, and domineering rulers; scolding Li Siqi and others for blocking troops from taking advantage of danger, aiming to build strength.These two military groups devoured each other, not only could not shelter the people, but caused great harm to the living people, neither could be the lord of China.So, who should run China?In terms of the vastness of the territory, the large number of people, and the strength of the army, Zhu Yuanzhang, a commoner in Huaiyou, had to shoulder the historical tasks of expelling the barbarians, eliminating riots, avenging the country's humiliation, and saving the lives of the people. Finally, in order to ease the resistance of the Mongols and Semu people, it is pointed out that as long as they know the etiquette and righteousness and are willing to be subjects, they will be raised in the same way as the people of Zhongxia and treated equally. The call to action against Zhang Shicheng the year before was only a negative rebuke of the Maitreya religion and empty criticism of the Yuan government.Only at this time did they clearly and concretely put forward the call for national revolution, revival of feudal orthodoxy, and unity and stability. One win.This propaganda statement had a huge effect. Wherever the Northern Expeditionary Army went, prefectures and counties in Henan, Shandong surrendered one after another, and famous cities such as Jinan, Yidu, Bianliang, and Henan fell without a fight.Even the Mongols and Semu people surrendered in anticipation, the uncle Lao Bao of Kuango Timur surrendered, his grandfather Liang Wang Aluwen also surrendered, and Zuo Junbi, the general of Bianliang who used to guard Luzhou, surrendered without a fight. .Some guards of the Yuan Dynasty knew that they could not resist, so they abandoned the city and fled.As a result, the Northern Expeditionary Army was able to march smoothly and achieved great victories in a short period of time. The first army of the Northern Expedition, Xu Da, entered the river from the Huaihe River as the main force, and Deng Yu, the conscript general, moved from Xiangyang to the north of Nanyang to the north of Nanyang as a partial division, with the purpose of dispersing the strength of the Yuan army. In terms of military progress, Xu Da correctly implemented the planned plan.As mentioned above, this plan is to cut its branches and leaves and advance step by step.The first step was to pacify Shandong for more than three months from the day of leaving the army to the first month of the first year of Hongwu. The second step is to take Henan from Shandong, and divide the troops into two groups: take Guide (now Shangqiu, Henan), Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan), join forces with Deng Yu's army, and copy the back road of Bianliang; cross the Yellow River from Yuncheng to Chenqiao , The two forces were clamped like two pincers, and Bianliang surrendered without a fight.After advancing and defeating the Yuan army in Luoshui, Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) surrendered, and the whole territory of Henan was pacified.Don't let Feng Sheng also conquer Tongguan, Li Siqi and Zhang Liangbi to run away.This happened in March and April of the first year of Hongwu. After Lu and Henan were established, Tongguan's first army blocked the way out of Yuanguan's central army, and the military situation surrounding Yuandadu on three sides has been created.In May, Yuan Zhang personally went to Bianliang to meet with the generals to re-study the battle situation and decide on the strategy for the next step. When the Northern Expeditionary Army swept across the Central Plains with thunderous momentum, and the feathers and snow flakes of the guards in various places in the Yuan Dynasty seemed to fly to Dadu, the Yuan Army was busy with the civil war, fighting inextricably, with repeated political changes and military power transfers, ever-changing.After Kuo Kuo Timur was relieved of his power of command, he withdrew his troops and occupied Zezhou (now Jincheng, Shanxi), and his ministry transferred Guan Bao to the Yuan Dynasty government.Emperor Yuan Shun saw that Kuokuo Timur was lonely, so he ordered Li Siqi and other troops to go out of the pass eastward, and joined forces with Gao Gao to besiege Kuokuo Timur, and ordered Guan Bao to guard Taiyuan with his troops.Expansion Timur was so angry that he sent troops to occupy Taiyuan and killed all the officials placed by the Yuan government.Yuanzhang's Northern Expeditionary Army took advantage of this great opportunity to go down to Shandong and take Bianliang. The general also abandoned the city and fled. It really fell apart, like a broken bamboo. When Tongguan fell, Ji Gao and Guan Bao were captured and killed by Kuo Kuo