Chapter 12 Chapter 4 The Founding Emperor 1. The name of the country, Ming Dynasty

In December of the first year of Wu (1367 A.D., the 27th year of Emperor Yuan Shun to Zhengzheng), Zhu Yuanzhang's Northern Expeditionary Army had pacified Shandong, and the Southern Expeditionary Army had descended to Fang Guozhen, and moved troops to Fujian.The good news made Yingtian's civil and military officials rejoice. They estimated their own strong military power and the people of all ethnic groups longed for unified support and support; they estimated the incompetence and corruption of the Yuan Dynasty government, and the Yuan Dynasty generals were frantically engaged in a life-and-death civil war. Unifying the country is already a matter of days.In order to adapt to this new situation, a national ruling regime must be established. From the actual conclusion drawn from the past history, the king is only the ruler of a local area, and the national ruler should be called the emperor. Therefore, the king of Wu should be called the emperor. Therefore, the officials of the royal family should naturally be promoted to become the generals of the new dynasty.

Everything was discussed and ready. Li Shanchang, the Prime Minister of Zhongshu Province Xuan Guogong, took the lead and led all the civil and military officials to ask Yuanzhang to be the emperor. Ten days later, Yuanzhang moved into the newly built palace. It means to sacrifice to God and the emperor said: only I, the king of the Chinese people, has ended since the Song Dynasty. The emperor ordered a real person to enter China in the desert and become the ruler of the world.The land and people of the world are divided among heroes.But the emperor bestowed the virtuous and virtuous as the assistants of his ministers, so he ruled out all the heroes, rested the people in the fields, and now the area is 20,000 li wide.All the ministers said that the living and the people have no master, and they must want to honor the title of the emperor. The ministers dare not resign, nor dare not sue the emperor.On the 4th day of the first lunar month of next year, an altar will be set up in the sun of Zhongshan Mountain to announce to the emperor, but the simplicity is in the emperor's heart: if a minister can live a democratic life, on the day of the sacrifice, the emperor will come, and the sky will be clear and clear.If you can't do it, the minister will know it when there is a strong wind and strange scenery. 【01】This sacrificial letter blames God for the overthrow of the joint regime of the Mongolian-Han landlord class in the Yuan Dynasty and the establishment of its own dynasty.The establishment and overthrow of the former dynasty is the destiny, and it is also the destiny to be the emperor.The will of God is inviolable, and the power to be an emperor adhering to the will of God is also inviolable. He rules the people of the whole country based on this command of God, making people understand that disobeying him is disobeying God, combining theocracy with secular government.As for the chosen date, of course it was done after research. Liu Ji was a famous astronomer at that time, and even today, there are still many strange legends about him.But according to what Zhu Yuanzhang said to Liu Ji's son: His astronomy is invisible to others.He only judges the reason of the scholar, so that he is better than him (astronomer).Fighting everywhere in Poyang Lake, he has contributed. 【02】It seems that Liu Ji is specialized in meteorological forecasting. With the scientific level reached in his time, it seems that the weather changes within a few days can be mastered.Liu Ji predicted that the fourth day of the first lunar month would be a good day, and Yuan Zhang's sacrificial letter had full confidence to let God choose whether he was worthy of being emperor, and he was appointed by heaven.

The etiquette of enthronement was also decided.On this day, the heaven and earth were first announced, that is, the emperor was located in the southern suburbs, and the prime minister led all the officials and the elders of the capital to worship and dance, and shouted long live three times, and the ceremony was completed.Guided by the emperor's ceremonial ceremonies, he went to the Taimiao to respect the grandparents of the four generations, and the parents were emperors and queens, and then offered sacrifices to the country.After all the religious ceremonies were completed, the emperor wore the crown and was congratulated by all the officials in Fengtian Hall, so that he became a legitimate orthodox emperor.The weather on this day is of course very good, the sun is bright and the wind is calm.There was a strong wind and a strange scene, and there was no shadow at all. God approved it.

The main hall where the emperor works is called Fengtian Hall, and the beginning of the emperor's edict stipulates that the four characters "Fengtian Chengyun" should be used. 【03】It turned out that the beginning of the imperial edict of the Yuan Dynasty used the power of longevity and the blessings to protect and help the people. The classical Chinese was translated as the fate of the heavens. Zhu Yuanzhang thought this tone was not humble enough, so he changed it to Fengtian Chengyun, indicating that all his actions were done according to the heavens. , his dynasty was inherited by Fang Xing's fate, who would dare to resist the destiny?Who dares to go against Xingyun?

On the fourth day of the first month of the first year of Hongwu (AD 1368), Zhu Yuanzhang decided to have the name of the world called Daming, and Jianyuan Hongwu.Take Yingtian as the capital. After receiving the congratulations in Fengtian Palace, the concubine Ma was made the queen, and the son was marked as the crown prince.With Li Shanchang and Xu Da as the left and right prime ministers, all civil and military meritorious officials were added to the ranks and awarded Zhuangtian.The royal family is all dead and alive.All of a sudden, there was hustle and bustle and joy, and the new court was full of vigorous new atmosphere. Hundreds of thousands of new landlords and new aristocrats were added to the new capital, and a unified new dynasty appeared in history.

The royal family, other civil and military bureaucrats, and landlord families formed a new ruling class, and the institution that represented this class was the imperial court.This court served the Zhu family dynasty and the interests of the landlord class. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Zhu family dynasty, named his dynasty Daming. The decision on the title of the Ming Dynasty had been considered for a long time beforehand. The titles of dynasties in history have their special meanings.It can be roughly divided into four categories. The first category uses the early place names, such as Qin and Han; the second category uses the feudal titles, such as Sui and Tang; ), gold; the fourth category uses the meaning of words, such as Dazhen and Dayuan.Daming should belong to the fourth category. 【04】

The meaning of Ming Dynasty comes from Mingjiao.Mingjiao originally had a legend about the birth of King Ming. After more than 500 years of public and secret dissemination, the birth of King Ming has become a well-known prophecy among the people.Han Shantong claimed to be the King of Ming and revolted. After his defeat, his son Han Lin'er succeeded him as King Xiaoming.Biezhi Mingsheng of the Western Red Army is also known as King Xiaoming.Zhu Yuanzhang was originally a general of King Xiaoming, who killed King Xiaoming, and then rose up, and the country was named Daming. 【05】It is said that Liu Ji came up with the idea.

Zhu Yuanzhang's subordinates were divided into two groups: the Red Army and Confucian scholars, that is, peasants and landlords. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the generals who were originally peasants also became new landlords.The adoption of this dynastic title satisfied people in both systems.As far as the generals of the Red Army are concerned, most of them started from Huaixi and were educated by Peng Yingyu. Is Mingjiao. Using Da Ming as the title of the new dynasty, first, means that the new regime is the successor of King Xiao Ming, and all Ming believers are a family, and should unite together to share wealth; second, tell the people that King Ming is already alive, only this family, and the others They are all counterfeit, don't believe them; third, make the people feel at ease, be honest, and enjoy a peaceful and reasonable life under King Ming's rule.From the point of view of the Confucian group of landlords, they certainly opposed Mingjiao and were in a hostile position with the Red Army. They tried their best to persuade Zhu Yuanzhang to betray Mingjiao, give up class struggle, assassinate King Xiaoming, and establish a new dynasty.However, the title of this dynasty is understood from the Confucian point of view.Ming means light, fire, and the two characters of sun and moon. In ancient rituals, there is a saying that worshiping Daming, the sun and the moon. For thousands of years, Daming and the sun and the moon have been the official sacrifices of the imperial court, whether they are listed as suburban sacrifices or special sacrifices. , have been valued by the royal family of all dynasties, and Confucian scholars are willing to discuss.Moreover, the new dynasty started in the south, which is exactly the opposite of the previous dynasties that started from the north to pacify the south. Using the theory of yin and yang and five elements to infer, the south is fire and yang, the god is Zhurong, the color is red, and the north is water. It belongs to Yin, the god is Xuanming, and its color is black.