Timur. Emperor Yuan Shun panicked. Facing the two enemies, he was helpless and helpless.After much deliberation, he had no choice but to reconcile with Kuango Timur and let him stand in for him for a while, but because he was too decisive in the previous matter, it was not easy to turn around, so he put all the faults in the name of the crown prince and issued an edict The Fujun Academy was abolished, and Timur's official title was fully expanded, so that he and Li Siqi parted ways to march south.Kuo Kuo Timur and Li Siqi panicked when they saw the serious situation, and were about to dispatch the army and set off, but at this time the Northern Expeditionary Army had already advanced to Dadu, and it was too late to save them. The target of the third attack is Dadu.In the seventh month of the first year of Hongwu, Xu Da held a general meeting in Linqing to arrange a strategy for marching.The Ma Bu boat division went northward along the canal and went down to Dezhou and Tongzhou.The Yuan army was defeated in a row and had no fighting spirit. Emperor Yuan Shun knew that the reinforcements had been cut off and the isolated city was difficult to defend. He was afraid of being captured. He followed the mistakes of Song Hui, Qin Erdi and Ying Guogong. He led his concubine and prince to flee All went up. [12] On the second day of August, the Northern Expeditionary Army entered Dadu, the joint rule of the Mongolian and Han landlord classes in the Yuan Dynasty was officially overthrown on this day, and the wishes of the oppressed and exploited people of all ethnic groups came true!However, they did not expect that instead of the joint rule of the Mongolian and Han landlord classes, it was the rule of the old and new Han landlord classes, which overthrew a mountain that was pressing down on them, and what they got in exchange was still a mountain that was still oppressed. gas.Although Yuan Dadu was under, Emperor Yuan Shun still maintained a complete government organization in Shangdu, and the main force of the Yuan army was still intact and strong, and the problem was not finally resolved.Xu Da and Chang Yuchun moved troops to advance into Shanxi and Shaanxi. From August of the first year of Hongwu to August of the second year, they fought for a whole year before they won the victory of liberating the Northwest and completed the fourth step of the Northern Expedition.During this year, the Yuan army not only resisted resolutely, but also had the strength to organize several large-scale counter-offensives. In the entire Northern Expedition, this year was the most intense and difficult. The Western Expeditionary Army entered the south of Shanxi from Hebei, expanded the profile and sent generals to fight for Zezhou, and defeated the Western Expeditionary Army.Taking advantage of the emptiness of Beiping (Yuanzhang changed the capital to Beiping Mansion), he personally went out of Yanmen Pass to attack Beiping.When Xu Da got the information, he didn't go back to rescue Peiping, and led his army straight to Taiyuan, the base of Kuokuo Timur.Kuo Kuo Timur was only halfway into the army. He heard that he had returned to the army for rescue. In the middle of the night, he was attacked by Xu Da's army stealing camp. In March of the second year of Hongwu, the Western Expeditionary Army entered Fengyuan Road (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). Li Siqi fled to Fengxiang and then to Lintao.The Yuan army attacked Tongzhou again, and there were no heavy troops in Beiping. Chang Yuchun and Li Wenzhong led 90,000 cavalry and rescued them, and went straight to the Shangdu of Yuan Dynasty.When he died suddenly in Yuchun, Li Wenzhong led his troops to join the army and marched westward. He defeated the Yuan army that besieged Datong, captured Liebo alive, and killed Kong Xing.Emperor Yuan Shun organized several counter-offensives, but they all failed and suffered heavy losses. He had no strength to go south again, sighed, and gave up the idea of ​​returning to Dadu.Hongwu died in the third year, and the crown prince Aiyoushili Dala succeeded him.Xu Da's army continued to advance westward, and Zhang Liangbi fled to Ningxia, where he was captured by Kuo Kuo Timur.His younger brother Zhang Liangchen surrendered in Qingyang, and soon rebelled. The city was destroyed and killed, and Shaanxi was pacified. Brothers Li Siqi, Kong Xing, Tuo Liebo, and Zhang Liangbi, those who surrendered and those who died died, the Mongolian generals only had Kuo Kuo Timur, who still had a large army stationed in Ningxia, and sent troops from time to time to attack and plunder. nervous.Liu Ji warned Yuanzhang: Don't underestimate Expansion Timur, this man is really talented.In the third year of Hongwu, Yuan Zhang ordered