Jinling, the capital of the new dynasty, is the hometown of Zhu Rong. 【06】Beiping, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, started from the Mongolian desert.Then, using fire to control water, using yang to eliminate yin, and using light to overcome darkness, isn't it just the right way to win?Furthermore, the names of palaces in history include Daming Official and Daming Palace, and the word Zhu Ming in ancient mythology combines the emperor's surname with the title of the dynasty, which is particularly coincidental.Therefore, the system of Confucian scholars also favors the use of this dynasty name.These two people have different starting points, but they have reached the same conclusion. 【07】

During the magnificent class struggle in the last two decades of the Yuan Dynasty, the ruled organized armed forces, and what they advertised was the prophecy of the birth of King Ming and the birth of Maitreya.Zhu Yuanzhang made in-depth explorations to understand the significance of such prophecies and the instigation of such secret organizations.Just because he is a Ming Cultist, because he once worshiped Maitreya Buddha, and because he obtained the opportunity and success from the secret spread of Ming Cult and Maitreya Cult, and became a new ruler, he wants to keep the property created by his hands forever, Pass it down from generation to generation, and never allow others to follow his example and endanger his rule.Moreover, Daming has become the title of the dynasty, let alone desecration of this title.Therefore, in his first year as emperor, he used an imperial edict to ban all cults, especially the White Lotus Society, Daming Sect and Maitreya Sect.

Then write this prohibition into legal provisions, "Daming Law", "Ritual Law", "Stop Master Witches and Sorcery" stipulates: Every master witch falsely descends on evil gods, writes spells on water, helps Luan to pray for saints, and calls himself Duangong, Taibao, and Shishi. Po, falsely claiming Maitreya Buddha, Bailian Society, Mingzunjiao, Baiyunzong and other associations, responding to heretical techniques, or hiding images, gathering people by burning incense, gathering at night and dispersing at dawn, pretending to do good deeds, inciting the people, and the leader hanged .Those who serve as followers each have a hundred sticks and flow three thousand miles.Sentence Explanation: Duan Gong and Tai Bao are the men who descended from the gods; Shi Po, the women who descended from the gods.Ming Zun teaches that men practice fasting and obey the Buddhist teachings of Muniguang.Baiyunzong and others Huigai said that there are seventy-two branches of the Shi family, and Baiyun holds one school, such as Huangmei and Caoxi.Ming Zunjiao is Mingjiao, and Muni Guangfo is Mani. "Zhaodai Wangzhang Regulations": People who are confused by the leftist way, or burn incense and gather disciples, gather at night and disperse at dawn, and those who are followers and called good friends ask for alms. Send out frontier guards to serve as soldiers, and those who belong to the department speak out for the people.Shanyou is also a kind of title of Mingjiao believers. The "Recruitment for the Judgment of the Cardinal's Sorcerer's Witchcraft Crimes" said: There are some monster-hunters who ignore the laws of the Ming Dynasty and dare to establish the White Lotus Society, calling themselves Duan Gong.Wipe the wind knife, people call Taibao.Tasting the cloud can use the five thunders and gather the gods.Get the innate, know the future.Those who incite people's hearts are of various shapes.The small ones are lost in people and forget their relatives and homes, the big ones are confused and discouraged, and even gather into cliques, which cause disasters, unexpected changes, and all kinds of opinions. The harm is indescribable. 【08】It is clearly pointed out that the feudal dynasty feared the people's secret associations and must be strictly prohibited.The Great Ming Religion in Wenzhou and Quanzhou has been deeply rooted and spread among the people since the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was very extravagant to decorate palaces, and the unemployed people returned to it.Deeply hated by the feudal dynasty, they used it as an excuse to violate the country's title, the church was destroyed, the religious property was confiscated, and the believers were expelled to the peasants. [09] Mingzhou since the Song and Yuan Dynasties was also renamed Ningbo. 【10】Under torture and suppression, the Mingjiao had no choice but to change their name and operate secretly, becoming an underground organization among the people.This series of measures shows the situation of class struggle at that time.The peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty was launched through the organization of secret religions, with the purpose of overthrowing the ruling class of the Mongolian and Han landlords. Now, the feudal dynasty of the Ming Dynasty uses severe torture to ban and suppress secret religions, with the purpose of maintaining and consolidating the rule of the feudal dynasty. , class struggle cannot be suppressed by the feudal regime's decrees, as long as the nature of the feudal regime remains unchanged, the class struggle will never stop, the wild fire will never burn out, and the spring breeze will regenerate, this is the inevitable law of the historical development of human society, It cannot be stopped or resisted by anyone. The spread of secret religions such as Maitreyaism among the people, especially in Jiangxi, can be seen from what Zhu Yuanzhang warned the people in the 19th year of Hongwu.He said: If the government of the Yuan Dynasty is not governed, the sky will change its luck, and those who are foolish and prone to chaos will be happy.There were only a few people at first, and the rest of the fools thought about it when they heard the wind, and conspired together to cause chaos.It is the waiting house, which I personally witnessed.Chen Sheng and Wu Guang from the Qin Dynasty, the Yellow Turban from the Han Dynasty, Yang Xuangan and Xiang Haiming from the Sui Dynasty, Xianzhi from the Tang Dynasty, and Ze from the Song Dynasty, were all advocating chaos.Caused by fighting and fighting, many people were injured.Compared with the success of the matter, if the sky does not cooperate with those who advocate chaos, the disaster will be the first and the chaos will be the first, and the blessing will be prosperous in the palace.Today in Jiangxi there are such foolish people, wives do not remonstrate with their husbands, husbands do not refrain from what their predecessors have lost, husbands and wives are foolish at home, and teach their children and grandchildren, they recite Nanwu Maitreya Buddha in one concept, thinking six characters, and want to create disasters to bring disaster to the village.From now on, good people who have six characters will be burned immediately, and they will not be kept or given away, so as to keep themselves safe forever. Good people are warned! 【11】 He also talked about historical experience and lessons, and attributed the peasant uprisings from Chen Sheng and Wu Guang to the end of the Yuan Dynasty as creating chaos and advocating chaos. Very firm.He also pointed out in particular that those who make rumors and lead things will not end well, and disasters will be caused by chaos. As for himself, he is a latecomer to follow, who betrayed the peasant revolution and became a career, so he is blessed in the palace.He bitterly persuaded the people to break away from Maitreya religion and not to follow the six characters.Advising the people not to cause trouble first, repeating it over and over again.However, the foolish people he mentioned are still prone to chaos, and they still think about it after hearing about it.From the early years of Hongwu to the seventh year of Yongle (AD 1409), King Xiaoming's disciple party in the northwest was still very active. Wang Jingangnu claimed to be the Four Heavenly Kings, and Jiucheng of his party called himself the Emperor of the Later Ming Dynasty, and the year name was still Dragon and Phoenix.He Miaoshun was called Heavenly King, and Gao Fuxing called himself Maitreya Buddha.Both the title of emperor and the title of year were directly inherited from King Xiaoming, and they did not recognize Zhu Yuanzhang's rule at all.It was not until September of the 30th year of Hongwu that they were suppressed. There were more than 4,000 people who were coerced into the army alone. It is conceivable that the scale is so large. 