Xu Da to lead an army to attack the desert in the north, and expanded Timur to encircle Lanzhou.In the fifth year, he sent generals to lead the army to attack in different ways, and went to Lingbei to expand the profile of Timur and was defeated.Twenty-five years later, Yuan Zhang thought of this great defeat, and wrote to his sons Zhu Yan and Zhu Di very sadly, saying: I have used soldiers all my life and commanded generals, and I have never been defeated and injured soldiers.Just want to keep sharp, in order to watch Hu change.Husband and other generals will go deep into the desert every day, and they will inevitably exhaust their troops in Helin. This is due to gullibility and lack of plan, resulting in tens of thousands of casualties.According to the records of the people at the time, together with the defeats in the past, there were more than 400,000 deaths in total. After Kuo Kuo Timur fled back to Helin, his family was captured. Yuan Zhang sent a letter to persuade him to surrender and marry his sister as the second son, Princess Qin.Finally, Li Siqi was sent to be a lobbyist. When they met, Kuo Kuo Timur entertained him with courtesy. When he resigned, he sent a knight to the junction. Just as he was about to say goodbye, the knight said: "By order of the general army, please leave something as a souvenir."Si Qi said: I came here on business, so I can't give you anything.The knight said directly: I want one of your arms.Si Qi knew it was inevitable, so he had to cut off an arm, and died soon after returning. 【13】Yuan Zhang tasted and said: Now that the world is one family, there are still three things that are unfinished, which are on my heart.One is the Imperial Seal of the Shaoxing Kingdom, one is Wang Baobao who has not been captured, and one is the Yuan Prince who has not been heard from.In the eighth year of Hongwu, expansion Timur died.In the eleventh year of Hongwu, Aiyou Shiridara died, and his son Tuogusi Timur succeeded him. He still had a heavy army and attacked the border of the Ming Dynasty from time to time. 【14】 Yuan Zhang summed up the strategic policy of the Northern Expedition afterwards and said: Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng were destroyed, and the Northern Expedition was carried out. First, Shandong was taken, and Heluo was next. Li Siqi, Zhang Liangbi, and Li Siqi have all fought hundreds of battles, and they will never give in easily.Moreover, the army's westward attack just prompted them to unite and resist with all their strength.It's better to take Dadu by surprise, get rid of the roots, and then go west. Zhang and Li are hopeless and defeated without a fight.However, the expansion Timur still stubbornly resisted to the end, how much work it took!At that time, if we had not taken Beiping, we would have fought a decisive battle with the Guanzhong Army, and it would have been a two-front battle situation. With one enemy against two, we lost the initiative, and victory was not sure.He also pointed out that you must be prudent when facing the enemy, and you must not be arrogant and careless. He warned the generals: "The land should not rely on its vastness, and people should not rely on their crowds. Since I started my army, I have competed with heroes. Every time I face a small enemy, I am like a big enemy. Therefore able to win. 【15】 The north was pacified, and in the first month of the fourth year of Hongwu, troops were sent to attack Xia.With Tang He as the general who conquered the west, Zhou Dexing and Liao Yongzhong as the deputy generals, led the boat division to attack Chongqing from Qutang; Ming Yuzhen was born in Suizhou (now Sui County, Hubei).世代務農，有上百畝田地產業，是個中小地主。他身長八尺，目有重瞳，性情剛直，鄉里間有口舌糾紛，都找他排解，在地方上很有威信。徐壽輝起兵，玉珍招集鄉豪，修械築防，以保鄉里，被推做屯長。徐壽輝使人招降，不得已加入紅軍，積戰功做到統兵征虜大元帥，奉命率所部入川攻取城池。壽輝死後，自立為隴蜀王，以兵守瞿塘，和陳友諒斷絕來往。至正二十二年即皇帝位於重慶，建國為夏，年號天統。保境安民，禮聘名士，專務節儉，開進士科，求雅樂，賦稅十分取一。下令去釋道二教，止奉彌勒，各地都建立彌勒佛堂。休兵息民，百姓安居樂業。在位五年，死時才三十六歲。子明昇以十歲孩子繼位，諸將爭權，互相殘殺，國勢日漸衰弱。 【16】 夏國見大軍壓境，倚仗瞿塘天險，以鐵索橫斷關口，鑿兩岸石壁，引繩作飛橋，以木板平鋪放上炮石木竿鐵銃，兩岸置炮，層層佈防，以為敵人舟師決不能通過。湯和水軍果然被阻，三個月不能前進一步。 夏人把重兵都配置在東線，北邊防務空虛，傅友德乘隙南下，連克名城，將攻克城池日子寫了木牌，投在長江裏。廖永忠得到消息，從間道繞到夏軍背後，兩面夾攻，斷飛橋，燒鐵索，水陸並進，夏兵抵擋不住，明昇乞降。傅友德進軍成都，成都守將知重慶已失，也投降了。十月湯和等全定川蜀郡縣，夏亡。 【17】 Notes from the original book: 01：《元史》卷一百四十一《察罕帖木兒傳》 02：《元史》卷一百四十二《答八都魯傳》 03：《庚申外史》 04：《庚申外史》，《元史》《順帝本紀》，卷一百四十一《察罕帖木兒傳》，卷二百零七《孛羅帖木兒傳》，《明史》卷一百一十四《擴廓帖木兒傳》 05：《國初群雄事略》卷九《擴廓帖木兒》 06：《明太祖實錄》卷二十五，《明史》卷一百二十四《陳友定傳》，《國初群雄事略》卷十二《陳友定》。 07：《明太祖實錄》卷二十八，《明史》卷一百三十《何真傳》，《國初群雄事略》卷六《東莞伯何真》。 08：《明太祖實錄》卷二十一，陸深《平胡錄》，《明史》卷一百二十五徐達、常遇春傳。 09：《明太祖實錄》卷二十一，高岱《鴻猷錄》五《北伐中原》 10：《明太祖實錄》卷二十一 11：《明太祖實錄》卷二十一，《鴻猷錄》五《北伐中原》 12：《庚申外史》，《明太祖實錄》卷三十 13：俞本《紀事錄》，《明史》卷一二四《擴廓帖木兒傳》。 14：《草木子．余錄》，《庚申外史》，《國初群雄事略》卷九《擴廓帖木兒》 15：《明史》《太祖本紀》，《明太祖實錄》卷二十 16：《明太祖實錄》卷十六，楊學可《明氏實錄》。 17：《明史》卷一百二十三《明玉珍傳》，《國初群雄事略》卷五《明玉珍》。