【12】 In addition, in August of the eleventh year of Longfeng, Lan Chou'er in Luoping County pretended to be Peng Yingyu, made rumors to confuse the public, cast seals, and set up officials.In September of the third year of Hongwu, Sun Gupu, a citizen of Qingzhou, called himself the Yellow Turban Bandit, attacked Juzhou and killed his fellow acquaintance, Mulu.In the first month of the sixth year, Wang Yuer of Qizhou gathered people to burn incense and start an incident.In April, Wang Fo'er of Luotian County claimed to be the birth of Maitreya Buddha and passed on the Buddha's name.On the fifth day of the first lunar month of the eleventh year, Wu Mian'er, a man in Dongdong, used evil methods to lure people into rebellion. It was not until July of the eighteenth year that he was ensnared by Tang He and captured more than 40,000 people.In April of the twelfth year, Peng Pugui in Meixian County, Jiading Prefecture, Chengdu also used demonic words to confuse the crowd and revolted.In the fifth month of leap, Wang Yu'er, the rest of Chen Youliang's department, started an incident.In August of the fourteenth year, there was a mountain dweller in Guang'an Prefecture, Sichuan Province who claimed to be Maitreya Buddha and gathered people to confuse them.In May of the 19th year, Peng Yulin, a monk in Yangmen nunnery in Jiangle County, Fujian Province, had no initial name. She traveled to Xingan and called herself Maitreya Buddha. .In May of the 21st year, there were people in Pingxiang County, Yuanzhou Prefecture, who claimed to be Maitreya Buddha to confuse the people.In July, Ningduwei captured the Laughing Mountain demon and sent 31 people, including the false recruiter Zhou Sanguan, to the capital.In March of the twenty-fourth year, the people of Fenyi County in Yuanzhou confuse the people with leftist ways.In September, there are monks in Ningbo Prefecture called Bailianzong, who meet men and women and gather people to burn incense. 【13】The locations of the uprising included Shaanxi, Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Huguang and other provinces, all of which were places where Maitreya, Mingjiao and Bailianshe had been active for a long time in the past. In particular, Qizhou and Luotian, the bases of the Western Red Army, not only in the Hongwu Dynasty, but also in the Yongle period, there were still resistance struggles.For example, in the fourth year of Yongle, the demon monks in Guangji County, Qizhou, held their seats and gathered men and women to set up the Bailian Society.In Xiangtan for seven years and in Baoding for sixteen years, there are records of failed revolts by Maitreya believers.The leader of the uprising in Xiangtan came from Jiangxi.The leader of Baoding gave a speech on the scriptures of "Yingjie Wugong", and the people in Zhending, Rongcheng, Hongdong and other counties of Shanxi all accepted the precepts. [14] From then on until the end of the Ming Dynasty, these secret religions continued to spread and riot in various places. As long as the feudal landlord class is still ruling, the peasant riots organized through secret religion will never stop, and the feudal court's decrees and violent suppression are powerless. Notes from the original book: 01: "Ming Taizu Records" Volume 24 02: Liu Zhongjing's "Encounter Encounter" 03: "Records of Ming Taizu" 04: Volume 29 of Zhao Yi's "Twenty-two Histories Notes", "Yuan Jianguo Begins to Use Literary Meaning".Volume 2 of Zhu Guozhen's "Yongzhuang Essays": The expansion of the country's name began with Hu Yuan, and our dynasty because of it, overturned the old left lapel, which is natural and beneficial to King Xiaoming.Those who speak of the Great Han, Great Tang, and Great Song are words honored by foreign barbarians and courtiers. 05: Sun Yi's "A Brief Introduction to the Early Ming Dynasty" 4: The country's name is Daming, and Liner's Xiaoming is also named.Zhu Yunming's "Wild Notes" Volume 1. 06: Yuan Yixin's "Fengyang New Book" Volume 1 "Taizu Benji": The original surname is Zhu, and the original name is Zhurong.Zhu Rong, the son of Emperor Zhuanxu, is Emperor Ku Huo Zheng, and has a great honor in the world, so don't be Zhu Rong.In the words of Guochen (Ke) Zhongjiong: Taizu Dingding Jinling, Zhu Rong's hometown is also.The old country is named Daming, and it has ancestors, and my husband Zhu Rong is a great Ming, and his face must shine.Therefore, my Taizu established the country with the Great Ming, and also established the Great Brightness with the light of the sky, and established it in the middle of the world. He determined the people of the world, emphasized the people's calendar, showed the three cardinal principles and the five constants, used it to illuminate the sun, and used it to attract light and avoid evil. The purpose of subtle influence, so the four seas come to court, and it is also the ear bestowed.Those who know this way can say the secret meaning of my Taizu taking the name of Ming Dynasty.Therefore, the virtue of Han is like water, and our emperor's virtue is like the Ming Dynasty of the sun and the moon. 07: Wu Han's "Notes on Reading History", "Mingjiao and Ming Dynasty" 08: "Zhaodai Wangzhang", "Minglu" eleven rites and one, Wang Shizhen's "Mingqing Jiji" Volume 3 "Li Shanchang Biography": In the first year of Hongwu, Emperor Gao returned to Bian.Also, please prohibit prostitution and sacrifice to Bailianshe, Mingzunjiao, Baiyun shaman, help Luan to pray to holy books, spells, water magic, and so on. 09: Song Lian's "Zhiyuan Sequel" IV "Gu Qi Ningwei Experience Xiong Fujun Tomb Inscription", He Qiaoyuan's "Min Shu" VII "Fang Yu Zhi". 10: Lu Wu's "A Brief History of the Ming Dynasty", Volume 2 11: Ming Taizu's "Three Parts of Great Poems" and "The Twelfth Book of Confusing Words". 12: Volume 90 of "Records of Ming Chengzu", Volume 30 of Shen Defu's "Ye Huo Bian", "Reintroduction of the Year of the Dragon and Phoenix". 13: See "Records of Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty" 14: Volumes fifty-six, ninety-six, and two hundred of "Records of Ming Chengzu".